韓城市2021~2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試題第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AJohannesGutenbergJohannesGutenberg,bornaroundtheyear1400inGermany,iswidelyregardedastheinventorofthemodernprintingpress.Beforeabout1450,mostbookswerewrittenorcopiedbyhand.Thismadethemextremelytime-consumingtoproduceandexpensivetobuy.Butin1455Gutenbergdevelopedamachinewhichcouldprintmultiplecopiesofthesamebook.Gutenbergdidnotachievefinancialsuccessasaresultofhisbreakthrough,buthisinventionhelpedtospreadknowledgeacrossEuropeandwasamajorfactorintheRenaissance.LouisBrailleBorninFrancein1809,LouisBraillebecameblindattheageofthreeafteranaccidentinhisfather’sworkshop.Whenhewasten,heearnedaplaceataspecialschoolforblindchildreninParis.In1821,CharlesBarbiera,aformersoldier,visitedtheschoolandtalkedaboutacodethathe’dinventedwhichallowedsoldierstoshareinformationonthebattlefieldwithoutspeaking.Impressedbythisidea,Louisworkedonhisowncodetohelptheblindread.ThecodethatLouisinventedhasbecomestandardthroughouttheworld.SamuelMorseSamuelMorse,bornin1791inMassachusetts,USA,startedhiscareernotasaninventorbutasanartist.Hehadgreatartistictalentandsoonbecamewell-knownforhisportraits,buthealsohadapassionfornewtechnology.In1832,whiletravellinghomebyseafromEurope,heoverheardaconversationaboutelectromagnetism,andthisgavehimtheideaforanewformofcommunication-theelectrictelegraph.Althoughotherinventorshaddevelopedsimilarmachine,Morse’sworkedbetterandheappliedforandgotthepatentin1837.AlexanderGrahamBellAlexanderGrahamBell,apioneerinthefieldoftelecommunications,wasbornin1847inEdinburgh,Scotland.Perhapsbecauseofhismother’shearingproblems,Bellhadaparticularinterestintheeducationofdeafpeople.Thisledhimtoinventthemicrophone.Bellwasnottheonlyinventorworkinginthisfield,buthislawyermanagedtosecuretheall-importantpatentwhichgaveBellownershipoftheidea.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothefourpeoplehaveincommon?A.Allofthemhadseveralfailuresbeforetheirsuccess.B.Allofthemhadamiserablelifeatthebeginning.C.Allofthemarepioneersintheirownareas.D.Allofthemmadeabigfortuneinlife.2.________hadanothercareerbeforestartingtoinvent.A.JohannesGutenberg B.SamuelMorseC.LouisBraille D.AlexanderGrahamBell3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LouisBraillewasinspiredbyamilitaryinvention.B.JohannesGutenberghadadifficulttimeduringhiseducation.C.SamuelMorsehelpedtoeducatepeopleinmanycountries.D.AlexanderGrahamBellsufferedaterribleinjuryatayoungage.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了世界上四個偉大的發(fā)明家?！?題詳解】根據(jù)第一個發(fā)明家“Gutenbergdidnotachievefinancialsuccessasaresultofhisbreakthrough,buthisinventionhelpedtospreadknowledgeacrossEuropeandwasamajorfactorintheRenaissance.(古騰堡的突破并沒有帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功，但他的發(fā)明有助于在歐洲傳播知識，是文藝復(fù)興的一個主要因素)”、第二個發(fā)明家“ThecodethatLouisinventedhasbecomestandardthroughouttheworld(路易斯發(fā)明的代碼已經(jīng)成為全世界的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”、第三個發(fā)明家“Althoughotherinventorshaddevelopedsimilarmachine,Morse’sworkedbetterandheappliedforandgotthepatentin1837(雖然其他發(fā)明家也開發(fā)了類似的機(jī)器，但莫爾斯的工作得更好，他在1837年申請并獲得了專利)”以及最后一個發(fā)明家“Bellwasnottheonlyinventorworkinginthisfield,buthislawyermanagedtosecuretheall-importantpatentwhichgaveBellownershipoftheidea(貝爾不是這個領(lǐng)域唯一的發(fā)明家，但他的律師設(shè)法獲得了至關(guān)重要的專利，讓貝爾擁有了這個想法)”可知，四位發(fā)明家在各自的領(lǐng)域都是先驅(qū)者。