第07講閱讀理解之議論文（講義）目錄考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 1知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 2考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 2考點(diǎn)一題型破解 31.文體特點(diǎn) 32.高分技巧 3考點(diǎn)二解法要點(diǎn) 41.主旨大意題 42.詞義猜測題 43.推理判斷題 54.選項(xiàng)規(guī)律 55.解法要點(diǎn) 6題型考查頻次命題預(yù)測閱讀理解之議論文10年10考議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航：1.掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和命題形式。2.掌握議論文的雙管齊下閱讀方式，側(cè)重結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容兩個方面。考點(diǎn)一題型破解1.文體特點(diǎn)議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。這類文章或從正面提出某種見解，或駁斥別人的錯誤觀點(diǎn)，以說服讀者同意自己的觀點(diǎn)為主要目的。分析近三年中考真題議論文可知，文章涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會生活密切相關(guān)。從體裁特點(diǎn)看，議論文有夾敘夾議文和議論文兩種。文章通常由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三部分構(gòu)成，論點(diǎn)是議論文的核心，即中心思想，是論據(jù)和論證的服務(wù)對象。論據(jù)是作者所引用的用以支持和證明論點(diǎn)的材料，這些材料可以是名人名言、事實(shí)例證或統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)等。論證是作者組織、運(yùn)用論據(jù)的手法。結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：議論文說理性強(qiáng)，語言莊重，邏輯縝密，重點(diǎn)考查考生的思維能力和判斷能力，常用難詞、長詞和復(fù)雜句，給閱讀理解帶來一定的難度。夾敘夾議類文章主要有三種類型:1.先敘述作者的某一個生活經(jīng)歷或見聞，然后針對這一事件發(fā)表自己對生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2.作者先提出一種觀點(diǎn)或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)或看法用具體的事例加以說明，有時也可能是用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面來說明。3.提出一種觀點(diǎn)或見解，然后用某一事例來闡述這一觀點(diǎn)，最后再進(jìn)一步地總結(jié)和升華。無論那種議論文，作者均通過擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非的方法，來論證某種觀點(diǎn)正確與否，肯定或否定某種主張。即提出問題(引論)--分析問題(本論)一一解決問題(結(jié)論)”。命題分布：常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題、情感態(tài)度題等題型。難度分析：高考英語閱讀理解中議論文說理性強(qiáng)，語言莊重，邏輯縝密，常用難詞、長詞和復(fù)雜句，，因此屬于難度較大的文章。命題人經(jīng)常在長難句處設(shè)置命題點(diǎn)，遇到長難句，不可慌亂，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修飾語，如定語、狀語等，便可化繁為簡，讀懂句意。2.高分技巧雙管齊下法：從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容兩方面同時入手，先通讀全文，再區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)注標(biāo)志詞：句子間的邏輯關(guān)系和銜接手段不外乎列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、對照、補(bǔ)充、目的、條件等。表示列舉的詞:forexample,forinstance;表羅列的詞:first，second,third，tobeginwith，toconclude;表轉(zhuǎn)折:however,but;表原因:because,since，as;表結(jié)果:so，therefore,thus,asaresult;表對照:onthecontrary,bycontrast;表目的:sothat，inorderthat等。標(biāo)志詞就像指路牌一樣，指明作者思路發(fā)展的方向和思路之間的邏輯聯(lián)系。標(biāo)志詞前后的信息往往都是命題和答題的主要線索或依據(jù)，因此，識別標(biāo)志詞對考生更快、更好地理解文章具有舉足輕重的作用。把握長難句：議論文中的長難句常是命題點(diǎn)。遇到長難句，不可慌亂，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修飾語，如定語、狀語等，便可化繁為簡，讀懂句意?？键c(diǎn)二解法要點(diǎn)1.主旨大意題文章大意題首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however，but，infact，actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。3．作者不斷重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)或高頻詞，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4．表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。段落大意題每個段落都有一個中心思想,且中心思想通常會在段落的首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來,這個句子就是常說的段落主題句。沒有給出明顯的主題句時,要根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括出段落大意標(biāo)題歸納題1．概括性——準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；2．針對性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；3．醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。在提煉主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上關(guān)注上述好的標(biāo)題的三大特征進(jìn)行總結(jié)。2.詞義猜測題1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測3.推理判斷題議論文中的推理判斷題務(wù)必以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，但其結(jié)構(gòu)絕不是事實(shí)本身。