專題25

完形填空

之說明文英語

一輪復習講練測目錄

考情透視

·

目標導航知識導圖

·

思維引航考點突破

·考法探究CONNENTS題型考

查

頻

次命

題

預

測>

完

形

填

空>

1

0

年

1

0

考之說明文說明文結構復雜，專業(yè)術語多。對考生來說說明文抽象

度高，解題難度大。旨在考查學生語法和詞匯知識綜合運用

能力的典形題形。它結合了單項選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句形結構、復合句的關聯(lián)和習慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。中考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動植物特性、自然

現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性的句子居多。因此

考生要掌握說明文的命題特點，敘述方式，重點突破長句結

構特點和邏輯關系，以便對其做出準確的語意理解。考情透視

·

目標導航

●●●知識導圖

·

思維引航中考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動植物特性、自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝

介紹以及人文地理、風土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性

的句子居多。既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句形結構、復合句的

關聯(lián)和習慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。命題方向完型填空之說明文

題型破解1.明確說明對象，瀝青段落關系2.弄清說明順序，把握作者態(tài)度3.運用高分技巧1.利用首句，明確說明對象2.把握說明文的結構模式3.逐句精讀文章，熟悉邏輯銜接次說明文類完形填空解題要點高分技巧1.利用上下文的提示2.掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙語境聯(lián)想的應用B錦囊妙計錦囊4:利用平行邏輯關系錦囊5:利用轉折邏輯關系錦囊6:利用詞語(

搭配)

辨析利用首句查明說明對象錦囊2:利用讓步邏輯關系錦囊3:利用因果邏輯關系利用遞進式說明結構錦囊7:錦囊1:解題步驟

內(nèi)容解讀1.明確說明對象，

理清段落關系。通讀全文，明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側面對其加以說

明的。在閱讀過程中要概括、總結每一段說明的側重點，理清各段之間的關

系，加深對說明對象的理解。在說明的過程中作者會選擇合理的說明順序對說明對象進行解說。把握了說

明順序就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加深對整篇文章的理解。常見的說明順序2.弄清說明順序，

有時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關系、果因關系、先主后次等)和認把握作者態(tài)度。

識順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基礎上，還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關鍵詞或關鍵句，把握作

者的寫作情感和意圖。3.運用高分技巧

按照命題分布規(guī)律和高分技巧正確解題并代入驗證?？键c突破

·考法探究考點1:題型破解1.說明文類完形填空解題要點總分式：包括總-分；分-總；總-分-總等具體形式。遞進式：事理說明文多用遞進式結構，

一層一層地剖析事理。具體包括：空間順序-從上到下、從外到內(nèi)、從左到右、從遠到近、從中間到四周、從整體到部分；時間順序-事情都有發(fā)生、發(fā)展、消亡的過程；邏輯順序-剖析事理時就按照其邏輯關系進行安排，或從原因到結果、從主到次、遞進或對比等嚴密的條理性?！瘼倮檬拙洌鞔_說明對象說明文一般有三類；

一是實體事例說

明文，包括說明書、廣告、解說詞、人物介紹等；二是事理說明文，包括

理論性解釋、文書簡介、學術流派等；

三是文藝性說明文，即說明對象擬人

化。掌握說明對象，可以從整體上把

握主旨大意。2.高分技巧②把握說明文的結構模式掌握結構模式，可以對文章的邏輯有更好的把握。邏輯關系

例詞讓步和轉折but,however,yet,unfortunately,although,even

though,instead

of,rather

than,not...but等。because,for,since,as,thus,hence,thereiore,SO,SO...that,such...that,因果關系in

order

that,because

of,now

that,as

a

result,ior

this

reason等。并列關系and,or,neither...nor,either...or,not

only...but

also,that

is

to

say,as

well

as,the

same.….as等。遞進關系

then,besides,what

is

more,what's

worse,even

worse等?？偡株P系

such

as,for

example,for

instance等。③逐句精讀文章，熟悉邏輯銜接次。1.利用上下文的提示(1)在完形填空中，有些空格的答案可能直接或間接地在上下文中給出。讀者可以

尋找與空格相連的句子或段落，以找到可能的答案。(2)上下文可能提供對某些單詞或短語的理解，例如，如果一個單詞或短語在句子

中是已知的，那么讀者可以使用這個已知信息來理解其他相關的單詞或短語的含義。2

.用學過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙(1)讀者可以利用自己的背景知識和生活經(jīng)驗來理解文章中的某些單詞或短語。例如，如果文章談論體育，那么讀者可以利用自己對體育的了解來理解文章中的一些專門術語。(2)如果文章中出現(xiàn)一些新詞匯或難以理解的短語，讀者可以利用上下文以及文章的總體主題來猜測其含義。(3)讀者還可以利用文章的語法和結構來理解某些詞匯的含義。例如，上下文中的動詞時態(tài)和形容詞的使用可以幫助讀者理解某些名詞的含義。

