英語(yǔ)調(diào)研卷（2025年2月）(考試時(shí)間105分鐘，滿分115分)I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GettingOverThe“Ick”Gettingthe“ick”canruinabuddingromanceoranongoingdate.It’sthatsuddenfeelingofdisgust___1___makesyouwanttobackaway.Maybeyouheardthemmakeanawkwardnoise,mocksomeoneunfairly,oreatmessily.Oncethe“ick”setsin,it’shardtoshakeoff,leavingyouquestioning___2___tomoveforward.Disgust,thoughoftenoverlookedinresearch,isastrong,primal(原始的)emotion.Likefearoranger,it’striggeredinspecificsituationsand___3___(vary)betweenindividuals.Whilesomereactionsareuniversal—likedisgustatrottingfoodorunhygienicacts—peoplewithhighsensitivitytodisgustmightfeeliteveninslightsituations,suchasapartner’s___4___(crack)lipsormessyeating.Disgustevolvedtoprotectusfromharm,___5___spoiledfoodormoralwrongdoing.However,whenitrushedintoourromanticlives,itraisesquestions:Isitasignaltostop,or___6___wecanworkthrough?Studiesshowthatheighteneddisgustsensitivityislinkedtoemotionalchallenges,suchaslowdesireoraversion.Inrelationships,mismatchedthresholdsfordisgustcancauseconflicts—onepartner’slimitsmightfeelrestrictivetotheother.Overcomingthe“ick”involves___7___(reduce)disgustsensitivity.Disgustcanbereducedinmuchthesamewayasweworktoreduceaperson’sfear:Gradualexposuretoincreasinglygreaterlevelsofthestimulus.Inotherwords,startsmallandincreaseyourexposuretothethingthatmakesyoudisgustedandyourresponsewillbecome___8___(dramatic).Ifthe“ick”istiedtoapersonratherthananact,reflectioniskey.Stronginitialfeelingsofconnectionmaybeworthworking___9___thediscomfort.Relationshipsoftenallowustooverlookflaws,_____10_____ifthetriggerisatruedealbreaker—somethingmorallyunacceptable—it’stimetotrustyourinstinctsandmoveon.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.fuelB.escapeC.equivalentsD.patternsE.wrestleF.containG.promotingH.gamesI.rankJ.forcingK.addressingCalifornia’sGrowingWildfireCrisisCalifornia’swildfireshavebeenfueledbyincreasinglydangerousconditionsoverthepasttwodecades,creatingagrowingcrisis.TherecentMountainFireinVenturaCountyhighlightsthisalarmingtrend.Over10,000residentswereforcedto____11____theirhomesasthefirequicklyspread,injuringatleast10peopleandleavingdozensofhousesinashes.Injusttwodays,theblazeconsumedover20,000acres,____12____GovernorGavinNewsomtodeclareastateofemergency.Expertspointtoadestructive“environmentalrecipe.”Beforethefire,forecastersissuedarareRedFlagwarning,cautioningthatdrywindsandlowhumiditycouldturninto____13____forfast-spreadingwildfires.WhentheMountainFireerupted,strongSantaAnawindscarriedembers(灰燼)farandwide,whilevegetationfromtwounusuallywetwintersactedasready____14____.Asaresult,thefirecouldescalaterapidly,leavingfirefightersstrugglingto____15____it.Climatechangehasfurthershiftedthelandscape.Risingtemperaturesandprolongeddroughtshavemadevegetationdrierandmoreignitable.Atthesametime,wetterwintershaveencouragedplantgrowththatlaterdriesout,becomingkindlingforfires.Fallandwinterblazes,unliketheirsummer____16____,aredrivenbyintensewindsandlowerhumidity,makingthemhardertocontrol.Manyhistorical____17____showtheseverityofthistrend.TheWoolseyFirein2018andtheThomasFirein2017,bothoccurringinwinter,____18____amongCalifornia’smostdestructive.Additionally,morethanhalfofthestate’slargestfireshavebeenrecordedinthelastdecade,underscoringtheroleofclimatechange.AsCaliforniacontinuesto____19____withworseningwildfires,thestakesgrowhigher.Without____20____theseenvironmentalshifts,thebattleagainstfirewillbecomeanevenmoredifficultgameofsurvival.