2024北京高三一模英語匯編

七選五

一、閱讀理解

（2024北京門頭溝高三一模）Morethanaquarterhavetoenlargethefontsizeontheirmobilephonesothey

canreaditclearly.]Meanwhile,28%regularlysquint（昧眼看）atthescreen.Andallofthenaresignsof

eyedisorder.

“Theresearchhasshownoureyesarcnotdesignedtobefixedonasingleobjectforalongtime,especially

smallerlaptopsorsmartdevices.2Evenworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeye

syndrome,“saysGilesEdmonds,aclinicalservicedirector.

Dryeyesyndromeisaconditionwheretheeyesdonotmakeenoughtears,orthetearsevaporatetooquickly.

Herearesomesimplesolutionstopreventeyestrainandirritation,andpreserveyoureyehealthoverall.

Restyoureyes.

Followthe20:20:20rule,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlookatsomething20feetawayfor

atleast20seconds.3Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.

Adjustyourworkstation.

Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedcorrectly,aswellasmaking

fon:slarger.Also,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringitis15——20degrees

beloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.4

Reduceglare（眩光）.

5.Tryreducingthisbyattachingananti-glarescreentoyourmonitororlaptoptoavoidexternallight

shiningontothescreen.Glasseswearerscanalsohavelensestreatedwithananti-glarecoating.

A.Peopleshouldtrytoreducethetimespentonthescreen.

B.Onecanreadhisfavoritepaperbooksinsteadofc-books.

C.Haltconfessthey'reforcedtoenlargeimagestoseethemclearly.

D.Anotherthingtofbcusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.

E.Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthefocusingmusclesofyoureyes.

F.Reflectionsonyourcomputerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.

G.Theymayfeeluncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch（發(fā)癢）orburn.

（2024北京延慶高三一模）Doyouwanttobeacognitivesupcragerwhenyouareold?Justasyoutakesteps

towardsafuture-proofingbody,youcanenhanceyourbrain'sresiliencetoagc-rclatcddiseasebyboostingcognitive

reserve.

AndrewSommerlad,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry,discoversthepowerofcognitivereserveinstudiesof

olderpeoplewhoshowsignsofAlzheimer's（B可爾茲海默癥）intheirbrains.6Actually,threeyearsago,

colleaguesofSommerladhadalsopublishedfindingsfromStudyofAgeing.Theyshowedthathigherlevelsof

cognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdementia.

7Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptomsofbrainchangesassociatednotjust

withdementiabutwithotherbraindiseases.Italsohelpsyoutofunctionbetterforlongerwhenfacingunexpected

lifeeventsasyougetolder.

Howdoyouimproveit?Theyoungeryouimplementthingsthatwillbolsterit,thebetter.Forexample,youcan

dotasksthatchallengesyourbrainability,likecrosswords,reading,givingimpromptuspeechandcriticalthinking.

8So,domind-bodypracticeslikeyoga,TaiChiormeditationtoreducestressisalsoimportant.Thiscanhelp

youbalancetheperiodsofmentaldemandandrelaxation.

9ideally,seventoninehoursisoptimalforenhancingcognitivereserve.Startbyimprovingyoursleep

hygienewithstepssuchasavoidingelectronicscreens.

Cognitivereserveisdevelopedthroughalifetimeofeducation,curiosityandpersistence.10

A.Ilseffectsarewidereaching.

B.Additionally,maintainregularsleeppatterns.

C.Soplanaheadtomakesureyoukeepcognitivelybusyandengaged!

D.Therearewaysyoucanimprovesleep,fbrbothyoungandoldpeople.

E.Itsuggeststhatdevelopingagoodcognitiveresenecanbepowerfullyprotective.

F.However,thinkingtoohardfortoolongmaywearyouout,hurtingcognitivereserve.

G.Theycopebetterwithpathological（病理上的）changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitivereserve.

（2024北京東城高三一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選

項中有兩項為多余選項。

Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pockct,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticea

briefmomentwhenthe"oldnews"isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayfor

thenext"breakingnews".11It'sendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.

Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweare

ovenvhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（認知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.12

Thus,whileourattentioncanwatchhours,ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescant

13WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrain

mighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhen

twotasksarcperformedatthesametime.

Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.

Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearcthreetipstogetyougoing:

Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkare

reallyvaluable.

Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdorid（hedistractions.14Say,"Iwillonlyreadthis

magazineafterdinner.Multitaskingisforshew：single-taskingkforpros.

Acceptyourlimits-yon'llneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethat

fact.15You'regettingmoreoutofthosefew（han（hat^super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosays

theyreadfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.

A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.

B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.

C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.

D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.

E.Themailerismadeworsebyourmodernaddiction（omultiia5king.

F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.

G.Ourbrainshavelimitediesources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.

（2024北京西城高三一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選

項中有兩項為多余選項。

Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearinthe

U.S.16Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.

Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.17Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.

Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlike

famasticgifts.Buiitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.

18Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeoplewere

moreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgifts

thatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.19

Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andone

waywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfinthe

recipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsome

otherhobby.20Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouand

appicvialcyuuigiftmuic.

A.Sohowdowcgetlessterrible?

B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.

C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?

D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.

E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.

F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongert:meperiod.

G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorsthanthegift

itself.

（2024北京石景山高三一模i根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，

選項中有兩項為多余選項。

About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖的）.Obesepeoplearealincreasedriskof

manyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.21Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,

here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary"self-monitoring"isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.The

theoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you'llmakehealthierdecisions.22Ihere'sno

doubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthow

longthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.

23Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-

wcckweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogram.Thefindings

demonstratedihatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecord（heirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcompared

tothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout

3timesaday.24Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecorded

theirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.