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SamuelMorse部分中“SamuelMorse,bornin1791inMassachusetts,USA,startedhiscareernotasaninventorbutasanartist(塞繆爾·莫爾斯，1791年出生于美國馬薩諸塞州，他的職業(yè)生涯不是作為一個發(fā)明家，而是作為一個藝術(shù)家)”可知，SamuelMorse之前是一位藝術(shù)家，即SamuelMorse在開始發(fā)明前有另一個事業(yè)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LouisBraille部分中“In1821,CharlesBarbiera,aformersoldier,visitedtheschoolandtalkedaboutacodethathe’dinventedwhichallowedsoldierstoshareinformationonthebattlefieldwithoutspeaking.Impressedbythisidea,Louisworkedonhisowncodetohelptheblindread.(1821年，退伍軍人CharlesBarbiera參觀了這所學(xué)校，并談到了他發(fā)明的一種密碼，這種密碼可以讓士兵在戰(zhàn)場上不用說話就能分享信息。這個想法給路易斯留下了深刻的印象，他編寫了自己的代碼來幫助盲人閱讀)”可知，Braiile的發(fā)明靈感來自于一項軍事發(fā)明。故選A。BSix“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000yeas,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jadesandtextileswereunearthedfromthesite.SanxingduisiteislocatedinSanxingduiTown,GuanghanCity,SichuanProvince,onthesouthbankofQianjiangRiver(YangtzeRiver),atributaryofTuojiangRiverinthenorthofChengduPlain.Thesitecoversanareaofabout12squarekilometers,andthecoreareaistheancientcityofSanxingdui,withanareaofabout3.6squarekilometers.Itisthelargestandhighest-gradecentralsitefoundinSichuanBasinduringtheXiaandShangperiod.Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,theworkofexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits-widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.InvestigationintheareaaroundNo.1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo.3pitwasfoundinDecember2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirtyfourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstituteshavecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986.MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.AnddetailedresearchbeganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitsinordertopreventthesitefromfurtherdamage.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewillbecomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Check. B.Dig. C.Exploitation. D.Extension.5.HowdidarchaeologistsprotecttheSanxingduisite?A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.C.ByconductingmoreexperimentsaroundthesiteD.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.6.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?A.Thesizeofthecorezoneisabout1/3ofSanxingduisite.B.ThediscoveryofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin2019C.Thereare6sacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisiteinall.D.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SanxingduiDiscoveriesRevealAncientChinaB.SanxingduiSiteNeededProtectingC.SacrificialPitsWereUnearthedinSanxingduiSiteD.Hi-techHelpedtoExploreSanxingduiSite【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。文章按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作及意義?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)該詞所在句子“However,theworkofexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered.(當(dāng)兩個祭祀坑被意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，三星堆大規(guī)模的excavation1986年才真正開始)”可推測，該劃線詞的意思是“挖掘、發(fā)掘”，即三星堆最大規(guī)模的發(fā)掘工作1986年才開始。故畫線詞意思是“挖掘；發(fā)掘”。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitsinordertopreventthesitefromfurtherdestruction.(為了防止遺址進(jìn)一步被破壞，在坑內(nèi)設(shè)置了裝有高科技設(shè)備的挖掘艙)”可知為了更好地保存該址，考古學(xué)家采用配備高科技設(shè)備的挖掘艙保護(hù)三星堆遺址。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycovers3.6squarekilometers.(三星堆遺址占地面積12平方公里，其古城核心區(qū)占地3.6平方公里)”可知，核心區(qū)面積約為三星堆遺址的1/3。