主要考查考生的邏輯思維能力，側(cè)重于推理，但務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文，且不可過度推斷。4.選項(xiàng)規(guī)律干擾項(xiàng)特征釋義片面理解將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)作合理推斷，實(shí)則是原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。偷梁換柱干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞,卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個單詞,造成句意的改變正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯誤。無中生有解題時將自己的觀點(diǎn)或社會的一種普遍性傾向而文中并無關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn),但在文章中并無相關(guān)的信息支撐點(diǎn)。主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活常識推斷。雖然符合考生的常識，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。構(gòu)詞法干擾（詞義猜詞題）指片面地從構(gòu)詞法的角度猜測、思考，不考慮上下文語境，望詞生義；拘泥于字面意思（詞義猜詞題）根據(jù)所學(xué)過的熟詞意義常使考生覺得畫線詞義背過而忽略上下文主觀臆斷。過度推斷對文章信息強(qiáng)加自己的理解，脫離文章過度推斷或主觀臆斷。5.解法要點(diǎn)類型一演繹論證議論文是從已知的一般原理，規(guī)律出發(fā)，推知個別事物本質(zhì)的論證方法。該類文體一般先提出一個總論點(diǎn)，然后分別進(jìn)行論述，分析各個分論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論。類型二歸納論證議論文是一種由個別到一般的論證方法。它通過許多個別的事例或分論點(diǎn)，然后歸納出它們所共有的特性，從而得出一個一般性的結(jié)論。類型三比較論證議論文是一種由個別到個別的論證方法。通常分為類比法和對比法兩類。類比法是將性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比較而引出結(jié)論的方法。對比法是通過性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)在某一方面相反或?qū)α⒌牟煌挛锏谋容^來證明論點(diǎn)的方法。典例引領(lǐng)典例引領(lǐng)Passage1（2024·山西大同·三模）請閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中，選出一個最佳選項(xiàng)。Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,morekidsareusingaudiobooks(有聲書).Alargenumberofexpertssaythataudiobookscanhelp“readers”turnwhattheyhearintowrittenwords—andmayeveninspirethemtopickupapenthemselves.“Audiobookshaveanimmersive(沉浸式的)qualitythatbringsstoriestolife,”saidLeanneCartwright.”Whenchildrenlistentobooks,theyusetheirimaginationtomeetdifferentcharacters.”Audiobooksleadkidstoheartherhythmoffarmoredifficultlanguageandgrammarthantheyhearwhenwespeak.Listeningwiththehelpofaudiobookscanevenleadchildrentowrite.“Arealadvantageofaudiobooksisthatchildrencanusewhattheyhearfortheirownwriting,”Dr.Adonissaid.“Theycanmovetheirwritingonfrom‘ThisiswhatIdidontheweekend’toreallyexcitingwaysofexpressingbigideas.”“Ifachildishavingtroublelearningtheskillofreading,itcanbecomearealobstacle(障礙)tohisdevelopmentofcreativityandtheabilitytotellstories,”Dr.Adonisadded.“Insuchadifficultsituation,anaudiobookisreallyhelpful.Whilelisteningtoaudiobooks,childrenarestilllearningabouthowastoryisorganized.Theyarelisteningtodescriptions,understandingdialoguesandinterpretingmetaphors(詮釋隱喻).Thesegreattoolshelpthemtotelltheirownstories.”Audiobooksareinfluencingchildreninagreatway.Therefore,let’swelcomeaudiobookstohelpthemmore.1．Howaremorekidsreadingthesedays?A．Byreadingpaperbooks. B．Byreadingonlinebooks. C．Bylisteningtoaudiobooks.2．Whichofthefollowingisusedtoshowtheimmersivequality?A．Kidscanlearnhowtoretellstories.B．Kidscanmeetdifferentcharactersintheirminds.C．Kidscanspendlesstimeusingthephoneorthecomputer.3．InParagraph4,whatdoes“thesegreattools”probablyreferto(指)?A．Understandingthesituations,creatingcharactersandmakingupstorics.B．Developingcreativity,learningtheskillsofreadingandwritingaudiobooks.C．Listeningtodescriptions,understandingdialoguesandinterpretingmetaphors.4．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A．Parents’lifeisgreatlyinfluencedbyaudiobooks.B．Audiobooksaremoreeducationalthanpaperbooks.C．Kidsimprovetheirwritingskillswhilelisteningtoaudiobooks.5．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AudiobooksDoGoodtoKidsB．GreatWaystoUnderstandLanguagesC．