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Artificialintelligence(AI)iscommonlyusedtomakepredictionsfromdatasets,butthistypicallyrequirescreatinga____21____modelforeachtask.Hollmannetallhavedevelopedasolution—afoundationmodel—that____22____applyingmachinelearningacrossdifferenttaskswithouttask-specifictraining.Thisdevelopmentcouldstreamlinepredictiontasks,suchaspredictingpatientdeteriorationinhospitals.Inatypicaltabularmachinelearningscenario,ahospitalusesa____23____totrackpatientinformation,suchasage,blood-oxygenlevel,andvitalsigns,withthelastcolumnindicatingifapatient’scondition____24____.Amodelisthentrainedonthisdatatopredictrisk.____25____,youneedtotrainmultiplemodelsfordifferenttasks,whichistime-consuming.WithafoundationmodellikeTabPFN,youcanimmediatelyuseanydatasettomake____26____withouttraininganewmodeleachtime.Foundationmodels,likeTabPFN,are____27____andcanbeappliedacrossmanytasks,similartotoolslikeChatGPTandStableDiffusion.Thesemodelsreducetheeffortandtimerequiredformachinelearningtasks,____28____fasterdeploymentofAIsolutionsinhealthcare,finance,andmore.TabPFNhasseveralkeyadvantages:itcanhandlenewdatasetsquickly,makingpredictionsin____29____ofasecondwithouttraining.Italsodealswellwithissueslikemissingvaluesandoutliersandperformsexcellentlyondatasetswithupto10,000rowsand500columns.Toovercomethechallengeoflimitedreal-worlddata,TabPFNwaspre-trainedon100millionrandomlygenerateddatatablethat____30____realdata’sstatisticalproperties.Thisallowedittolearngeneralpatternswithoutrelyingonactualdatasets.Evenifpredictionscanbemadeinlessthanasecond,TabPFNisnot____31____challenges.Itisa“blackbox,”souserscannoteasilyunderstandhowitmakespredictions.Itmayalso____32____withverylargedatasets,particularlythosewithover10,000rowsand500columns.Asthefirstmodelofitskind,itsfull____33____andlimitationsarestillbeingexplored.Despitethesechallenges,TabPFNcouldmarkthebeginningofa____34____intabularmachinelearning.DatascientistsmaysoonusefoundationmodelslikeTabPFNtohandlemuchoftheheavylifting,openingthedoorforfaster,moreefficientmachinelearningapplications,similartothe____35____impactoflargelanguagemodelsonnaturallanguageprocessing.21.A.unique B.complex C.typical D.temporary22.A.complicates B.simplifies C.restricts D.blocks23.A.diagram B.chart C.graph D.table24.A.worsened B.expanded C.evolved D.decreased25A.Occasionally B.Similarly C.Traditionally D.Typically26.A.assumptions B.predictions C.evaluations D.preparations27.A.flexible B.systematic C.trained D.approachable28.A.providing B.improving C.gaining D.enabling29.A.transitions B.microseconds C.durations D.fractions30.A.represent B.ignore C.imitate D.reject31.A.facedwith B.freefrom C.strivingfor D.combinedwith32.A.benefit B.enhance C.struggle D.lengthen33.A.schemes B.potentials C.outputs D.intentions34.A.decline B.charge C.shift D.modification35.A.harmful B.gradual C.insignificant D.transformativeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ispentanhourormoresittingonthefloorofmybedroominmynightgown,unpackingmybooksfromthetravelingtrunkandputtingthemonthebookshelf.Iarrangedthemalphabetically:LouisaMayAlcott,FrancesHodgsonBurnett,LewisCarroll,CharlesDickens...

ThenItookthemallofftheshelfandstartedagain.

ThistimeIusedthespinestocreatearainbowofcolor—blue,green,gray,black...

Iputmybookoffairytalesonthebedsidetable;itdidn’tlivewithmyotherbooks.

Mybrother,Robert,hadgivenittomeformytwelfthbirthday,verynearlyayearago.Itwasfilledwiththemostbeautifulpicturesyoucouldeverimagine—pageafterpageofenchantedforests,underwatercities,androyalpalaces.Thelongeryoulookedatthosepictures,themoreyouwouldsee—therewerepictureswithinthepictures,worldswithinworlds.Mynewbedroomwasatthebackofthehouseoverlookingthegardenandthewoodsbeyond.Iopenedtheheavycurtainsandstoodatthedarkwindow,butallIcouldseewasmyownreflectionlookingbackatme.