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Six“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000yeas,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jadesandtextileswereunearthedfromthesite.(在中國西南部四川省廣漢市三星堆遺址新發(fā)現(xiàn)了6個距今3200至4000年的“祭祀坑”。該遺址出土了500多件文物，包括金面具、青銅器、象牙、玉器和紡織品)”以及全文按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作可知，C項“三星堆遺址出土了祭祀坑”可以概括文章，作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C。CMostpeopleknownottotouchajellyfish(水母)butsomejelliescanstingpeoplewithouttouchingthem—byconnectingtinybitsfromtheirbodythatfloatoffintotheseaandmovearoundindependently.Upside-downjellyfishthrowsmallballsofstingingcellsinanetworkofstickymucus(黏液),tokillpreysuchasshrimp.“Itisasifwecouldspitoutourteethandtheykilledthingforussomehow,”saysCherylAmesatTohokuuniversityinJapan.“It’sarealrevolutionarynovelty.”Upside-downjellyfish,severalspeciesofthegenusCassiopea,liveinwarmcoastalwatersoffFlorida,Australia,theRedSeaandsoutherlypartsoftheMediterranean.Theirstingsaren’tgenerallyseenasdangerous,buttherehavebeenoccasionalreportsof“stingingwater”aroundthem.“It’sreallyirritating.You’reconstantlybeingstungonanysurfacethat’sexposed,”saysAmes.NowAmes’sgrouphasfoundthatthishappensbecausethecreaturesshedhollowballsofstingingcellsuptohalfamillimeterwide.Namedcassiosomes,theycarryhairsthatcanmakethemfloataroundincirclestoboosttheirchancesofhittingprey.“Itwasareallyamazingmomentwhenwealltookturnsinlookingthroughthemicroscopeandsawthereweretiny,littlethingsmovingaboutinthemucus,”saysAmes.Thejelliesreleasedcassiosomesandmucuswhenbrineshrimp,theirnaturalprey,wereputintheirtank.Thecassiosomescouldkilltheshrimpwithinaminute.Inthewild,thedeadshrimparethensuckedintothejellies’bodybytheirpulsatingmotions.Andthesejelliestendtofloatatthebottomoflakes,andextendtheirnetworksofmucustofloatabovethem.“Themucusmaynotbeeasilyvisibletoswimmers,”saysAmes.Theuniquefeedingmechanismisn’tthejelliesmainsourceofnutrients.Theyalsohavealgaeinsidethem,whichphotosynthesize.Andthereasonwhythejelliesfloatupsidedownistoexposetheseplantcellstothesun.Thecassiosomesalsocontainalgae,whichmightprovidetheenergyforthemtofloataround-theycouldsurviveoutsidethejelliesforupto10daysinthelab.8.WhatdoesCherylAmesthinkofthejellyfish’swaytocatchfood?A.Fresh. B.Mysterious C.Terrible. D.Unacceptable.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutcassiosomes?A.Theycaneasilybenoticedbytheswimmers.B.Theycansendtheshrimptothejelliesthemselves.C.Theyarespreadinthemucusreleasedbythejellyfish.D.Theyusetheirhairtoattracttheshrimp.10.Whydothejelliesfloatupsidedown?A.Toprotectthemselvesfromthesun.B.Tohidethemselvesfromtheenemy.C.Totransportalgaetothecassiosones.D.Togetmoreenergyprovidedbyalgaeinside.11Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A.Travelabroad. B.Underthesea. C.Business. D.Religion.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了水母能通過周圍的水來蜇傷人們以及解釋了其原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Itisasifwecouldspitoutourteethandtheykilledthingforussomenow,”saysCherylagesatTohokuuniversityinJapan.“it’ssarealrevolutionarynovelty.”(日本Tohoku大學(xué)的CherylAmes說：“就好像我們可以吐出牙齒，它們現(xiàn)在為我們殺死一些東西?！薄斑@是一個真正的革命性的新奇事物?！?可知，CherylAmes認(rèn)為水母捕食的方式是很新奇的。故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Namedcassiosomes,theycarryhairsthatcanmakethemfloataroundincirclestoboosttheirchancesofhittingprey.