2024—2025學年內蒙古自治區(qū)興安盟科爾沁右翼前旗第二中學高二上學期12月月考英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(★★★)WomenscientistsaroundtheglobehavemadesignificantcontributionstoSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourfemalescientistswhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparity(宇稱理論)inphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.WhomadethegreatestcontributionstoNASA?

A．HedyLamarr.B．TuYouyou.C．KatherineJohns.D．WuChienshiung.2.WhyisTuYouyouconsideredasagreatperson?

A．Herresearchrescuedmillionsofpeople.B．SheisthefirstfemaleNobelPrizewinner.C．HerresearchoverturnedtheManhattanProject.D．Shediscoveredthemalariawithadeterminedeffort.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommon?

A．TheyallwontheNobelPrize.B．TheyalldevelopedatheoryofSTEM.C．Theyalldevotedthemselvestothemedicalfield.D．Theyallmadeanimportantinfluenceontheworld.(★★★)Whentravelingtoforeigncountries,masteringtheartofbodylanguageiskeyforperfecttravelexperience.Asabodylanguageexpert,it’seasyformetoseehowwecommunicatewiththosearounduswithoutevensayingaword.Iespeciallybelievetheimportanceoftheuniversallanguageofbodytalk.Atmosttimeswhentravelingabroad,itistheonlywaythatconnectseveryhumanbeing,nomatterthegeographiclocation.Asimplecustomorsignofrespectisvitaltounderstandbeforetakingflighttoyourdesireddestination.Forexample,itiscustomarytosimplyeatthefoodthatyouhavebeforeyouwhenweareoutatabusinesslunch.InAsiancustoms,businesslunchesarestrict.FinishingyourplateoreatingmostofthefoodyouorderedisconsideredrudeinAsianculture.“Bodylanguageteachesuseverythingaboutaperson,”saysBenjaminWey,aprofessorattwoEuropeanuniversities.“Myprofessionalcareerwouldbeentirelydifferentifitwerenotforbodylanguageandmyunderstandingofit.”FrequentlyvisitingbothEuropeandtheUS,Weyhascometounderstandthatinternationally,ourabilitytoactivelyrespectculturalcustomsbecomesthecurrencywithinbusiness.OnekeyelementthatWeyhastakenawayfromhistravelsabroadis“thatallpeoplewanttobetreatedwithrespect.”So,showyourrespect-andlearnmoreaboutthelocalcustomsandtraditionsorthespotsonyourroute.Gatheranunderstandingofwhatgesturesorexpressionsareconsidereduseful,andavoidthosethatmaybeoffensivetoyournewfriends.Thoughwestartedwithonelanguageincommon-bodylanguage,theculturesoftheworldhaveevolved(演化).Itisimportanttobeabletoidentifyandappreciatethesedifferences;itwillmakeourworldsmallerasaresult.4.Whydoestheauthorthinkbodylanguageisimportant?

A．Itmakesdifferentculturesgettingmorealike.B．Itcaneffectivelyshowyourrespecttoothers.C．Itallowsustoconnectwithpeopleanywhere.D．Itreplacestheneedforverbalcommunication.5.Whatdoesthepassageadvisetravelerstodotoimprovetheirtravelexperience?

A．Avoidmakinganygesturesatall.B．Finishthefoodyouorderintheplate.C．Learntousethelocallanguagefluently.D．Showrespectbyfollowinglocalcustoms.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offensive”meaninparagraph5?