Kids’GreatImaginationandCreativity【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．C5．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了有聲書對孩子們閱讀和寫作的幫助。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,morekidsareusingaudiobooks”可知，更多孩子在讀有聲書。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenchildrenlistentobooks,theyusetheirimaginationtomeetdifferentcharacters.”可知孩子們使用想象力體現(xiàn)了沉浸式質(zhì)量。故選B。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyarelisteningtodescriptions,understandingdialoguesandinterpretingmetaphors”，可知這些工具是描述、理解對話和解釋隱喻。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Alargenumberofexpertssaythataudiobookscanhelp“renders'turnwhattheyhearintowrittenwords—andmayeveninspirethemtopickupapenthemselves.”及第三段“Listeningwiththehelpofaudiobookscanevenleadchildrentowrite.”可知孩子們在聽有聲讀物的同時提高了寫作技能。故選C。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,morekidsareusingaudiobooks(有聲書).”和最后一段“Audiobooksareinfluencingchildreninagreatway.Therefore,let’swelcomeaudiobookstohelpthemmore.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講了有聲書的好處。故選A。Passage2（2024·江蘇南京·三模）IfIhadacold,Iwouldn’tthinktwiceabouttellingmyfriendsormydoctor.Forsomereason,however,ifIhadamental(心理的)problem,Imightnottreatitinthesameway.Atmyelementaryschool,mentalhealthwasnotdiscussedevenonceasfarasIcanremember.Thismakesmewonderhowmanyotherschoolsarefailingtoeducatetheirstudentsonthistopic.Itmakesmesadthatchildrengrowingupwithmentalillnessmayfeellikeitissomethingtobeashamedof(對……感到羞恥的)becauseitisneverdiscussed.WhenIreachedhighschool,mentalhealthwasstillseldomdiscussed.Butwhenitwasinthetopicofhealthorbiologyclass,Iwasgivenabroadideathatmentalillnesswasa“thing”thatreallylies.Inmyopinion,overstressedhighschoolstudentscouldbenefit(獲益)greatlyfrommoredeepdiscussionsabouthowtodealwithmentalhealthproblems,suchashowtoknowwhenyoushouldcareaboutyourselforafriend,orwhotoreachoutforhelp.IknowmyfriendsandIcouldhavebenefited.Evenifyoupersonallyhaveneverfacedmentalhealthproblems,someoneyouknowissuretohave,andyoucanoffertimelyhelp.Ialsobelieveweneedtonormalize(使……正?；?discussionsaboutmentalhealthatanearlyage,ratherthanhidingthemfromsight.Atschool,Isawastudent’sreportonmentalhealtheducationandhowitcanbecarriedoutintheAmericanschoolsystem.ThestudentusedthefilmInisideOuttoexplainfeelingstoyoungerkids.Thisreportmademebelievethatitispossibletostartthesediscussionsatayoungageifwetry.Althoughwecan’tchangethewaypeoplethinkaboutmentalhealthoveronenight,therearestillthingswecando.Askingourfriendshowthey’refeelingisagoodstart.6．HowdoesthewriterintroducehistopicinParagraph1?A．Byshowingfacts. B．Bygivingnumbers.C．Bymakingcomparison. D．Bysharingastory.7．Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromthestudent’sreport?A．Kidswhoarehealthyoutsidemightbeillinside.B．Mentalhealthdiscussionscanbeheldwithyoungkids.C．TheAmericanschoolsystemisopentomentalhealtheducation.D．Watchingeducationalfilmscanhelpchildrenwithmentalillness.8．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthearticle?A．①②③/④/⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③④⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤9．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Mentalhealthmatters! B．Isitokayifit’snotgood?C．Theearlier,thebetter! D．Howtopayattentiontomentalhealth?【答案】6．C7．B8．D9．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述心理健康問題普遍不被討論的現(xiàn)象，討論了心理健康的重要性及其教育問題。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IfIhadacold,Iwouldn’tthinktwiceabouttellingmyfriendsormydoctor.Forsomereason,however,ifIhadamental(心理的)problem,Imightnottreatitinthesameway.”