“Itwasareallyamazingmomentwhenwealltookturnsinlookingthroughthemicroscopeandsawthereweretiny,littlethingsmovingaboutinthemucus,”saysAmes.Thejelliesreleasedcassiosomesandmucuswhenbrineshrimp,theirnaturalprey,wereputintheirtank.(它們叫做cassiosomes，它們攜帶著毛發(fā)，這些毛發(fā)可以使它們在空中盤旋，以增加它們擊中獵物的機(jī)會。“當(dāng)我們輪流通過顯微鏡觀察時，看到粘液中有微小的東西在移動，這真是一個令人驚奇的時刻,”Ames說。當(dāng)把它們的天然獵物鹵蝦放進(jìn)它們的水箱時，水母釋放出cassiosomes和黏液)”可知，cassiosomes散布在水母釋放的粘液中。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theuniquefeedingmechanismisn’tthejelliesmainsourceofnutrients,Theyalsohavealgaeinsidethem,whichphotosynthesize(進(jìn)行光合作用).Andthereasonwhythejelliesfloatupsidedownistoexposetheseplantcellstothesun.(獨特的進(jìn)食機(jī)制并不是水母的主要營養(yǎng)來源，它們體內(nèi)還有藻類，可以進(jìn)行光合作用。這些水母之所以能上下顛倒，是因為它們能將這些植物細(xì)胞暴露在陽光下)”可知，水母之所以上下顛倒，是因為水母體內(nèi)還有藻類，這樣就能使藻類暴露在陽光下，從而進(jìn)行光合作用，獲得一些能量。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostpeopleknownottotouchajellyfishbutsomejelliescanstingpeoplewithouttouchingthem-byconnectingtinybitsfromtheirbodythatfloatoffintotheseaandmovearoundindependently.(大多數(shù)人都知道不要碰水母，但有些水母可以在不碰人的情況下蜇人——通過連接身體上漂浮到海里并獨立移動的微小部分)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了水母如何在水中蟄傷人的。由此推知，本文可能出現(xiàn)在海中生物這一板塊。故選B。DOnceuponatime,sciencefictionwasjustastyleamongotherstyles.Therewerecrimestories,therewerehorrorstories,therewasliteraryfiction,andtherewassciencefiction.Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It’sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn’tinvolvescience.Andit’snotjustbooks.Witheverysecondmovieandcomputergamehavingasci-fielement,sciencefictionseemstohavecontrolledourentireentertainmentculture.It’sclearthatifwewanttodefinesciencefiction,weshouldrelateittotherolethatscienceplaysinourlives.Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcenturywhenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.Factorieswithvastmachinesturnedouthugequantitiesofgoods,whichweretransportedbytrains,motorvehiclesandshipsallovertheworld.Citieswerebuiltonthebackoftechnology,withelectricityinhomesandhospitalshelpingeveryonetoleadhealthier,moreconvenientlives.Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople’sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.Writersbegantodescribethesechangingphysicalandmentallandscapes,eventuallygivingsciencefictionalargeanddevotedfanbaseofespeciallyyoungreaders,whofoundthatitspoketotheircuriosityaboutthefuturethatsciencewouldcreate.Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells’TheWaroftheWorld’s(1897).Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization—thatofmenfromMars.Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“l(fā)ittlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.Giventhatscience,technologyandpolitiesarealwaysintertwined,contemporarysciencefictionoftenhasagreatdealtosayaboutpower.Manyrecentnovels—likeAmericanCoryDoctorow’sLittleBrother(2008)—areconcernedwithgovernmentandsecurityservice“conspiracies(陰謀)”againstthepeople,particularlyastherevelationsofwhistleblowerslikeEdwardSnowdensinkin.Thiscangivesci-fiwritinga“skeptical(懷疑的)”feel.Thisunderlinesoneofthefeaturesthatremainsconstantbetweenthebeginningsoftheempireofsciencefictionanditsstatetoday.Asthen,sonow:Wewanttoreadabouthowfearfulthefuturewillbe,nothowitwillbeaparadise.12.Whatcanweknowaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Sciencefictionusedtotaketheleadershipinliterature.B.Horrorstoriesandliteraryfictionhaveinitiatedsciencefiction.C.Modernfictionreflectstheinfluenceofsciencefiction.D.Sciencefictionisthedominantliteraturestyleatthepresenttime.13.Whatcausedsciencefictiontoappearinthe19thcentury?A.Thecuriosityofyoungreadersaboutthefuture.B.Thechangesthattheindustrialrevolutionbroughtabout.C.People’sstretchedimaginationaffectedbytheirreallife.D.People’sfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.14.