A．Rude.B．Similar.C．Awesome.D．Practical.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A．Cross-culturalBodyLanguageB．TheTraditionalCuisineCultureC．APerfectTravelExperienceAbroadD．AGoodWaytoLearnForeignCultures(★★)AlbertEinstein(1879—1955)wasoneofthegreatestandmostoriginalscientificthinkersofalltime.BornofJewishparentsatUlminGermany,hecompletedhiseducationinSwitzerlandandgothisPh.D.attheUniversityofZurich.HewenttoliveintheUnitedStatesin1933becauseoftheriseofNazisminGermanyandHitler’spersecutionoftheJews.In1905,whilestillatZurich,hepublishedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,whichwasbasedonthingseveryonemayhavenoticed.Iftwotrainsarestandingalongsideeachotherandonetrainstartstomove,apersonsittinginthetrainmaywonderwhetherhisowntrainismovingortheotherismoving,andbeforehefindsoutwhatishappening,hecanseethatonetrainismovingrelativetotheother.Fromthisandalsofromothermorecomplicatedfacts,Einsteincametotheconclusionthatallmotion(運動)isrelativeandthatthereisreallynosuchthingasabsolutemotion.Someoftheotherconclusionshedrewarethatnothingcangofasterthanlight,andthatifsomethingsuchasarulerwasmovingfasterandfasteritwouldseemtogetshorterandshorterasitsspeedwasnearthespeedoflight.By1915,EinsteinhadmadeknownhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity.HealsoimprovedonNewton’stheoryofgravity.Mostofhistheorieshavebeentestedandfoundtobetruethoughsomemaysoundstrange.Forhisimportantworkhewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics.Towardstheendofhislife,EinsteinwasaskedbyagroupofstudentstoexplainhiscomplicatedTheoryofRelativity.Hesaid,“Whenyousitwithaprettygirlforanhour,itseemslikeaminute;butwhenyousitonahotstoveforaminute,itseemslikeanhour.Thatisrelativity.”8.In1933,EinsteinwenttoliveintheUnitedStatesbecause_________

A．helovedtheU.Smorethanhisowncountry.B．hehadgotsomefriendstherewithwhomhecouldwork.C．hewantedtolivequietlyandhappilythere.D．hecouldnolongerliveinGermanywhenHitlercameintopower.9.EinsteinpublishedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativitywhenhewas_________

A．intheUnitedStates.B．inUlm,GermanyafterhegothisPh.DC．stillinSwitzerlandattheageoftwentysix.D．stillattheUniversityofZurichattheageofthirtysix.10.Einsteinaddedthatifsomethingsuchasarulerwasmoving,itwouldseemtogetshorterandshorter_________

A．becausetheruleritselfwasshort.B．whenitwasmovingfasterandfaster.C．becausewecan’tseeitclearly.D．becausetherulerwasbrokenintopieces.11.AlbertEinsteinwasworldfamousforhis_________

A．SpecialTheoryofRelativity.B．GeneralTheoryofRelativity.C．improvingonNewton’stheoryofgravity.D．allhisworkmentionedabove.(★★★)CesareMencarinirecentlygraduatedfromhighschoolinEnglandwithexcellentgrades.Buthewasprobablymoreexcitedaboutthesuccesshehadthepreviousyear—buildingaworkingnuclearfusionreactor(核聚變反應堆)attheageof16.Fusionenergyiscreatedwhenhydrogenatoms“fuse”(融合)together.Manypeopleseefusionenergyastheperfectenergyforthefuture.Thefuel(燃料)neededforfusionreactionsischeap,andthere’splentyofit.Fusioncouldeasilyprovideenergywithverylittlepollution.Asachild,Cesarebecameinterestedinelectronics,andlearnedtoprogramcomputers.Whenhewasinhighschool,afterseeingavideoaboutsomeonebuildingafusionreactor,Cesaredecidedhewantedtobuildone,too.Initially,theschoolwasn’tsoexcitedabouttheidea.ButCesareworkedtopersuadehisteachers.Finally,afteracompletesafetyreview,andwithanextraadvisorofferingtohelpout,theschoolagreed.Cesarewasastrongstudent,butwhattroubledhimmostwasthathisregularclassesweren’tteachinghimhowtobuildafusionreactor.Tolearnthis,hespentcountlesshoursdoingresearch,lookingupinformationontheInternet,andwatchingvideos.Healsojoinedawebsitewherehegotadvicefromscientistswithmoreexperience.Stepbystep,workinglonghourswithhisphysicsteacherandhisadvisor,CesarebuiltthereactorandfinisheditlastJune.Overayearhaspassedsincethen.Cesarehascontinuedtoimprovethereactorbytrialanderror.He’soneoftheyoungeststudentstohavebuiltsuchanadvancedfusionreactor.ButforCesare,itwasn'tjustaboutthereactor.Itwasalsoaboutlearningbydoing,andaboutmakingconnectionswithotherpeopledoingsimilarthings.Nomatterwhichcollegehegoesto,he’llprobablycontinuetochangepeople’sideasabouthowmuchyoungpeoplecanachieve.12.Whatdoweknowaboutfusionenergy?