可知如果得了感冒，會不假思索地告訴朋友或醫(yī)生，但是如果有了心理問題，卻不一定會這樣做。作者以對比的方式，引出心理健康問題不被討論的話題，故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisreportmademebelievethatitispossibletostartthesediscussionsatayoungageifwetry.”可知作者從報(bào)告中了解到，心理健康討論可以在小學(xué)生中進(jìn)行，故選B。8．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，作者在第一段提出心理健康問題不被說出來的普遍現(xiàn)象；第二段講述小學(xué)把心理問題羞于談?wù)摰默F(xiàn)象；第三段和第四段介紹了作者關(guān)于盡早開始談?wù)撔睦斫】祮栴}的建議；最后一段總結(jié)作者的觀點(diǎn)：無法在一夜之間改變別人看待心理健康的方式，但我們?nèi)杂兴鶠?。故選D。9．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論心理健康的重要性及其教育問題，標(biāo)題A應(yīng)能概括文章主旨。故選A。Passage3（2024·山西運(yùn)城·三模）請閱讀下面的短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Asthesayinggoes,“Ifyoucan’tbeaforest,youcanbeatree.Ifyoucan’tbethesun,trytolearntobeastar.”Mostofthetime,itisnotthesizethatdetermines(決定)successorfailure,butthefactthatweshouldbethebestourselves.Maybeyou’renottheonewhogetsthehighestscoreinatestinyourclass.Maybeyou’renotthekidyourparentsaresoproudof.Infact,therearemanydreamsthatwecannotrealizebecauseweneedtoimproveourabilitiesandskills.Itcouldalsobethatmanydreamsthemselvestakealotoftime.Weneedtobepatient.Afterwefailmanytimes,wewillgetalotofexperienceandwisdom.Wewillbestrongerandmorehopefulafterthis.Inthisprocess,wechangeourheartsandfeelingsandtryourbest.It’scalledbeingthebestourselves.Theforestishometomanyanimals.Itprovidesfoodandsafetyforthem,butasmalltreecanalsobeaplaceofunwindforthebirds.Thesunmakespeoplewarmanditcanprovidealltheenergyneededforlifeontheearth,butstarscanalsolightthewayforthosewhowalkatnight,andgivehopeanddirectiontothoseintrouble.Everyonecanbehelpfultoothersandsocietyaslongaswemakeeffortstodoourbest.Everyonehastheirowntalentsandabilities.There’saproperplaceforeveryone.Wedon’tneedtomakethosedreamsfarawayfromuscometrue.Untilthen,choosetobetrueandbebestself,youwillmakeadifferenceintheworld.10．Whymightsomedreamstakealongtimetoachieve?A．Becausepeopleareusuallynotpatient.B．Becausealldreamsaredifficulttorealize.C．Becausewedon’thaveenoughabilitiesandskills.11．Accordingtothepassage,howcanwebethebestourselves?A．Bygettingthehighestscore.B．Bylearningfromthefailure.C．Bybeingtheprideofourparents.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“aplaceofunwind”probablymean?A．Arestingplace. B．Aboringplace. C．Anexcitingplace.13．Whydoesthewritertalkabouttheforest,thetree,thesunandthestarsinParagraph3?A．Toshowwecanmakeourdreamscometrue.B．Toshowthesizedeterminessuccessorfailure.C．Toshowwecanmakeourselveshelpfulifwetryourbest.14．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．PracticeHardforSuccessB．NeverGiveupYourDreams C．ImproveYourselftoBetheBest【答案】10．C11．B12．A13．C14．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要論述了關(guān)于個人價值和追求的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)不必追求成為最宏大的存在，而應(yīng)努力做最好的自己。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Infact,therearemanydreamsthatwecannotrealizebecauseweneedtoimproveourabilitiesandskills.Itcouldalsobethatmanydreamsthemselvestakealotoftime.”可知，有可能是因?yàn)樽约旱哪芰图寄懿蛔悖判枰ㄙM(fèi)很長時間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想。故選C。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Afterwefailmanytimes,wewillgetalotofexperienceandwisdom.Wewillbestrongerandmorehopefulafterthis.Inthisprocess,wechangeourheartsandfeelingsandtryourbest.It’scalledbeingthebestourselves.”可知，通過從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，我們可以成為最好的自己。故選B。12．