Thereweredarkcirclesundermyeyes;myhairwasatangledbrownmess.

Ayearago,Mamawouldhavelaughedandsaid,“Youlooklikeyou’vebeendraggedthroughahedgebyarunawaypony,Hen.”Shewouldhavepulledmetowardherandgentlybrushedatthebird’snestuntilmyhairshone.Shewouldhavekissedmegoodnight.Iblinkedawaythetears,andpulledthecurtainstogetherbehindmetoshutoutthelight.Thedarknessbeyondthewindowwasvastanddeep,nothinglikethehazygrayofLondonatnight.

Thisskybelongsinmybookoffairytales,Ithought.

Anevilqueen’sblackvelvetcloak,embroideredwithdiamonds.AndthenIsawthesmoke.Itwasdriftingupfromtheshadowywoods.AsIsquintedatit,Isawatinyorangelightflickeringamongthetrees.Afire.Someonehaslitafireinourforest.36.Whatdistinguishesthebookoffairytalesfromtheotherbooksintheauthor’scollection?AItwasagiftfromtheauthor’smother. B.Itcontainspicturesofbeautifulplaces.C.Itistheauthor’sfavoritebook. D.Itistheoldestbookinthecollection.37.Whatdoestheauthorcomparethenightskywithwhenlookingoutthewindow?A.Ascenefromhisfairytalebook. B.ThecurtainofnightinLondon.C.Astorytoldbytheirmother. D.Anadventurewiththeirbrother.38.Whatistheprimarythemeofthepassage?A.Thejoyoforganizingandarrangingpersonalbelongings.B.Theimportanceoffamilytraditionsandheirlooms.C.Theexcitementofdiscoveringnewplacesandadventures.D.Thecomfortfoundinfamiliarroutinesduringtimesofchange.39.Whatdoestheauthor’sinteractionwiththebookoffairytalessymbolizeinthepassage?A.Adesiretoescaperealityandimmerseinfantasy.B.Alongingforchildhoodinnocenceandsimplicity.C.Anappreciationforartisticbeautyandcreativity.D.Aconnectiontotheirbrotherandfamilymemories.(B)Awell-designedPowerPointpresentationcanhelpcommunicateyourideaseffectivelyandengageyouraudience.Toavoidcreatingtext-heavyslidesthatboreyouraudience,followtheseessential4sortsoftipscompiledfromPowerPointexpertFerryPereboom.1.TextTips:KeepTextShort:Sticktothe5×5rule—nomorethan5lineswith5wordsperline.ChooseReadableFonts:Useclassic,easy-to-readfontslikeCalibriorHelvetica.FontSize:Setheadersto20ptandbodytextto18ptforbetterlegibility.2.DesignTips:IncreaseContrast:Maketexteasytoreadbyusinghighcontrast,suchasdarktextonalightbackground.UseColorsWisely:Choosecolorsbasedonyouraudience—brightcolorsforinformalpresentationsandsubdued(柔和的)tonesforprofessionalsettings.PowerPointShapes:Replacebulletpointswithshapestomakeyourmessageclearerandvisuallyappealing.SelectRelevantVisuals:Usehigh-qualityimagesthatsupportyourmessageandmaintainconsistency.Mock-upsOverScreenshots:Usedevicemock-upsinsteadofscreenshotsforamorepolishedlook.VisualizeData:Usegraphs,charts,andSmartArttorepresentdataclearly.SimplifyTables:Avoidclutterintablesbyremovingunnecessarybordersandcolors.IndustryTemplates(模版):Useindustry-specifictemplatestomakeyourslidesmorerelevant.3.____________:MinimizeTransitions:Usesimpletransitions,likefade,tokeepthefocusonyourcontent.PresenterView:UsePresenterViewtomonitortime,slides,andnotes.ProvideanOutline:Startwithawelcomeslide,followedbyamenuslideandasummaryslidetohelpyouraudiencefollowalong.4HardwareTips:BackUpYourPresentation:Saveyourslidesinmultipleformats(e.g.,PDForGoogleSlides)topreventtechnicalissues.Byapplyingthesetips,youcancreateaPowerPointthatisengaging,clear,andprofessional,ensuringyourmessageiscommunicatedeffectively.40.Whichofthefollowingphrasescanbestfillintheblank?A.StandardizationTips B.OrientationTipsC.LimitationTips