考點2:

語境聯(lián)想的應用BThis

solar

term

is

called

Grain

Rain

because

it

is

known

for“Rain

waters

the

grain”.After

this

term

ends,there

will

be

more

2

days.The

solar

term

also

means

more

rainfalls.So

if

you

go

out

in

the

solarterm,you

may

need

to

bring

a(n)

3

with

you.But

this

is

a

great

time

for

planting

and

farming.Chinese

people

have

the

4

,"If

you

don't

plant

crops

during

Grain

Rain,you'll

feel

like

a

crab(螃蟹)

is

creeping

in

your

heart."Thismeansthat

if

you

missthe

time

for

planting,youwill

feel

5

later.

When

the

spring

rain

falls,farmers

also

begin

to

grow

crops.Farmers

often

say,"Spring

rain

is

asprecious

as

oil."It

bringsfarmers

6

for

a

good

year

ahead.There

are

also

many

interesting

7

during

Grain

Rain.In

the

northern

partof

China,people

like

to

eatChinese

toon

with

scrambled

eggs(香椿炒雞蛋).That's

why

lots

of

people

8

the

toon

in

the

market.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D

四個選項中選出一個能填入相應空格內(nèi)的最佳答案，并把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。As

we

know,there

are

24

solar

terms(節(jié)氣)in

China.Grain

Rain(谷雨)isone

of

them

and

it

usually

1

on

April

20th

and

ends

on

May

5th.對農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性以及相關的習俗，如吃香椿炒雞蛋和采摘谷雨茶等。1.句意：谷雨通常在4月20日開始，5月5日結束。2.句意：這個節(jié)氣結束后，會有更多炎熱的天氣。3.句意：所以如果你在這個節(jié)氣出去，你可能需要帶一把雨傘。

4.句意：中國人有句諺語：“谷雨不種田，心里像蟹爬?！?.句意：這意味著如果你錯過了種植的時間，以后你會感到遺憾。

6.句意：它給農(nóng)民帶來了來年豐收的好運。7.句意：谷雨期間還有許多有趣的習俗。8.句意：這就是為什么很多人在市場上尋找香椿。9.句意：在谷雨期間采摘的茶葉被稱為谷雨茶，深受人們喜愛。

10.句意：它們以其新鮮和香味而聞名。Thefoodmade

during

Grain

Rain

tastes

wonderful

and

is

good

for

your

stomach

andskin.Inthesouthern

part

of

China,people

pick

tea

leaves

on

the

days

of

rain.The

tea

leaves

that

are9during1.D2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.A10.A【文章大意】本文主要介紹了中國二十四節(jié)氣中的谷雨，包括其時間、特點、0