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Theforestishometomanyanimals.Itprovidesfoodandsafetyforthem,butasmalltreecanalsobeaplaceofunwindforthebirds.”可知，此處所描述的都是好的一面，表示森林是許多動物的家園，它為動物們提供食物和安全保障，但一棵小樹也可以是鳥兒放松的地方。劃線詞匯“aplaceofunwind”意為“一個放松的地方”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，劃線詞匯也可意為“一個休息的地方”。故選A。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theforestishometomanyanimals.Itprovidesfoodandsafetyforthem,butasmalltreecanalsobeaplaceofunwindforthebirds.Thesunmakespeoplewarmanditcanprovidealltheenergyneededforlifeontheearth,butstarscanalsolightthewayforthosewhowalkatnight,andgivehopeanddirectiontothoseintrouble.Everyonecanbehelpfultoothersandsocietyaslongaswemakeeffortstodoourbest.”可知，作者通過森林和樹、太陽和星星的比喻來說明我們只要盡力，就能使自己對他人和社會有用。故選C。14．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文后可知，本文主要論述了關(guān)于個人價值和追求的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)不必追求成為最宏大的存在，而應(yīng)努力做最好的自己。選項(xiàng)C“提升自我，成為最好的自己”符合文意，為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。Passage4（2024·山東臨沂·三模）WeallknowthattherearetwoversionsofwrittenChinesecharacters.PeopleinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanusetraditionalcharacters.AndontheChinesemainlandwewritewithsimplifiedones.However,atthisyear’sChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC),well-knownfilmdirectorFengXiaogangsuggestedthatschoolsshouldteachstudents50-200ofthemostmeaningfultraditionalChinesecharacters.“Itisnottogetridofthesimplifiedcharacters,buttoletthechildrenknowaboutthemostimportantpartoftraditionalChineseculture,”saidFeng.Taketwosimplifiedcharactersasanexample,“親”(meaningdear,orrelatives)and“愛”(meaninglove).Thetraditionalversionfor“親”is“親”,whichhasanextra“見”meaning“see”;while“愛”iswrittenas“愛”inthetraditionalway,whichhasanextra“心”meaning“heart”.“Loveneeds‘heart’andrelativesneedto‘see’eachother,”Fengsaid.“Thesimplifiedversionsofthesecharactershavelosttheirhumantouch.”LearningtraditionalChinesewillalsohelppeoplebetterunderstandChinesehistoricalworkswrittenintraditionalcharacters,saidLuBo,editor-in-chiefofMacaoDailyNews.However,manypeoplethinkitnotnecessarytodoso.Theysaysimplifiedcharactersareeasiertolearnandwrite,andpeoplehavegotusedtothem.“TraditionalChinesecharactersaretoohardforbeginners,andstudentsdon’thavethelanguageenvironmentoutsidetheclassroom,”ZhangJian,aGuangzhouprimaryschoolteacher,toldtheYangchengEveningNews.Moreover,thesimplifiedcharacterscomefromthetraditionalones,whichmeanstheycanalsopromoteandkeeptraditionalculture,saidChinesecharacterexpertDangHuaixing.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。15．HowdoesthewriterexplaintheimportanceoflearningsometraditionalChinesecharacters?A．Byexplainingreasons. B．Bygivingexamples. C．Bylistingnumbers.16．WhousuallywriteChinesecharacter“愛”intheirpassage?A．PeoplefromBeijing. B．PeoplefromShandong. C．PeoplefromTaiwan.17．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“getridof”intheparagraph2?A．giveup B．make...better C．keep...alive18．What’sthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardslearningtraditionalcharacters?A．Thewriterstronglysupportstheidea.B．Thewriterfeelsdisappointedabouttheidea.C．Thewritertalksabouttheideaobjectively.【答案】15．B16．C17．A18．C【導(dǎo)語】本文就“學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)繁體字”給出了一些人的不同意見。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Taketwosimplifiedcharactersasanexample,…‘Thesimplifiedversionsofthesecharactershavelosttheirhumantouch.’”可知，文章通過舉例子的形式解釋學(xué)習(xí)繁體字的重要性，故選B。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PeopleinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanusetraditionalcharacters.”