Lesson1

ApumaatlargePumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.

Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered（adj.被困得走投無(wú)路的）.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecomplainedof'cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.

美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動(dòng)物，產(chǎn)于美洲。當(dāng)倫敦動(dòng)物園接到報(bào)告說(shuō)，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí)，這些報(bào)告并沒(méi)有受到重視?？墒?，隨著證據(jù)越來(lái)越多，動(dòng)物園的專家們感到有必要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)查，因?yàn)榉彩锹暦Q見(jiàn)到過(guò)美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開(kāi)始的。那里的一位婦女在采摘黑莓時(shí)的看見(jiàn)“一只大貓”，離她僅5碼遠(yuǎn)，她剛看見(jiàn)它，它就立刻逃走了。專家證實(shí)，美洲獅非被逼得走投無(wú)路，是決不會(huì)傷人的。事實(shí)上搜尋工作很困難，因?yàn)槌３Ｊ窃绯吭诩椎匕l(fā)現(xiàn)那只美洲獅，晚上卻在20英里外的乙地發(fā)現(xiàn)它的蹤跡。無(wú)論它走哪兒，一路上總會(huì)留下一串死鹿及死兔子之類的小動(dòng)物，在許多地方看見(jiàn)爪印，灌木叢中發(fā)現(xiàn)了粘在上面的美洲獅毛。有人抱怨說(shuō)夜里聽(tīng)見(jiàn)“像貓一樣的叫聲”；一位商人去釣魚(yú)，看見(jiàn)那只美洲獅在樹(shù)上。專家們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)完全肯定那只動(dòng)物就是美洲獅，但它是從哪兒來(lái)的呢？由于全國(guó)動(dòng)物園沒(méi)有一家報(bào)告丟了美洲獅，因此那只美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏豢養(yǎng)的，不知怎么設(shè)法逃出來(lái)了。搜尋工作進(jìn)行了好幾個(gè)星期，但始終未能逮住那只美洲獅。想到在寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村里有一頭危險(xiǎn)的野獸繼續(xù)逍遙流竄，真令人擔(dān)心。單詞：puma['pju:m?]n.美洲獅spot[sp?t]v.看出，發(fā)現(xiàn)evidence['evid?ns]n.證據(jù)accumulate[?'kju:mjuleit]v.積累，積聚oblige[?'blaid?]v.使…感到必須hunt[h?nt]n.追獵；尋找；v.打獵blackberry['bl?kb?ri]n.黑莓human['hju:m?n]人類corner['k?:n?]v.使走投無(wú)路，使陷入困境；n.角落trail[treil]n.一串，一系列print[print]n.印痕cling[kli?]v.粘convince[k?n'vins]v.使…信服somehow['s?mhau]ad.不知怎么搞的，不知什么原因disturb[dis't?:b]v.令人不安筆記：Newwordsandexpression生詞和短語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)僅知道漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義是不夠的，要把單詞放在語(yǔ)句中體會(huì)其應(yīng)用學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵句結(jié)構(gòu)是則要把它放在段落結(jié)構(gòu)或文章里puman.美洲獅spotv.看出,發(fā)現(xiàn)

=see,pick

out,recognize,catchsight

of強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,辨別出,看見(jiàn),識(shí)別,發(fā)現(xiàn)--A

tall

man

is

easy

to

spot

in

the

crowd.--He

has

good

eye

for

spotting

mistakes.同意詞：--find：強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果/find

out：查出事實(shí)真相--discover：做出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)/notice：注意到--observe：觀察/watch：觀察活動(dòng)中的人或畫(huà)面Spotn.斑點(diǎn)--There

is

a

white

spot

on

the

shirt.on

the

spot有兩個(gè)含義：furn.毛皮,毛,軟毛bushn.矮樹(shù)叢fullyadv.充分地,完全地collectorn.收藏家,征收者Text課文at

large逃遁的,沒(méi)有被控制的--Thethiefisstillatlargeatlarge詳細(xì)地（=in

detail）n.細(xì)節(jié),詳情--Ineedtalktoyouatlargeatlarge總體來(lái)講（=as

a

whole）--ThestudentsatlargearehungryforEnglish.（hungryadj.饑餓的,渴望的）Where

must

the

puma

have

come

from?Pumas

are

large,

cat-like

animals

which

are

found

in

America.在英文的表達(dá)方式中，首先呈現(xiàn)給讀者的是結(jié)果（和中文不同）英文擅長(zhǎng)用長(zhǎng)句，中文擅長(zhǎng)用短句。--Pandas

are

large

cat-like

animals

which

are

found

in

Asia.（pandan.熊貓）cat-like貓一樣的,偷偷摸摸的/dog-like狗一樣的/life-like栩栩如生的When

reports

came

into

London

Zoo

that

a

wild

puma

had

been

spotted

forty-five

miles

south

of

London,

they

were

not

taken

seriously.一般來(lái)講定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句緊隨在被修飾名詞的后面，但為了保持句子平衡，也可以把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到從句之前1>定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)于被修飾詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明、修飾--定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：--指人：主語(yǔ)who；賓語(yǔ)who,whom；定語(yǔ)

whose--指物：that（也可以指人）/which--時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：when/地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：where/原因狀語(yǔ)：why2>同位語(yǔ)從句則是講述被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容--同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：--名詞(做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等)：關(guān)系詞用that而不是which--時(shí)間：when；