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheearlysciencefiction?A.Itarousedpeople’scuriosityofscienceaboutdailylife.B.Itintensifiedpeople’sworriesaboutthesocialproblems.C.Itpromotedpeople’sunderstandingofthetruevalueofscience.D.Itconveyedanatmosphereofimaginaryanxietiestopeople.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimpactofsciencefiction. B.Thedevelopmentofsciencefiction.C.Thecontentofsciencefiction. D.Thecharacteristicofsciencefiction.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科幻小說對其他文體的影響，并介紹其起源和現(xiàn)代科幻小說與以前的不同。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.(但今天，科學(xué)主題主導(dǎo)了其他風(fēng)格。很難想象有多少現(xiàn)代犯罪、恐怖或“嚴(yán)肅”小說不涉及科學(xué))”可知，現(xiàn)代小說受到了科幻小說的影響。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.(盡管一些專家聲稱科幻小說可以追溯到古代，但更合理的說法是科幻小說最早出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)，那時工業(yè)社會剛剛興起)”和“Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.(所有這些變化不僅對人們的現(xiàn)實生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，而且對他們想象中的生活也產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。)”可知，工業(yè)革命帶來的變化導(dǎo)致科幻小說出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)。故選B。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.(但科幻小說反映的更多的是對科學(xué)的恐懼，而不是希望。這些典型的早期科幻小說可能是一部英國小說，如H.G.Wells的《世界大戰(zhàn)》(1897)。Wells以高超的技巧，通過想象地球受到來自火星的人類文明的威脅，演繹了人們對科技的恐懼)”可知，早期的科幻小說向人們傳達(dá)了一種想象中的擔(dān)心和恐懼氣氛。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcenturywhenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.（雖然一些專家聲稱科幻小說可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時代，但更合理的是，它的最初形式是在19世紀(jì)工業(yè)社會出現(xiàn)的時候。工業(yè)社會區(qū)別于其他社會的特點之一是科學(xué)在日常生活中發(fā)揮的作用越來越大）”以及文章第六段“Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“l(fā)ittlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.(今天的科幻小說表達(dá)了計算機(jī)革命、機(jī)器人和我們面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)的影響，而對“來自火星的小綠人”和過去科幻小說的其他主題關(guān)注較少)”可知文章介紹了科幻小說對其他文體的影響，并介紹了其起源以及現(xiàn)代科幻小說與以前的不同，因此主要講的是科幻小說的發(fā)展。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Animmigrantisapersonwhohascometolivepermanentlyinaforeigncountry.____16____.Immigrantsmovetoothercountriesfordifferentreasons.Somepeoplemovebecauseofwar,politicaloreconomicproblems,ornaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandfloods.____17____,whileothersarelookingforbetterlivingconditions.Whereareimmigrantsmovingfrom?____18____?OneofthelargestimmigrationflowsisfromLatinAmericaandAsiatotheUnitedStates.AnotherimmigrantflowisfromEasternEurope,theformerSovietRepublicsandNorthAfricatoWesternEurope.ManyimmigrantsalsomovefromAfricaandAsiatotheMiddleEast.IncountriessuchasSaudiArabia,90%ofthetotalpopulationisnowforeignborn.____19____,theyoftenliveinurbanneighborhoods.Asaresultofimmigration,manycityneighborhoodschange.Immigrantsopennewstores,restaurantsandotherbusinesses.Forexample,thehistoricEsquilinoneighborhoodinRomeisnowthehomeofalargenumberofChineseimmigrants.TherearealsomanynewimmigrantsfromAlbanian,Moldova,BulgariaandUkraine.InsomeschoolsinAthens,50%ofthechildrenareforeignborn.