以及“while‘愛’iswrittenas‘愛’inthetraditionalway”可知，港澳臺的人們經(jīng)常寫這個“愛”。故選C。17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Itisnottogetridofthesimplifiedcharacters,buttoletthechildrenknowaboutthemostimportantpartoftraditionalChineseculture”可知，這不是為了擺脫簡體字，而是為了讓孩子們了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化中最重要的部分，短語“getridof”指的是“擺脫，放棄”。故選A。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WeallknowthattherearetwoversionsofwrittenChinesecharacters.PeopleinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanusetraditionalcharacters.AndontheChinesemainlandwewritewithsimplifiedones.”以及通讀全文可知，作者是客觀地談?wù)摿瞬煌娜耸繉W(xué)生是否學(xué)習(xí)繁體字的一些意見。故選C。Passage5（2024·廣東廣州·二模）Technologyhasdoneourworldwonders:fromdevelopmentinmedicine,travel,communication,toourday-to-daylives.Ithasundoubtedlychangedthewayoursocietyworks,andhowwecommunicatewithoneanotherandourselves.However,bycompletelywelcomingtechnologyasapartofeverydaylife,arewelosingourabilitytocreate?Technologypresentsanewplatformforcreativitytoexiston.Throughtechnology,ideascanbesetfreeandcometolifeinthephysicalworld.Wehavethenecessarytoolsforgreaterpossibilitiesandnewsolutions.Forexample,businessesnowhavetheopportunitytoimprovethemselvesmorecreativelythroughwebsites,filmadvertisements,socialmediaorradio.However,whenwelookmoreclosely,it’seasytonoticesomedisadvantages.Forexample,manyofusdependsoheavilyonautomatedcalculations(自動計(jì)算)nowadays,ratherthantakingthetimetoworkitoutforourselves.Anotherobvioussituationisthatalotofpeoplearespendingtoomuchtimeonscreens.Asaresult,theyarereducingtheopportunitiestocomeupwiththeirowncreations.Isthereawaytofindabalancebetweentechnologyandhumancreativity?Ithinkso.Itissimplyamatterofmakingsurethatcreativityisnotdeterredbytechnology.Thefirstwayistoreduceourusageofdigitaldevices(數(shù)字設(shè)備)bysettinglimitsonwhen,where,andhowlongweusethem,turningoffthenotifications(通知)onyourphone,orputtingyourphoneon“DoNotDisturb”.Onceyoubecomeusedtothese,youwillfeelsurprisedhowlittleyouthinkaboutyourphone.Anotherwonderfulwayistotakedailywalksinthenature.Itcanhelpyoureset,re-balance,andkeepgoing.Inthelongrun,adailywalkcannotonlyinfluenceourcreativityandimaginationbutfurtherourphysicalandmentalhealth.Wecanalsodevelopourcreativitybydoingyoga,keepingadiary,orreading.Thekeytothesurvivalofourcreativitystartswithus.Willyouputyourphoneawaywhenspendingtimewithfriends?Willyoutrytofindhappinessandpurposeoutsideofascreen?Theactionyouchoosetotakewillhelpchangetherelationshipbetweencreativityandtechnologyforthebetter.19．Whydoesthewritertalkaboutbusinessesinparagraph2?A．Tostresstheimportanceofcreativity.B．Tosuggestgoodwaystodeveloptechnology.C．Toshowtheeffectthattechnologyhasoncreativity.D．Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenbusinessandcreativity.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deterred”meaninparagraph4?A．Examined. B．Controlled. C．Replaced. D．Prevented.21．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A．Limitingtheusageofourphonescanhelpustodevelopcreativity.B．Spendingtimeonscreensistheeasiestwaytokeeppeoplefocused.C．Turningoffthenotificationsonthephonewillmakepeopleworried.D．Adailywalkdoesmoregoodtophysicalhealththantomentalhealth.22．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CreativityinaWorldofTechnology:DoesItExist?B．Technology:HowDoesItHelptoDevelopOurCreativity?C．TechnologyandCreativity:WhichofThemIsMoreImportant?D．TechnologyandCreativity:HowDoTheyInfluenceEachOther?【答案】19．C20．