Period4

UNIT1

Natureinthebalance主題語境人與自然

——自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)1．comeupwith想出，想到(1)comeup

走近；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；上來(2)comeupto

達(dá)到；符合；比得上(3)comeupagainst

碰到；遭遇到……的反對(duì)(4)putforward

提出[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①I'mafraidsomethingurgenthascome___.②TheirtriptoFrancedidn'tcomeup__expectations.③It'sherethatwecomeup_______thedifferenceofapproach.④盯住這些家伙，你永遠(yuǎn)不知道他們會(huì)想出什么來。Keepyoureyeonthesejokers，youneverknow_______________________．uptoagainstwhattheywillcomeupwith2．a(chǎn)pplicationn．應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用；申請(qǐng)(1)aletterofapplication

申請(qǐng)信anapplicationform

申請(qǐng)表app(application)

應(yīng)用軟件(2)applyv.

應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；手壓，腳踩applicantn.

申請(qǐng)者apply(tosb.)forsth.

(向某人)申請(qǐng)某物applyforauniversity/job

申請(qǐng)大學(xué)/工作applytodosth.

申請(qǐng)做某事applyoneselfto(doing)sth.

致力于(做)某事apply...to...

把……運(yùn)用到……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Weshouldapplytheories__practice.②Wehadrelativelyfew___________(apply)forthejob.③Pressure_______(application)tothewoundwillstopthebleeding.④審核你的申請(qǐng)需要一周時(shí)間。Itwilltakeaweek_____________________________________________________．toapplicationsappliedforyourapplicationtobeprocessed/toprocessyourapplication3．organizationn．組織，團(tuán)體；組織工作；安排；條理(1)organizevt.

組織；安排organizeameeting/party/trip

組織會(huì)議/聚會(huì)/旅行(2)organizedadj.

有組織的；有條理的organizern.

組織者[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Sheperformsanimportantroleinour____________(organize).②Shehasbeeninvolvedinthewaragainst_________(organize)crime.③Askthe_________(organize)orsomeonewhoattendedlastyear'sevent.④沒有你們機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助，我們不能做這件事。Wecan'tdoit_______________________________．organizationorganizedorganizerwithoutthehelpofyourorganization(1)trackdown