A．Itcostsalottoproduce.B．It’srarelyavailable.C．Itfullysolvesenergyshortage.D．It’senvironmentallyfriendly.13.WhatledCesaretobuildafusionreactor?

A．Insightintoprogrammingcomputers.B．Hischildhooddream.C．Inspirationfromastranger’sexperience.D．Encouragementfromteachers.14.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforCesare?

A．Helackedprofessionalknowledge.B．Hecouldn’tscreenoutexistingdanger.C．Hewasunabletofigureoutsomeconcepts.D．Hecouldn’tobtainenoughfundforresearch.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．CesareInventstheBestRenewableEnergyB．Studentof16BuildsNuclearFusionReactorC．BenefitsofScientificExperimentsinSchoolsD．Cesare’sOutstandingPerformanceafterClass(★★)Thinkbacktothelasttimeyoushoppedforfruitsandvegetables.Youmayhavenoticedsomeitemslabelledwiththeword“organic”.16“Organic”referstothewayfoodisgrown.Tobelabelledas“organic”,foodproductionmustmeetstrictguidelines.Thesecanbedifferentdependingonwhereyoulive.IntheUnitedStates,organicfoodsmustbegrownorraisedwithoutusingpesticidesorchemicalfertilizers.17ThatchangedaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Duringthe20thcentury,manyideasthatwereusedbyfactoriesandbigbusinesseswereputintoactiononfarms.Thishelpedsomefarmsgrowlargerandproducemore.However,theorganicmovementwasstartedtogetbacktotheoldtraditionalwaysoffarming.Why?Manybelievethechemicalsandpesticidesusedinmodernfarmingcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.18Andthosewhosupporttheorganicmovementalsopointtoitsbenefitsfortheenvironment.Haveyouevercomparedorganicandnon-organicfoodsatthegrocerystore?Ifso,youknowthatorganicfoodtendstocostmore.Thishappensformanyreasons.Organicfarmingproducesfewercrops.19Additionally,organicfarmsspendmoremoneytakingcareoftheanimalstheyraise.Theseandotherfactorsdrivethecostoforganicfoodup.Isorganicfoodworththeextracost?Somepeoplebelieveitis.Theymaythinkittastesbetterorjustprefertoeatfoodthathasnotbeengrownusingchemicals.20Theyarestilltryingtofindamajordifferencebetweenorganicandnon-organicfoodintermsofsafety,nutrition,ortaste.Still,othersarguethattheenvironmentalbenefitsoforganicfoodmakeitworththeprice.