D21．A22．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了科技和人類創(chuàng)造力的相互影響。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Technologypresentsanewplatformforcreativitytoexiston.Throughtechnology,ideascanbesetfreeandcometolifeinthephysicalworld.Wehavethenecessarytoolsforgreaterpossibilitiesandnewsolutions.Forexample,businessesnowhavetheopportunitytoimprovethemselvesmorecreativelythroughwebsites,filmadvertisements,socialmediaorradio.”可知，作者在第二段提到企業(yè)是為了展示技術(shù)對創(chuàng)造力的影響。故選C。20．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)和“Asaresult,theyarereducingtheopportunitiestocomeupwiththeirowncreations.”可知，人們通過使用技術(shù)從而使自己減少了創(chuàng)作的機(jī)會，結(jié)合“Isthereawaytofindabalancebetweentechnologyandhumancreativity?Ithinkso.Itissimplyamatterofmakingsurethatcreativityisnotdeterredbytechnology.”可知，有辦法在技術(shù)和人類創(chuàng)造力之間找到平衡，也就是確保創(chuàng)造力不被技術(shù)的阻礙。deterred的意思應(yīng)為“阻止”。故選D。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ Thefirstwayistoreduceourusageofdigitaldevices(數(shù)字設(shè)備)bysettinglimitsonwhen,where,andhowlongweusethem,turningoffthenotifications(通知)onyourphone,orputtingyourphoneon‘DoNotDisturb’.Onceyoubecomeusedtothese,youwillfeelsurprisedhowlittleyouthinkaboutyourphone.”可知，限制手機(jī)的使用可以幫助我們培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力。故選A。22．最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Isthereawaytofindabalancebetweentechnologyandhumancreativity?”可知，文章主要講述了科技和人類創(chuàng)造力的相互影響。故選D。Passage6（2024·浙江金華·三模）①“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.Butcanwetakethissayingliterally?②Onepopularviewisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,hewillreach“perfection”,orinotherwords,becomeanexpertinafield.ItwasgivenbyMalcolmGladwellinhisbest-sellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates,whoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.③However,Gladwell’sbookhasbeensaidbymanytobetoosimplisticandgeneralizing(概括).AndersEricssonarguedthat10,000hourswasjustanaveragefigure.Somepeoplemayneedfewerthan10,000hoursandothersmayneedmore.Healsosaidthatpractisingalotwasnotenough,thetypeandqualityofpracticealsomadeadifference.Mostimportantly,hementionedtheimportanceof“deliberate(刻意)practice”.Whenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanasawhole,it’llbemuchmoreeffective,thoughit’stiring.④Manyotherstudiesarguethatpracticealoneisfarfromenough.Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manyotherfactors(因素)suchasIQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagecanalsocounted.Naturaltalentisanimportantfactor,especiallyinsports.Forinstance,manybaseballplayersinAmericawithamazingvisioncanseetheballmuchsoonerthanothersdo.Successalsodependsonsocialfactors,environmentalfactors,andevenjustbeingintherightplaceattherighttime!⑤Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadustoimprovement.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inPara.2referto(指代)?A．Theview. B．Theword. C．Thebook. D．Thefield.24．WhatisAndersEricsson’sattitude(態(tài)度)toGladwell’sviewonpractice?A．Amazed. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.25．WhichofthefollowingisespeciallyimportantinsportsaccordingtoPrincetonUniversity’sstudy?A．IQ. B．Personality. C．Naturaltalent. D．Startingage.26．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Practicemakesbetter. B．Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C．Everymanhashisprice. D．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.【答案】23．A24．D25．C26．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了“熟能生巧”的觀點(diǎn)。