追蹤到(2)railwaytracks

鐵路軌道beontheright/wrongtrack

思路對(duì)頭/不對(duì)頭4．trackvt.&vi.跟蹤，追蹤n．足跡，蹤跡；小道；軌道；跑道；路線[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thepolicefailedtotrackthekiller______．②Theresearchprojectinvolves________(track)thecareersof400graduates.③He_______(track)downhiscousinanduncle，andthelatterwassick.④這不是正確答案，但你的思路是正確的。That'snottherightanswer，but______________________．downtrackingtrackedyouareontherighttrack省略省略是英語中非常重要的語法現(xiàn)象，其中狀語從句中的省略、定語從句中的省略、不定式中的省略是重點(diǎn)。省略的目的是避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞語，并使上下文緊密連接。[觀察例句]補(bǔ)全下列句子中省略的內(nèi)容①Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto(_________).②Workhardwhen(________)young，oryou'llregret.③Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology，andothers(_______)achangeoflifestyle.④(_________)Gotanyideas?⑤(______)Soundsgreat!watchityouarecallforHaveyouIt/That[歸納用法]一、簡(jiǎn)單句中句子成分的省略1．省略主語(You)Don'tleavemealone.不要把我一個(gè)人留在這兒。2．省略主語和謂語—Whichbookdoyouwant?——你想要哪一本書？—(Iwant)Theoneonthedesk.——書桌上的那本。二、并列句中句子成分的省略1．省略相同的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞In1975，thenumberofstudentsinourschoolwasaboutfivehundred，andin1981，(thenumberofstudentsinourschoolwas)overtwothousand.在一九七五年，我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是五百，在一九八一年是兩千多。2．省略相同的謂語SomeofusstudyEnglish；others(study)French.我們中的一些人學(xué)習(xí)英語；另一些人學(xué)習(xí)法語。3．省略相同的表語Heisn'tamemberoftheclub，buthisfriendBobis(amemberoftheclub).他不是這家俱樂部的成員，但是他的朋友鮑勃是。4．省略相同的謂語和賓語Bobhasn'twrittenhisreport，buthewillsoon(writehisreport).鮑勃還沒有寫報(bào)告，但是他馬上要寫。5．省略相同的謂語和狀語Johnwillsingintheparty，andMarywon't(singintheparty).約翰愿意在晚會(huì)上唱歌，瑪麗不愿意。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]——補(bǔ)全下列句子中省略的內(nèi)容①Louiswasthewinnerin1980andSimon(_____________)in1981．②(_______)Doesn'tlookverywelltoday.③(_)Hopetohearfromyousoon.④Allbodiesconsistofmolecules，andmolecules(_______)ofatoms.wasthewinnerHe/SheIconsist三、復(fù)合句中的省略1．賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的省略(1)及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句時(shí)，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果及物動(dòng)詞接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。Thescientisthastoldus(that)theEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.科學(xué)家告訴我們地球的大氣層確實(shí)在變暖，而這個(gè)問題主要是人為造成的。Ibelieve(that)beautycomesfromwithin.我相信美麗來自內(nèi)心。(2)when，where，how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有時(shí)可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞。ShewantstolearnEnglishwell，yetshedoesn'tknowhow(shecanlearnitwell).她想學(xué)好英語，但她不知道怎樣才能學(xué)好。2．定語從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which緊跟在介詞后時(shí)不能省略)。Theman(who/whom/that)youwanttomeethascome.你要見的人來了。(2)修飾way的關(guān)系詞that/inwhich作方式狀語時(shí)可以省略；注意，如果that/which作主語或賓語時(shí)則不省略。Doyouknowtheway(that/inwhich)workismeasured?你知道衡量工作的方式嗎？3．狀語從句中的省略(1)時(shí)間狀語從句中的省略When(shewas)veryyoung，shebegantolearntoplaytheviolin.她很小的時(shí)候就開始學(xué)習(xí)拉小提琴。(2)條件狀語從句中的省略條件狀語從句的省略形式為ifnecessary，ifpossible，iftrue等。另外unless，aslongas等詞或短語后也可用省略形式。Hewillcomeif(heis)asked.如果叫他來，他就來。If(itis)necessary，ringmeattwoo'clock.如果有必要，兩點(diǎn)給我打電話。(3)結(jié)果狀語從句中的省略sothat，so...that，such...that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可省略that.Iamsobusy(that)Ihavenotimetowritealetter.我是那么忙，寫信的時(shí)間都沒有。Therewassuchalotofrain(that)wecouldn'tgoout.雨那么大，我們沒法出去。(4)讓步狀語從句中的省略Heisagoodman，thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.他是個(gè)好人，盡管有時(shí)很無聊。(5)比較狀語從句中的省略as，than等引出的比較狀語從句通常省略謂語。Iknowyoubetterthanhe(does).我比他更了解你。Heisasquickinansweringashissister(is).他回答得和他妹妹一樣快。(6)方式狀語從句中的省略asif/asthough后還可加形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/動(dòng)詞-ing形式/動(dòng)詞-ed形式/動(dòng)詞不定式。Shetalkedasif(shewas)absent-minded.她談話似乎心不在焉。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]——補(bǔ)全下列句子中省略的內(nèi)容/單句語法填空①Ifeltworriedwhen(______)watchingthedocumentary.②Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideunless(________)fullycoveredinthickclothes.③Everythingwentonworsethan________(expect)，forshecouldn'trememberanything.④When_______(come)tolife，shefoundherselfinthehospital.Iwasyouareexpectedcoming四、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略1．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)上文已出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，to后常省略該內(nèi)容。如果to后面有be，be則通常保留。Hesayshe'sgoingtoleavethebigcity，butIwonderwhetherhereallywantsto(leavethebigcity).他說要離開這個(gè)大城市，但是我不知道他是否真想這么做?！狝ren'tyouthemanager?——難道你不是經(jīng)理嗎？—No，andIdon'twanttobe(themanager).——不是，我也不想當(dāng)。2．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)上文已出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，to后常省略該內(nèi)容。IfIforgettoringupMrSmith，wouldyouremindmeto(ringupMrSmith)?如果我忘了給史密斯先生打電話，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐液脝?？Whydidn'tyoucomeateight?Youweretoldto(comeateight).為什么沒有在八點(diǎn)來到呢？告訴過你的。3．當(dāng)不定式在begoingto，beableto，haveto，oughtto，usedto后作復(fù)合謂語時(shí)，to后常省略上文已出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。Theydon'tgoshoppingasmuchastheyusedto(goshopping).他們不像過去那樣經(jīng)常去購物了。注意：省略的不定式內(nèi)容若含有作助動(dòng)詞用的have或be的任何形式時(shí)，to后要保留have或be.Hedidn'tcome，butheoughttohave(come).他沒來，但他應(yīng)該來?！狝reyouateacher?——你是老師嗎？—No，butIusedtobe(ateacher).——不是，但我過去是。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]——單句語法填空①Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend，thoughIwouldlike__．②Iwouldmendyourradio，butIdon'tknowhow__．toto補(bǔ)全下列片段中的省略內(nèi)容1．Somebooksaretobetasted，others___tobeswallowed，andsomefew___tobechewedanddigested.2．Readingmakesafullman，conference_______areadyman，andwriting______anexactman.3．IkeptquietbecauseMarygetsveryembarrassedifanyonementionsJohn'sname.Idon'tknowwhy____________________________________________________．a(chǎn)rearemakesmakesMarygetsveryembarrassedifanyonementionsJohn'sname課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Extendedreading)①mattervi.要緊，有關(guān)系②studion．錄制室；演播室③hadsignificantenvironmentalcosts付出了高昂的環(huán)境代價(jià)拓展：significantadj.數(shù)量巨大的，顯著的④smogn．霧霾，煙霧拓展：smog是由smoke和fog兩個(gè)詞各取一部分縮合而成的一個(gè)新詞。⑤colour