D.Easy-to-ReadTips41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayupsettheaudience’svisualexperienceduringaratherformalmeeting?A.Templatescustomizedforthecorrespondingacademicfields.B.Calmandsoftbackgroundcolorscombinedwithtextsusinghigh-contrastcolors.C.Adiagramdirectlycapturedfromapaperviaprintscreenkeyonthekeyboard.D.Ideasdescribedinaneasyformandappropriatenumberoftechnicalterms.42.Sherylispreparingforherannualacademicmedicaloutcomepresentation.Followingisoneofherslides.Tomodifytheunproperplace(s),sheshouldrefertoSort________oftips.A.1 B.2 C.1and4 D.1,2,3and4(C)AttemptstogeneticallyengineertheAmericanchestnuttree(Darling58)havefailed,exposingtherisksofrushedsolutionstocomplexproblems.InDecember2023,theAmericanChestnutFoundation(TACF)announceditwasendingitsyears-longefforttocreateablight-resistantchestnut.Thesetreesgrewpoorly,failedtoresistdisease,andoftendied.TheAmericanchestnut,onceabundantinEasternU.S.forests,wasdestroyedbyblightintheearly1900s.Somesurvivingtreessproutedfromstumpsorresistedthediseasenaturally.Effortstorestorethespecieshavedividedscientistsintotwocamps:oneadvocatingfornaturalrestorationandtheotherforgeneticengineering(GE).TheGEapproachstartedin1989,ledbyresearchersatSUNY-ESFwithbackingfromindustryplayerslikeDukeEnergy,andMonsanto.In2020,researcherssoughtUSDAapprovaltoderegulateDarling58.Thetreewasengineeredwithawheatgenetocombattheacidproducedbychestnutblight.However,criticsarguedthetestingperiodwastooshorttopredictthetree’slong-termimpact.TheproposedplantospreadGEtraitsthroughwildforestssparkedfearsofecologicalharm.By2023,itwasrevealedthatyearsofresearchhadmistakenlyusedthewrongtreevariety(Darling54).TACFwithdrewsupport,citingpoorresults,reducedsurvivalrates,andcommercialconflictsinvolvingafor-profitcompany.Despitesetbacks,SUNY-ESFcontinuestopushforUSDAapproval,claimingthetreesaresafe.Meanwhile,organizationsliketheAmericanChestnutCooperatorsFoundationfocusonnaturalmethods,breedingpurechestnutswithblightresistance.HybridizationwithChinesechestnutsisanothermethodunderdevelopment.TheDarling58debaclehighlightstherisksofgeneticengineeringandcommercialmotivesbehindGEtrees.CriticsarguethatGEislessaboutforesthealthandmoreaboutprofitsfromfaster-growingorindustriallymodifiedtrees.Asthedebatecontinues,thelessonremainsclear:sciencemustproceedcautiously,especiallywhendealingwithlong-livingspeciesliketrees.43.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto________.A.criticizetheuseofgeneticengineeringonchestnuttreesinforestrestoration.B.describethemainhistoryoftheAmericanchestnuttree’sdeclinesincethe1900s.C.explainthecontroversysurroundingtherestorationoftheAmericanchestnuttree.D.promotenaturalbreedingasthebestsolutionforchestnuttreerestoration.44.WhydidtheUSDApetitionforDarling58facecriticism?A.Thetestingperiodwasnotlongenoughtopredictlong-termeffects.B.Thegeneticallyengineeredtreeswerenotresistanttoblight.C.TheUSDAwasaccusedoffavoringgeneticengineeringcompanies.DThepetitiondidnotincludeinputfromenvironmentalscientists.45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Darling58chestnuttreeswereapprovedforwidespreadplantingin2023.B.NaturalmethodsofrestoringtheAmericanchestnutshownopromise.C.Criticsbelievethegeneticengineeringisprofit-drivenratherthanecological.D.TACFfullysupportsSUNY-ESF’seffortswithDarling58chestnuttrees.46.Whatcanbeinferredaboutreleasinggeneticallyengineeredtreesintothewild?A.ItmayleadtoderegulationandcommercializationofGEtrees.B.Itwillrapidlyrestoreecosystemswithminimalrisks.C.Itprovescorporateinterestsalignwithenvironmentalgoals.D.ItshowsGEismorereliablethannaturalrestoration.