23．代詞指代題。根據(jù)“Onepopularviewisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,hewillreach“perfection”,orinotherwords,becomeanexpertinafield.ItwasgivenbyMalcolmGladwell”可知，如果一個人練習(xí)至少1萬個小時，他將達(dá)到“完美”，這是MalcolmGladwell的一種觀點(diǎn)，因此“it”指代“Theview.”。故選A。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“AndersEricssonarguedthat10,000hourswasjustanaveragefigure.Somepeoplemayneedfewerthan10,000hoursandothersmayneedmore.Healsosaidthatpractisingalotwasnotenough,thetypeandqualityofpracticealsomadeadifference.”可推知，AndersEricsson對Gladwell的觀點(diǎn)表示懷疑。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Naturaltalentisanimportantfactor,especiallyinsports.”可知，普林斯頓大學(xué)的研究表明天賦在體育運(yùn)動中特別重要。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadustoimprovement.”可知，作者認(rèn)為：練習(xí)不一定能達(dá)到完美，但是刻意的練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能讓我們進(jìn)步。故可推知，作者可能會同意選項(xiàng)A的表述。故選A。Passage7（2024·浙江舟山·三模）Inthewild,wolveswithbrokenlegsoftenfaceanunluckyresult,waitingfordeath.Yet,intheHohXilNationalNatureReserve(可可西里國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū))inQinghai,onesuchwolfhadadifferentfate(命運(yùn)).Itgrewfromapoor,thinonetoafat,happywolfbecausetouristsintheareaoftenfedit.This“actofkindness”ledpeopletoask:Shouldtouristsfeedthewolf?Supportersarguethatwithoutfeeding,thewolfwoulddiebecauseitcouldn’tgetfoodbyitself.Butthosewhodonotagreewiththeideabelievethathumansshouldnotmesswith(干擾)thenaturalorder.Science,however,providesuswithananswer.ResearchpublishedinScientificReportsinJune2019studiedhowhumanfeedinginfluencedthelivesofbottlenosedolphins(寬吻海豚)nearBunbury,Australia.DolphinstherecansometimesgetfoodfromtheDolphinDiscoveryCentre.Afterstudyingmorethan10yearsofdata,thescientistsfoundthatdolphinslookingforfoodfromboatshadahigherriskofdeaththanthosewhofoundfoodthemselves.Thisisbecausetheymaygethitbyboatsorcaughtbyfishermen.Feedingwildanimalsmayleadanimalstodependonhumansforfood,warnedDaiQiang,ascientistattheChengduInstituteofBiologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.What’smore,sickanimalsmaybringdiseasestopeoplewhofeedthem.So,ifwecomeacrossawildanimalthatseemstoneedourhelp,whatshouldwedo?Doesitmeanthereisnothingwecando?Ofcoursenot.QiXinzhang,thedirectorofXiningWildlifePark,advisedthat▲27．WhydoesthewritertalkaboutthewolfinQinghai?A．Topresentthewriter’sopinion. B．Toguidereaderstothink.C．Toleadintothesubject. D．Tointroducethemainideaofthepassage.28．Whydidthebottlenosedolphinshaveahigherriskofdeathaccordingtothetext?A．Becausetheyhadsomediseases.B．Becausetheycouldn’tgetfoodbythemselves.C．Becausehumansoftenmesswiththenaturalorder.D．Becausetheymaybehurtbyboatsorfishingnets.29．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthebesttofillintheblank“▲”A．it’snecessarytostayawayfromit.B．it’sabetterchoicetothrowsomefoodtoit.C．it’sunnecessarytodoanythingforitbecauseithasitsownfate.D．it’sbesttoreporttheanimaltothegovernmentinsteadofjustfeedingit.30．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Shouldtouristsfeedawildanimal? B．AnimalsneedourhelpC．Thewildanimalsareindanger D．Shouldwildanimalslivebythemselves?【答案】27．C28．D29．D30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要討論了野生動物是否應(yīng)該被投喂。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Yet,intheHohXilNationalNatureReserve(可可西里國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū))inQinghai,onesuchwolfhadadifferentfate(命運(yùn)).”以及“This‘a(chǎn)ctofkindness’ledpeopletoask:Shouldtouristsfeedthewolf?”可知，作者提到青海的狼是為了引出文章的話題。故選C。28．