1(閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D

四個選項中，選出可以填入空Haveyoueverwonderedwhythinkingtoomuch

makes

you

tired?A

new

study

has

found

out

sometothisquestion.Researchers

from

the

Paris

Brain

Institute

studied

why

too

much

mental

effort

makes

us12.They

found

that

when

people

think

a

lot,the

brain

gives

offa

chemical

called

glutamate(谷氨酸).Toomuch

glutamate

disturbs(擾亂)the

brain's

functions

(功能).It13the

brain

tells

the

body

it

is

tired

andthat

it

must

rest.People

who

spend

more

than

six

hours

working

on

a

task

that

14a

lot

ofthoughtsaremore

likelyto

feeltired.Aperiod

of

rest

allows

thebrain

to

return

to

normal.This

explains

why

a

nap

(小睡)is

15

for

us.A

nap

can

be

as

short

as

20

minutes,

16itcanmakeus

feel

completelyrefreshed.Theresearchteam

looked

atthebehavior

of40participants

in

their

research.Twenty-four

of

these

had

toperform

challenging

tasks.These

17

looking

at

a

computer

screen

andmatching

differentlettersthat

appeared.The

other

16

participants

did

a

similar,but18

task.Both

groups

worked

for

six

hours,andhad

twoten-minute

19.The

researchers

scanned(

掃描)the

brains

of

the

participants.They

foundthat

the

group

who

had

the

moredifficult

task

had

higher

levelsof

glutamatein

their

brain.Studyauthor

Antonins

Wiehler

said“It

would

he

oreat

to

20more

about

how

olutamate

levels

are11.A12.C13.B14.A15.D16.B17.A18.A19.B20.C【文章大意】本文主要介紹了為什么過度思考會讓人感到疲勞的研究。11.句意：一項新的研究為這一問題找到了一些答案。12.句意：巴黎腦研究所的研究人員研究了為什么過多的腦力勞動會讓我們感到疲勞。13.句意：它意味著大腦會告訴身體它累了，必須休息。14.句意：花六個小時以上的時間完成一項需要大量思考的任務的人更容易感到疲勞。15.句意：這就解釋了為什么小睡對我們有益。16.句意：午睡時間可以短至20分鐘，但卻能讓我們感覺神清氣爽。17.句意：其中包括觀看電腦屏幕并對出現(xiàn)的不同字母進行配對。18.句意：其他16名參與者完成了類似但更簡單的任務。19.句意：兩個小組都工作了六個小時，并有兩次十分鐘的休息時間。20.句意：如果能進一步了解谷氨酸水平是如何恢復的，那就太好了。give

out散發(fā)；put

out滅火；Anyone

who

prepares

for

an

exam

will

have

to

plan

and

study

according

to

a

timetable.What

is

the

best

time

of

the

day

to

study?For

some,it

is

the

daytime;for

others,it's

at

nigh

.After

a

good

night's

sleep,people

have

more

21

and

become

more

active

during

the

day.It

is

easyto

22

with

teachers,friends,and

others

to

ask

any

questions

that

you

may

have.Furthermore,the

natural

23

yougetduringthedayisbetterthantheartificial(人工的)lightthatyouuse

atnight.On

the

other

hand,

24

during

the

night

can

also

be

beneficial.During

the

night,the

environment

isvery

quiet.This

creates

a

setting

to

study

25

.When

you

study

during

the

night,your

creativity

will26

and

this

in

turn

will

help

you

to

understand

27

easily.Your

ability

will

also

be

28

However,thebesttimetostudy

is

different

from

people

to

people.Whatever

the

time

you

choose

tostudy,it

is

important

to

be

careful.First,set

a

goal

and

29

concentrating

(集中注意力).Next,giveyourselfenough

time

to

study

and

organize

your

study.Above

all,be

30

and

have

confidence

in

yourself.Then,no

onecan

stop

you

from

achieving

your

aims.21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B【文章大意】本文主要介紹了白天學習和晚上學習的好處。21.句意：睡個好覺后，人們會有更多的精力，白天也會變得更加活躍。

English22.句意：很容易與老師、朋友和其他人溝通，問你可能有的任何問題。23.句意：你白天得到的自然光比你晚上使用的人造光要好。24.句意：另一方面，晚上學習也可能是有益的。25.句意：這創(chuàng)造了一個和平學習的環(huán)境。26.句意：當你在晚上學習時，你的創(chuàng)造力會增加，這反過來會幫助你更容易地理解知識。

27.句意：當你在晚上學習時，你的創(chuàng)造力會增加，這反過來會幫助你更容易地理解知識。

28.句意：你的能力也會很棒。29.句意：首先，設定一個目標并保持專注。30.句意：最重要的是，要積極樂觀，對自己有信心。C.talentC.communicateD.freedomD.compare21A.time22.A.connectB.energyB.shareAutumn

is

here.Why

not

head

outdoors

and

discover

the

world

offungi(真菌)?Fungi

are

almosteverywhere.They

are

notjust

under

our

feet

when

we

go

for

a

walk,but

living

on

31of

things,evenin

the

air

we

breathe.Autumn

is

the32

timeforallkindsof

fungito

grow.Thereisnodoubtthatfungi

arenot

animals

since

33has

seenthemmoving

aroukd

Thentheyhaveto

be

some

kind

ofplant,"you

may

think,but

no.they

are

not

plants

because

they

do

not

34theirown

food

from

sunlight

and

air.Instead,they

get

food

by

digesting(消化)wood,leaves

and

dead

things.35

fungiarenot

animals

orplants,then

what

are

they?Well,scientists

put

fungi

in

their

own

kingdom,

36

separatefromanimalsandplants.Fungi

comein

all

37

,colorsand

forms.

Scientists

think

that

there

are

at

least

1.5

million

kinds

offungi

in

total.Humans

have

found

only

about

100,000

kinds."I

never

know

what

I

might

find

in

the

forest,"said

Greg

Mueller,an

expert

in

fungi.When

referring

to

vegetables,fungi

are

commonly

known

as

mushrooms.Mushrooms

are

delicious

food,but

you

should

never

eat

wild

mushrooms.Eating

wild

mushrooms

may

38

sickness

or

even

death.The

only

way

to

know

ifa

mushroom

is

39

is

to

have

an

expert

take

a

good

look

at

it.