____20____.InLosAngeles,37%ofthepopulationisforeignborn,andchildreninthepublicschoolsspeak82differentlanguages.InNewYork,40%ofthepopulationisforeign,andchildrenspeak140differentlanguagesintheschools.A.AndwhatcountriesaretheymovingtoB.WhenimmigrantsarriveinanewcountryC.ImmigrantshavecontributedtoBritishcultureinmanywaysD.SomeimmigrantsarereunitedwiththeirfamiliesorgetmarriedE.Morethan145millionimmigrantsliveoutsidetheirnativecountriesF.Moreover,LosAngeleshasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrantsG.LosAngelesandNewYorkaretwocitiesintheUSwithverylargeimmigrantpopulations【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了世界各地的移民趨向。【16題詳解】上文“Animmigrantisapersonwhohascometolivepermanentlyinaforeigncountry.”(移民是指在外國永久居住的人。)介紹了移民是什么，E項“超過1.45億移民生活在他們的祖國之外?！笔乔拔囊泼竦难a(bǔ)充說明。故選E項。【17題詳解】下文“whileothersarelookingforbetterlivingconditions.”(而其他人則在尋找更好的生活條件。)中的while可知，空處和下文是對比關(guān)系，D項“一些移民與家人團(tuán)聚或結(jié)婚?！狈希渲衧ome與后文whileother對應(yīng)，解釋移民的兩種歸宿。故選D項?！?8題詳解】下文“OneofthelargestimmigrationflowsisfromLatinAmericaandAsiatotheUnitedStates.”(最大的移民流之一是從拉丁美洲和亞洲流向美國。)說明移民們的移居方向，A項“他們要移居到哪些國家？”提問移民的移居方向，符合題意。故選A項。19題詳解】下文“Asaresultofimmigration,manycityneighborhoodschange.”(由于移民的影響，許多城市的街區(qū)都發(fā)生了變化。)說明移民影響了城市街區(qū)，B項“當(dāng)移民來到一個新的國家?！苯忉尯笪?，由于移民來到新國家通常住在城市，導(dǎo)致許多城市的街區(qū)都發(fā)生了變化。故選B項?！?0題詳解】下文“InLosAngeles,37%ofthepopulationisforeignborn,andchildreninthepublicschoolsspeak82differentlanguages.InNewYork,40%ofthepopulationisforeign,andchildrenspeak140differentlanguagesintheschools.”(在洛杉磯，37%的人口是在外國出生的，公立學(xué)校的孩子說82種不同的語言。在紐約，40%的人口是外國人，孩子們在學(xué)校里說140種不同的語言。)說明移民為洛杉磯和紐約帶來的變化，G項“洛杉磯和紐約是美國兩個移民人口非常多的城市。”總述洛杉磯和紐約的移民人口非常多，符合題意。故選G項。第三部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Howardwalkedacrossthevastdesertplanningtowalkthroughitforonemonth.Twenty____21____passed,thejourneyhadbeenso____22____anditseemedthathehadenoughfoodandwatertofinishit.“I’llbeabletowalkoutofthis____23____”hethoughtgladly.Butthedesert____24____caredfortravelers.____25____thisideacoulddisappear,thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly.Hehurriedly____26____hisheadwiththeclothes,lyingonthesand.Afterabouttenminutes,thesandstormstopped.Whenheshooktheclothesandstoodup,hefoundahorriblething:thebackbag____27____withfoodandwaterwassweptawaybythe____28____.Now,heonlyhada(n)____29____left.Hehelditinhishandstightly.“Oh,nottoobad,_____30_____Ihaveapear,”hethought_____31_____himself,determinedtowalkoutofthedesert.Onedayandonenightpassedquickly,butthedesertstillseemedtohavenoend.Hunger,thirstand_____32_____ofdeathfollowedHowardclosely._____33_____,eachtimehewantedto_____34_____,heforcedhimselftostareatthepearthathehadbeen_____35_____:“Nottoobad,atleastIhaveapear.”Asmallpearbecamethe_____36_____forhissurvivalandthesourceofhiscourage.Threedayslater,whenhe_____37_____avillagenotfaraway,hefellontotheground.Butafterall,hewalkedoutofthedesertand_____38_____aswell.Tokeephopeisoneofthebestwaystoachieve_____39_____,sonevertellyou“_____40_____left”.Aslongasyoutrytosearch,youcanalwaysfindthat“pear”topullyouthrough.21.A.years B.months C.weeks D.days22.A.smooth B.hopeless C.impossible D.terrible23.A.forest B.desert C.garden D.village24.A.once B.ever C.never D.always25.A.Before B.After C.When D.Since26.A.sewed B.covered C.matched D.cleaned27.A.tied B.put C.pulled D.equipped28.A.rain B.fog C.sandstorm D.snowstorm29.A.apple B.pear C.orange D.banana30.A.atmost B.atleast C.ontime D.onpurpose31.A.to B.on C.of D.about32.A.shock B.joy C.fear D.excitement33.A.Altogether B.Besides C.Therefore D.However34.A.standup B.lookup C.giveup D.putup35.A.eating B.cooking C.watching D.keeping36.A.sadness B.injury C.hope D.interest37.A.spotted B.desired C.settled D.occupied38.A.died B.survived C.breathed D.coughed39.A.success B.failure C.agreement D.experience40.