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thecomplexrelationshipbetweenmusicandmemoryisprofound.Musicactsasastrongtriggerforemotionsandmemories,transportingindividualsbacktospecificmomentsinthepast.Long-termmemorysplitsintoexplicitandimplicittypes.Explicitoneinvolvesconsciousrecall,likeacademiclearningandpersonalexperiences.Implicitmemoryworksautomatically,likeplayinginstrumentsorrememberinglyrics.____47____Itoftenlastsalifetimeevenwithoutpractice.DiseaseslikeAlzheimer’smainlyaffectexplicitmemorysystems.____48____Thisleadstoalikingforfamiliarpiecesduetothemereexposureeffect.Majorrecordlabelsuseitthroughfrequentairplaytoboostrecordsales.Implicitmemoryworkslikeclassicalconditioning,whereanevent,emotion,andsongbecomelinked.EltonJohn’s“CandleintheWind”isstronglyconnectedwithPrincessDianaasheperformeditatherfuneral.Music-triggeredmemoriesoftencomefromimportantlifestages,especiallybetweentheagesof10and30,knownasthe“reminiscencebump.”Musicfromthistimeismorelikelytobelinkedwithvividmemoriescomparedtootherperiods.Theteenageyearsandtwentiesarecrucialforformingmusicpreferences.____49____Ithelpsthemrecallvividmemoriesfromtheiryouth.Despiteseverememoryloss,peoplewithdementiaoftenremembermusicwell.Researchshowsself-chosenmusiccanbringbackpositivememoriesthatmightotherwisebehardtorecall.Musichelpsunlocknon-musicalmemoriesandimprovescommunicationamongolderadultswithAlzheimer’sdisease,asortofdiseaseconcerningone’slong-termmemory.Listeningtomusicfromimportantlifeevents,likeweddingsorfunerals,canbringaboutdeeplynostalgicandemotionalexperiences.____50____A.Itisnowwidelyusedtocurelotsofseverediseases.B.Thisemotionalconnectionallowsindividualstorecalldetailsoftheirpast.C.Music’sabilitytoreachthemindsofAlzheimer’spatientsisremarkable.D.Explicitmemoryfadeswithoutactiverecall,butimplicitmemoryisdurable.E.Implicitmemorycanformthroughpassivelisteningtobackgroundmusic.F.Rememberingthingsisoftenhard,butmusichelpsbringbackmemorieslinkedtoasong.III.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.InsidetheNFLFootballFactoryCheeringforyourfootballteamastheythrowalongpassisaclassicAmericantraditionthatstartedinthelate1800s.Today’sfootballs,oftencalled“pigskins,”arenolongermadefrompigbladders.Theyaremadefromcowhideleatherwithrubberinside.Eventhoughthematerialshavechanged,theshapeandsizeofNFLfootballshavestayedthesameforover100years.Dr.RabindraMehta,aformerNASAscientist,explainsthatafootballisdesignedtobemoreaerodynamicthanabaseball.Footballsaremadefromfourpiecesofleather,shapedlikeleavesandsewntogetherinsideout.Theleatheristhensteamedtomakeitsoftenoughtoturnright-sideout.Anairbladderisinserted,andthefootballislacedbyhand.Afootballisn’taperfectsphere(球體)butaprolatespheroid,whichmeansit’soval-shapedwithpointedends.Thisshapemakesiteasiertograspandhelpstheballtravellongerdistances.Thesurfaceofthefootball,includingthetextureoftheleather,thestitching,andthelaces,helpstheairflowstayattachedlonger,reducingdragcomparedtoaroundobjectlikeabaseball.Whenabaseballfliesthroughtheair,theairbendsaroundit,creatingdragthatslowsitdown.Golfballshavedimplesontheirsurfacetoreducedrag.Similarly,thetexturedsurfaceandcurvedshapeofafootballhelpcreateaturbulent(湍流的)layerofairaroundit,allowingairtostayattachedlongerandreducingdrag.MITprofessorAnetteHosoisaysit’shardtopredictdragonobjectslikefootballs.Dragdependsontheshapeoftheairbehindtheball,whichchangeswiththeball’sposition,speed,andsurfacetexture.Airtemperaturealsoaffectsdrag;w