40that,

never

eat

even

a

tiny

bit.The

world

of

fungi

is

fascinating.31.B

32.A33.C

34.C

35.A

36.B

37.C

38.A

39.B

40.C【文章大意】本文主要介紹了秋天是發(fā)現(xiàn)真菌的好時機，真菌的特性以及食用野生蘑菇的風險。31.句意：當我們散步時，它們不僅在我們的腳下，而且生活在事物的表面，甚至在我們呼吸的空氣中。

32.句意：秋天是各種真菌生長的最佳時間。33.句意：毫無疑問，真菌不是動物，因為沒有人見過它們移動。34.句意：它們不是植物，因為它們不從陽光和空氣中制造自己的食物。35.句意：如果真菌不是動物或植物，那么它們是什么?36.句意：科學家將真菌放在一個完全獨立于動物和植物的王國中。37.句意：真菌有各種形狀、顏色和形式。100-38.句意：吃野生蘑菇可能導致疾病甚至死亡。39.句意：知道蘑菇是否安全的唯一方法是讓專家仔細檢查。30—OM.RO40.句意：在此之前，絕對不要吃哪怕一小口。31.A.looks32.A.bestB.surfacesB.worstC.tastesC.slowestIn

China,children

like

to

make

promises

by

hooking

pinkies(拉鉤)with

each

other.They

say,“A

pinkiepromise

must

be

41

for100years."Then

they

may

press

their

thumbs(拇指)togetherto

completethe

promise.Sometimes,

42

will

hook

pinkies

and

promise

to

be

together

forever.There

are

many

guesses

on

the

origin(起源)of

the

pinkie

promise.Some

say

itcomesfromanurseryrhyme(童謠).43say

it

was

introduced

from

theWest—born

out

ofa

love

story

where

a

man

and

a

woman

hooked

fingers.One

theory(理論)is

that

it

may

have

44

to

do

with

the

role

of

fingers

in

Chinese

culture.TheChinese

character

for"finger"also

means“aim”(referring

to

people's

thoughts).So

hooking

fingers

canbe

seen

as

the

exchanging

of45

Therefore,the

fingers

play

a(n)_46

role

in

making

an

oath(盟約):They

can

not

only

be

used

tocomplete

a

promise,but

also

be

cut

for

making

a

blood

oath.Whensomeoneswearstoheaven(對天發(fā)誓),heuseshis

47

to

point

to

the

sky.48,hooking

fingers

means

making

a

serious

promise.In

some

movies,a

person

who

breaks

apromise

may

have

his

little

finger

cut

49

!Of

course,this

kind

of

thing

is

not

very

likely

to

happen in

real

life.But

we

can

still

see

50

important"pinkie

promises"can

be.So

next

time,when

youhook

pinkies

withsomeone.vou'd

better

be

careful

with

vour

promise!41.B

42.C

43.C

44.A

45.C

46.B

47.A

48.A49.C50.B【文章大意】本文主要講述在中國孩子們相互拉鉤做出的承諾以及這些承諾的意義。41.句意：他們說，

一個小指的承諾要保持100年。42.句意：有時夫妻會拉鉤并且承諾永遠在一起。43.句意：也有人說它是從西方引進的——誕生于一個男女拉鉤的愛情故事。44.句意：一種理論說，在中國的文化中，它可能與手指的角色有關。45.句意：所以拉鉤可以被看作是“交換思想”。46.句意：因此，手指在宣誓中扮演著重要的角色。47.句意：當一個人對天發(fā)誓時，他用他的手指指著天空。48.句意：一般來說，拉鉤意味著做一個重要的承諾。49.句意：在一些電影中，一個違背承諾的人可能會被切斷手指。50.句意：但是我們?nèi)匀豢梢钥吹姐^手指是多么重要。TheSilkRoadis