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.B30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.D36.C37.A38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了Howard在沙漠中遭遇沙塵暴，當(dāng)失去他的食物和水后，將唯一剩下的一只梨視作希望，最后成功走出沙漠存活下來的故事。故事告訴我們，只要一直保持希望，就有可能獲得成功。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：二十天過去了，旅程是如此順利，他似乎有足夠的食物和水完成它。A.years年；B.months月；C.weeks周；D.days天。根據(jù)“planningtowalkthroughitforonemonth”可知，計劃一個月完成旅行，此處已經(jīng)過了20天。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.smooth順利的；B.hopeless無望的；C.impossible不可能的；D.terrible可怕的。根據(jù)“anditseemedthathehadenoughfoodandwatertofinishit.”可知，20天內(nèi)，旅行很順利。故選A項。23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我可以走出這片沙漠了，”他高興地想。A.forest森林；B.desert沙漠；C.garden花園；D.village村莊。根據(jù)第一句“thevastdesert”可知，Howard認(rèn)為自己可以走出這片沙漠。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但沙漠從不照顧旅行者。A.once一次；B.ever曾經(jīng)；C.never從不；D.always總是。根據(jù)“But”及“thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly”可知，沙漠從不照顧旅行者，沙塵暴來了。故選C項。【25題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這個想法還沒消失，沙塵暴就突然來了。A.Before在……之前；B.After在……之后；C.When當(dāng)……時；D.Since自從。根據(jù)“____5____thisideacoulddisappear,thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly.”可知，沙塵暴在Howard想法消失之前到來。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他急忙用衣服蒙住頭，躺在沙子上。A.sewed縫補(bǔ)；B.covered覆蓋；C.matched匹配；D.cleaned清理。根據(jù)語境可知，沙塵暴來了，并結(jié)合“withtheclothes”可知，Howard用衣服覆蓋住頭。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他抖著衣服站起來時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一件可怕的事情：裝著食物和水的背包被沙塵暴卷走了。A.tied綁；B.put放；C.pulled拉；D.equipped裝備。根據(jù)“thebackbag”以及“withfoodandwater”及前文“ahorriblething”可知，沙塵暴過后，Howard發(fā)現(xiàn)裝有食物和水的背包不見了。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.rain雨；B.fog霧；C.sandstorm沙塵暴；D.snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪。根據(jù)“thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly”可知，背包被沙塵暴卷走了。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，他只剩下一只梨了。A.apple蘋果；B.pear梨；C.orange橙子；D.banana香蕉。根據(jù)下文“Ihaveapear”可知，Howard只剩下了一只梨。故選B項。【30題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：“哦，還不錯，至少我還有一只梨?！彼南?，決定走出沙漠。A.atmost至多；B.atleast至少；C.ontime按時；D.onpurpose故意地。根據(jù)“Oh,nottoobad”可知，Howard安慰自己說，不算太壞，至少還有一只梨。故選B項?！?1題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.to對著；B.on在……上；C.of屬于……的；D.about關(guān)于。thinktooneself為固定短語，意思為：心里想，前一句“Oh,nottoobad,___10____Ihaveapear”為內(nèi)心的想法。故選A項。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天一夜很快過去了，但沙漠似乎還是沒有盡頭，饑餓、干渴和死亡的恐懼緊緊地跟著霍華德。A.shock震驚；B.joy歡樂；C.fear恐懼；D.excitement興奮。根據(jù)“hunger,thirst”及“ofdeath”可知，Howard被死亡的恐懼籠罩著。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：可是，每當(dāng)他想放棄的時候，他都強(qiáng)迫自己盯著他一直留著的梨：“還不錯，至少我還有一個梨。”A.Altogether總之；B.Besides此外；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而?？仗幧衔拿枋鯤oward遭遇的困境，空后“Nottoobad,atleastIhaveapear.”可以看出，Howard仍然在堅持不放棄找到出路，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.standup站起來；B.lookup仰望，查閱；C.giveup放棄；D.putup舉起。根據(jù)“heforcedhimselftostareatthepear”可知，Howard在沙漠中一次次想要放棄。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.eating吃；B.cooking烹飪；C.watching觀看；D