Agoodpiincipletofollowmaybe"writewhenyoubite".Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedin

differentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.25

A.Canitreallybethateasy?

B.Itisimportanttofindwhatv/orksforyou.

C.Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.

D.Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.

E.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.

F.Obesityisalsoassociatedvvi:halowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.

G.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.

（2024北京豐臺高三一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中

有兩項為多余選項。

“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoften

saythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?

“Finding"apassionimpliesthatitalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.Unfortunately,this

ideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.26

Tustudythis,icscaiuhcisUJ>CafiamcwuikuL'flxcd''and"giuwlh“iniiidscls.Theyaigucdialciiuouiaging

peopleto“find”theirpassionmaycausethemtoeventuallybelievethatinterestsandpassionsarcinbornand

relativelyunchangeable.27Incontrast,peoplewhoviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhavea

growthmindsetofinterest.

Researchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreasecreativity.Ifpeoplebelievetheyare

limitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeing

importantconnectionsacrossdomains.28

Evidently,peoplecandoaloltoembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realize（hatyourinterestsand

passionsaren'tpre-existing.Takeanactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.

Whenyoulackinterestinanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.29Forexample,change'Tmnot

interestedinthis''tonotinterestedinthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.”

30Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.Thesciencetellsuswe

shouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.Wcmightbecomemorecrea:iveandresilientasaresult.

A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?

B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,arcdeveloped.

C.Peoplewhothinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.

D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.

E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.

F.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.

G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.

參考答案

1.C2.G3.E4.D5.F

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了長時間使用小屏幕設備對眼睛造成的危害，并提供了一些預

防眼睛疲勞和刺激、保護眼睛健康的簡單方法。

1.根據(jù)空前“Morethanaquarterliavetoenlargethefontsizeontheirmobilephonesotheycanreaditclearly.

（超過四分之一的人不得不把手機上的字體放大，這樣才能看得清楚）”以及空后“Meanwhile,28%regularly

squinl（昧眼看）althescreen.（與此同時，28%的人經(jīng)常瞇著眼睛看屏幕）“可知，空前空后都是“Andallof

themaresignsofeyedisorder.（這些者B是眼部疾病的征》K。）“。選項C**Halfconfessthey'reforcedtoenlarge

imagestoseethemcIcarly.（一半的人承認他們被迫放大圖像才能看得清楚）”與空前空后內(nèi)容相一致，指的都

是眼部疾病的征兆。故選C。

2.根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容'正venworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeyesyndrome（更糟糕的是，一直

盯著屏幕會導致干眼癥）''可推測，空處指的應該是盯著屏幕會給眼睛帶來損傷。選項G-Theymayfeel

uncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch（發(fā)癢）orburn.（他們可能會感到不舒服、疼痛、疲倦,甚至

開始發(fā)癢或灼燒）''與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是長時間盯著屏幕會讓眼睛受損。故選G。

3.根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“FoHowthe20:20:20nile,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlookatsomething

20feetawayfbratleast20seconds.（遵循20:20:20規(guī)則,每20分鐘從屏幕上抬起頭，看向20英尺以外的地

方至少20秒）”可知，此處具體介紹可以遵循的用眼規(guī)則。選項Et4Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthe

focusingmusclesofyoureyes.（看遠處有助于放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉）"是」二文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，指的是看遠處

可以放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉，同時引出下文“Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.（從而減少眼睛疲勞）故選E。

4.根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedcorrectly,as

wellasmakingfontslarger.Also,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringit

is15-20degreesbeloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.（更改屏幕設置以確保亮度和對比度

正確平衡，并使字體更大。此外，要注意工作站的位置。調(diào)整你的屏幕，確保它比眼睛低15—20度，離

眼睛大約50—70厘米廠可知，上文提到了調(diào)整工作站，包括調(diào)整屏幕的位置和亮度等，而合適的照明環(huán)境

也是保護眼睛的重要因素之一。選項DllAnothcrthingtofocusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.（另

一件需要注意的事情是確保你的房間光線充足）”提醒讀者還要注意照明環(huán)境，以全面保護眼睛健康，與本

段內(nèi)容相符。故選D。

5.根據(jù)小標題“Reduceglare（眩光）（減少炫光）”可知，本段建議我們要減少炫光。選項『Reflectionsonyour

computerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.（電腦屏幕上的反光會引起眩光，導致眼睛疲勞）”提到

了電腦屏幕引起的眩光問題，從市自然引出下文“Tryreducingthisbyattachingananti-glarescreentoyour

monitororlaptoptoavoidexternallightshiningontothescreen.（試著在你的顯示器或筆記本電腦上安裝一個防

眩光屏幕，以避免外部光線照射到屏幕上。廣，以與本段內(nèi)容相一致。故選F。

6.G7.A8.F9.B10.C

【導語】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述的是我們可以過增強認知儲各來增強大腦對與年齡有關(guān)的疾病的抵御能

力。

6.

根據(jù)空后的"Theyshowedthathigherlevelsofcognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdemeniia.（他們

發(fā)現(xiàn)，認知儲備水平越高，癡呆癥的發(fā)病率就越低）“可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)認知儲備水平越高，癡呆癥的發(fā)病

率就越低。選項G"Theycopebetterwithpathological（病理上的）changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitive

（他們的認知能力越強，就能更好地應對病理性變化）”與下文內(nèi)容保持一致，指的是當有阿爾茨海默氏癥跡

象的老年人認知能力越強，就能更好地應對病理性變化。故選G。

7.

空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptoms

ofbrainchangesassociatednotjustwith