地點(diǎn)：where--定語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有what這個(gè)關(guān)系詞，但what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句--An

idea

came

to

her

that

she

might

do

the

experiment

in

another

way.--I

have

no

idea

what

has

happened

to

him。they

were

not

taken

seriously（they指代reports）take

sthseriously=deal

with

sthseriously認(rèn)真地對(duì)待某事--Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsseriously.take

sthlightly草率地對(duì)待某事（lightlyadv.輕率地）--Don’ttakethehotpotatolightly（hotpotaton.棘手的問(wèn)題）However,

as

the

evidence

began

to

accumulate,

experts

from

the

Zoo

felt

obliged

to

investigate,for

the

descriptions

given

by

people

who

claimed

to

have

seen

the

puma

were

extraordinarily

similar.Howeveradv.然而(起轉(zhuǎn)折作用)As連詞：隨著,當(dāng)...之時(shí)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)：--thedescriptionsgivenbypeople--thestorytoldbythesailor(n.海員,水手,船員)--abookwrittenbyLuxunclaim

to

have

done

sth聲稱曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事--Heclaimedtohavebeenthemanagerofthelargeshop.The

hunt

for

the

puma

began

in

a

small

village

where

a

woman

picking

blackberries

saw

'a

large

cat'

only

five

yards

away

from

her.Whereawomanpicking…定語(yǔ)從句--I

still

remember

the

school

where

I

studied

English.It

immediately

ran

away

when

she

saw

it,

and

experts

confirmed

that

a

puma

will

not

attack

a

human

being

unless

it

is

cornered.Confirm=be

sure=be

certain(confirmvt.確定)Unlessitiscornered=ifitisnotcornered(unlessconj.如果不,除非)--Hewillacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.The

search

proved

difficult,

for

the

puma

was

often

observed

at

one

place

in

the

morning

and

at

another

place

twenty

miles

away

in

the

evening.search=huntWherever

it

went,

it

left

behind

it

a

trail

of

dead

deer

and

small

animals

like

rabbits.把某物留在后面：leave

behind--Whereverhewent,thewoundleftbehindhimatrailofblood.（n.血）Paw

prints

were

seen

in

a

number

of

places

and

puma

fur

was

found

clinging

to

bushes.英文表達(dá)方式習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),突出客觀事實(shí)。而中文則善于運(yùn)用動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。puma

fur

was

found

clinging

to

bushes.（被動(dòng)）Wefoundthepumafurclingingtobushes.（主動(dòng)）--clingingtobushes是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)Several

people

complained

of

"cat-like

noises'

at

night

and

a

businessman

on

a

fishing

tripsaw

the

puma

up

a

plain

of/about

sth抱怨某事on+名詞：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行--on

the

rise在上升/on

the

increase在增加--on

the

watch在觀看/on

the

match在比賽中--on

the

fishing

trip在釣魚(yú)的途中/on

holiday在度假The

experts

were

now

fully

convinced

that

the

animal

was

a

puma,

but

where

had

it

come

from?Fully（adv.充分地,完全地）=completely=entirelyAs

no

pumas

had

been

reported

missing

from

any

zoo

in

the

country,

this

one

must

have

been

in

the

possession

of

a

private

collector

and

somehow

managed

to

escape.sthbein

the

possession

of

sb=sthbein

sb's

possession某物歸某人所有(主語(yǔ)是物)--The

beautiful

car

is

in

my

possession.=Thebeautifulcarisin

the

possession

of

me.Sbbein

possession

of

sth某人擁有某物(主語(yǔ)是人)--I

am

in

possession

of

the

beautiful

car.（inpossessionof…做表語(yǔ)）--The

person

in

possession

of

the

big

house

is

excited.（inpossessionof…做定語(yǔ)）take

possession

of…擁有…The

hunt

went

on

for

several

weeks,

but

the

puma

was

not

caught.Wenton=lasted（lastvi.繼續(xù),持續(xù)）It

is

disturbing

to

think

that

a

dangerous

wild

animal

is

still

at

large

in

the

quiet

countryside.It

is

disturbing

to

think

that...一想到…就心理不安--It

is

disturbing

to

think

thatIfailmyexaminationin

the

quiet

countryside在寧?kù)o的山村Specialdifficulties難點(diǎn)Exercises

A1.

at/for2.

to3.

to4.

in5.

onExercises

B1.

He

is

the

man

we

have

heard

about

so

much.2.

The

shelf

you

put

those

books

on

has

collapsed.（vi.倒塌,崩潰,瓦解）3.Whom

did

you

receive

a

letter

from?特殊疑問(wèn)句中whom

不能省略（本句）。定語(yǔ)從句中Which以及指代人的做賓語(yǔ)的Whom,在非正式用法當(dāng)中可以省略。省略時(shí)，介詞不能前置到關(guān)系代詞Whom,Which前，只能用于非固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面。固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look

for：尋找（去掉for后look沒(méi)有尋找的意思，所以介詞for不能前置）非固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look

at：注視live

in：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介詞in可以前置）This

is

the

old

house

in

which

he

lived.=This

is

the

old

house

he

lived

in.4.This

is

the

road

we

came

by?5.Where

is

the

pencil

you

were

playing

with?Multiplechoicequestions多項(xiàng)選擇1…正確答案：Dincommonadv.共有（替換了similar）2…正確答案：BA）只是一個(gè)具體的特定的事列，閱讀理解題的時(shí)候要把握中心大意B）

large

catpersuadev.說(shuō)服,勸說(shuō)3…答案正確：C

做理解題時(shí)要緊扣主題、緊扣中心大意。文章最后一句話總結(jié)了大意句型結(jié)構(gòu)題和詞匯題是每課的關(guān)鍵4…答案正確：C

Make的用法：make

somebody

do（在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不定式的符號(hào)to應(yīng)該省略）be

made

to

do（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不定式的符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)充完整）--Theymadeherwaitforhours.Shewasmadetowaitforhours.5…答案正確：D

A）把say改成claim就對(duì)了（--People

claimed

to

have