vt.給……染色⑥irresponsibleadj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的⑦makehugeprofits牟取暴利⑧indefenceof為……作解釋或辯護(hù)⑨t(yī)heamountofpollution污染量⑩takingvariousmeasures采取各種措施?drawyourattentionto請(qǐng)您關(guān)注……?hasamajorroletoplayin在……起到重要作用。也可表示為playamajorrolein...?achieveabalance達(dá)到平衡?observev．遵守?inanenviron-mentallyfriendlyway以環(huán)保的方式，以有利于環(huán)境的方式?acommunity-wideeffort全社會(huì)共同努力?thebike-sharingsystem共享單車系統(tǒng)?oneandthesame意為“同一個(gè)(人或物)”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。?inseparableadj.(與某事物)不可分離的，分不開的；形影不離的?buildahumancommunitywithasharedfuture構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體Newsthat

Matters①：pollutioninNorgateHOST：GoodeveningandwelcometoNews

that

Matters.OurtopictodayispollutioninNorgate.Joiningusinthestudio②tonightareJamesSmith，alocalresident；VincentBrown，seniormanagerofalocalfactory；andJulieArcher，chiefoftheNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommittee.[1]Welcome.[1]Joining...是被前置的謂語部分，搭配連系動(dòng)詞are，其主語是are后面的所有內(nèi)容。Norgate'srapiddevelopmenthashadsignificantenvironmentalcosts③.MrSmith，you'velivedinthiscityforover20years.Howwouldyoudescribetheeffectsofpollutionoverthattime?SMITH：It'sbeenawful，really.WhenIfirstmovedhere，theairwasfresh，thegrassgreenandthewaterclear[2].Thenheavyindustryfactoriesmovedin，andthingsbecameentirelydifferent.Idon'tenjoyoutdooractivitiesanymore.Theriverisdirtyandsmelly.Thesmog④intheairhascoloured⑤theskyasmokygrey；it'salsogivenmeacoughthatIcan'tgetridof.Forhealthandsafetyreasonsalone，heavyindustryhastogo.[2]此處承前省略了was。HOST：MrSmithprotestedagainstheavyindustry.MrBrown，wouldyouliketorespond?BROWN：Well，I'msorryyoufeelthatway，MrSmith.Peopletendtoconnectfactorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsible⑥businessmeneagertomakehugeprofits⑦.Indefence

of⑧thefactories，however，I'dliketopointoutthatwealsotrytocontroltheamountofpollution⑨weproduce.[3]IthinkIspeakforallfactorymanagerswhenIsaywe'redeeplyconcernedabouttheenvironment.We'vebeentakingvariousmeasures⑩，includingtheuseofnewtechnologies，toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess，eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts.I'dalsoliketodrawyourattentionto?theeconomicbenefitsfactorieshavebroughttoNorgate[4].We'vecreatedmanyjobsforlocalresidentsandhelpedthecity'seconomygrow.[3]that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；weproduce是定語從句，修飾theamountofpollution，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或which。[4]此處為定語從句，修飾theeconomicbenefits，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that/which。HOST：Thankyou，Mr

Brown.Withpollutionlevelsontherise，theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.Mrs

Archer，whatareyourthoughtsonhowtodealwithpollution?ARCHER：Well，ourcommitteehasamajorroletoplayin?maintainingairandwaterquality.Wehavetoachieveabalance

?betweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment.We'vemadeenvironmentalpoliciesforbusinessestoobserve?，likestrictclean-uprequirements.Wealsoworkhandinhandwithotherbranchesofgovernmenttoensurethatdevelopmentstrategiesarefollowedinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway?.However，fightingpollutionisn'tjustataskforfactoriesandthegovernment.Ithastobeacommunity-wideeffort?，andeveryonecanhelpbyfollowingthegoldenrule：reduce，reuseandrecycle.Forexample，youcansaveenergybytakingthebusorthesubway，orusingthebike-sharingsystem?.HOST：Thankyou，MrsArcher，andthanksagaintoallofourguests.AformerUNofficialoncesaid，“Savingourplanet，liftingpeopleoutofpoverty，advancingeconomicgrowth...theseareoneandthesame?fight.”Thefortunesofourenvironmentandoureconomy