known

toallChinese.Itwasanancient

trade

way

thatconnectedChinatoothercountries.Along

this

way,many

products

were

traded,51spices,silkandfood.Oneof

themostimportantactivitiesofthisroadwastheexchangeofcurrency(貨幣交換).Whenpeople

from

differentplacesmet

alongthe

SilkRoad,theyhad

toexchange

their

currencies

52

do

the

business.However,this

was

notalways53,asthevalue

ofdifferent

currencies

is

greatly

different.Many

places

had

their

own

currency

54

and

marks,whichshow

theircultural

history.Forexample, the

Chineseused

coins

with

a

square

hole

in

the

middle,

55the

Persians

used

coins

with

marks

of theirrulers.Currencyexchange

also

led

to

the

development

ofnew

technologies.For

example,the

Chinese

56

papermoney.Itwasmoreconvenient(便利的)tocarrythan57

coins.Thiscreationcompletelychangedthewaypeopledid

the

58

andmade

formodernbanking

development.Today,the

Silk

Road

is

no

longer

in

use,but

it

has

a

great

59on

our

life.By

studying

the

currencyculture

on

the

Silk

Road,you

can

get

a

better

understanding

of

the

world

and

the

importance

of60exchanges.If

youhaveachanceto

experience

it

inperson,don't

miss

it.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了絲綢之路和貨幣交換的發(fā)展歷史以及對現(xiàn)在的影響。51.句意：沿著這條路，許多產(chǎn)品被交易，包括香料、絲綢和食品。52.句意：當來自不同地方的人們沿著絲綢之路相遇時，他們必須交換他們的貨幣以完成交易。

53.句意：然而，這并不總是那么容易，因為不同貨幣的價值差別很大。54.句意：許多地方都有自己的貨幣規(guī)則和標志，這顯示了他們的文化歷史。WoW55.句意：例如，中國人使用中間有一個方孔的硬幣，而波斯人使用帶有統(tǒng)治者標志的硬幣。

56.句意：例如，中國人發(fā)明了紙幣。57.句意：它比沉重的硬幣攜帶起來更方便。58.句意：這一發(fā)明徹底改變了人們做生意的方式，促進了現(xiàn)代銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。59.句意：今天，絲綢之路不再使用，但它對我們的生活有很大的影響。60.句意：通過研究絲綢之路上的貨幣文化，你可以更好地了解世界和文化交流的重要性。51:A.include

B.includes52.A.becauseofB.in

order

to51.C

52.B53.A

54.D55.AC.includingC.instead

of56.B

57.D

58.BD.includedD.accordingto59.C60.DOver

the

last

20

years,technology

has

been

used

more

and

more

in

schools.These

days,it's

61

for

students

to

use

computers

or

tablets.In

many

places,it's

normal

forstudents

to

look

up

information

on

the

Internet

rather

than

using

books.62istechnologyreallyusefultostudents?A

recent

report

by

UNESCO(聯(lián)合國教科文組織)63

that

using

technology

in

classes

may

not

help

as

much

as

many

people

believe.It

is

true

that

technology

can

64

students

to

learn

in

ways

that

are

more

interesting;it

can

help

teachers

explain

difficult

ideas;it

can

also

help

students

who

have

special

needs.ButUNESCOalsosaystechnologycanbeverydistracting(令人分心).When

studentsuse

phones

in

classes,it

can

65

their

learning.One

study

shows

that

even

just

having

a

smartphone

nearby

can

bedistracting.The

66

of

the

report

is

to

help

improve

how

technology

is

used

in

education.The

report

says

thattechnology

can

be

67,but

it

shouldn't

be

the

centre

of

education.68,technology

should

be

usedto

properly

support

learning."Too

much

69

on

technology

in

education

usually

comes

at

a

high

cost."the

report

says."We

need

to

teach

children

to

study

both

with

and

without

technology,"says

Manos,thedirector

behind

the

UNESCO

report.Also,the

report

suggests

that

the

best

way

to

learn

is

still

to

work70with

teachers.Working

with

other

classmates

also

helps

students

learn

well.UNESCO

says

that61.D62.C63.B64.A65.A66.B67.D68.B69.C70.A【文章大意】本文討論了科技在教育中的使用及其影響。

m61.句意：這些天，學生使用電腦或平板電腦是很常見的。62.句意：但是，科技對學生真的有用嗎?63.句意：聯(lián)合國教科文組織最近的一份報告警告說，在課堂上使用科技可能并不像許多人認為的那樣有幫助。

64.句意：確實，科技可以允許學生以更有趣的方式學習。65.句意：當學生在課堂上使用手機時，它會妨礙他們的學習。66.句意：報告的目標是幫助改進科技在教育中的使用。67.句意：報告說，科技可以是有幫助的，但它不應該是教育的中心。68.句意：相反，科技應該被用來適當?shù)刂С謱W習。69.句意：對科技在教育中的過度關注通常會帶來高昂的代價。70.句意：報告還建議，最好的學習方式仍然是與老師密切合作。Amy

and

Susanboth

live

an

average

life.Theyhave

an

averagehouse,an

averageItwas

a

sunny

afternoon.Sam

andhis

sister