A．Areyouwonderingiforganicfoodisrightforyou?B．Soitcostspeoplemuchmoremoneytopurchaseorganicfood.C．Formostofhistory,almostallfoodwasorganic.D．Itisalwaysbesttochooseorganicallygrownfoodsifpossible.E．Somealsothinkorganicfoodsarenaturallymorenutritious.F．Haveyoueverwonderedwhatthatmeans?G．Scientistshavestudiedorganicandnon-organicfoodsformanyyearsnow.二、完形填空(★★★)Peoplewithspeechandhearingdisabilitiesstruggletocommunicate.ButaschoolinSuffolk,Virginiaistryingtobringa_________change.LeisaDuckwall,theschool’sfoodnutritionserviceworker,isdeafandtheentireschoolisnowstudyingsignlanguage_________tocommunicatewithher.Duckwallfeels“_________”thateveryoneistryingtomakeefforts.ItbeganinKariMaskelony’sfourth-gradeclassroombeforespreadingtotherestoftheschool.Maskelonywas_________inahomewithhearingloss.Sheunderstandssignlanguage,butshehasobservedherlovedones’_________whenotherscouldn’tunderstandthem.Shesaid,“InoticedallthekidsrealizedMsDuckwallcouldn’thearthem.Buttheywereall_________towhattheywanted,andthen,she’dhavetopointandhavethemsayyesorno.”Maskelonystruckupa_________withDuckwallinthecafeteriaoneday.Thetwoexchangedcasualsignsuntiltheteacher_________andsaweveryoneinthecafeteriawasstaringatthem.An_________struckherandMaskelonyaskedherstudentsthenextday,“Doyouguyswanttolearnhowtosigntoherwhatyouwantforlunch?”Everyone____________.Thelecturebeganwithanoverviewofwhatstudentswouldneedtoknowinorderto____________withDuckwall.Theythenbeganlearningsignlanguageterms.Thestudentsdidn’tstopatthisandwantedtolearnmore.Thiscaughtthe____________ofschoolheadmasterJanetWright-Davis,whothoughtit’sagreatthingtoteachtheentireschool.Thenmorning____________aredeliveredthroughvideomonitorsinclassroomsatNansemondParkwayElementary.Studentsarenow____________tostudyingsignlanguage.Duckwallhopesthismight____________otherschoolstointroducesignlanguage.21.A．regularB．surprisingC．positiveD．unique22.A．vitallyB．specificallyC．particularlyD．apparently23.A．encouragedB．honouredC．relievedD．pleased24.A．promotedB．assessedC．raisedD．treated25.A．disappointmentB．doubtC．sufferingsD．losses26.A．referringB．takingC．reachingD．pointing27.A．debateB．discussionC．responseD．trade28.A．cameupB．wentaheadC．turnedaroundD．showedup29.A．ideaB．impressionC．exchangeD．inspiration30.A．consideredB．arrivedC．signedD．agreed31.A．talkB．communicateC．relaxD．deal32.A．attentionB．focusC．sightD．figure33.A．tasksB．presentationsC．schedulesD．announcements34.A．usedB．devotedC．limitedD．related35.A．inspireB．intend:C．driveD．force三、語法填空(★★)語法填空HOWDOIKNOWMYSTUDENTS?Asan36(educate),peopleoftenaskmehowIknowwhatisgoingoninthemindsofmystudents.MyansweristhatIlookattheirbodylanguage.Itiseasyforme37(recognise)whenstudentsareinterestedinalesson.Peoplehavea38(tend)toleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.Soifastudenthashishead39(lower)tolookathiswatch,itimpliesthatheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.Sometimessomestudentsare40(amuse)bysomethingelse.Sothemainthingisremindingdistractedstudents41theyneedtopayattentioninclass.While42iseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudents43(trouble).Ultimately,mydutyishelpingeverystudenttolearn.Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudents44(individual).Reactingtobodylanguageis45importantcomponentofbeingateacher.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假定你是李華，你校正在舉辦英語主題征文活動，請你寫一篇英語短文，介紹你最敬佩的人——袁隆平。1.人物簡介：1930年生于北京；畢業(yè)于西南農業(yè)大學（SouthwestAgriculturalCollege）;1974他研制成功的雜交水稻（hybridrice）用于農業(yè)。2.令人敬佩的原因。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、書面表達(★★)47.讀后續(xù)寫Iwasavolunteerforanorganisationatthebeginningofthisyear.Theorganisationisaimedathelpingchildrenwhosufferfromcancer.Oneday,wewereaskedtoraisemoneyforcancerresearchandprogrammefundingatanevent.SincemyfriendLisawasalsoavolunteerfortheorganisation,Iwenttotheeventwithher.Thereweremanypeopleattheevent.Afterseeingourposter,somepeoplecametousandtalkedwithus.Butfewpeopledonatedmoney.Itwasabithotthatday.BothLisaandIgotreallyupset.Halfanhourlater,Lisastartedcomplaining,“Idon’tthinkwecanraisemuchmoneytoday.”“Don’tworry.Theeventlastsforthreehours.There