考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷284

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Fordecades,ferryboatscrossedthecoldwatersofMichigan'sStraitsofMackinac,

shuttlingpeopleandvehiclesbetweenthetwohalvesofthesplit-upstate.Sincethe

1880s,Michiganresidentsdreamedofabridgethatwouldspanthe4-milegapbetween

MackinawCityandSt.Ignace,anareathatlimitedtourisminMackinacIslandand

disturbedcommerceintheremoteUpperPeninsula.Becauseconstructionwouldbehard,

withhighwindsandharshwinters,someengineerssuggestedafloatingtunneloraseries

ofsmallbridgesinstead.But,bythe1940s,withlinesforferryboatssometimes

stretchingfbr16miles,theideaofonecontinuousspanwonout.Andwhataspanit

turnedouttobe.Fivemileslong,the"MightyMac,'1whichopenedtotrafficonNov.1,

1957,wastobecometheworld'slongestsuspensionbridgebetweencableanchorages.

Eventoday,itremainsthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheWesternHemisphereandihe

third-longestbridgeintheworld.DesignedbyengineerDavidB.Steinman,thebridge

wasbuiltinjustthreeyears,ontimeandonbudget.Thatwasaremarkablefeatinitself.

Butthechallengesweresogreat-33ofthebridge's34pieceshadtobebuiltunder

water-thatfiveworkersperishedduringconstruction.Onemandieddiving,onefellina

caissonwhilewelding,anotherdrowned,andtwofellfromacatwalk.Thebridgehas

seenmanytragediessince.OnSept.10,1978,threeNationalGuardofficersinaprivate

planegotlostinathickfbgandcrashedintothecablesofthenorthtower.In1989,a

womanwaskilledwhengalelorcewinds—andherexcessivespeed—liftedher1987

Yugointotheair,sendingit150feetintothewater.Andin1997,asportutilityvehicle

tooktheplunge.Althoughauthoritiesbelievedthelatterincidenttohavebeenasuicide,

thebridgedoesnotattractjumperstheway,forinstance,theGoldenGatedoes.In1977,

LawrenceRubinoftheMackinacBridgeAuthoritysharedhistheoryonthelackof

IcapcrswiththeDetroitNews:"Peoplewhocommitsuicidelikeattention.Butit's

peacefulhere...youcouldjumpoffthisbridge,anditmighttakeyearsbeforeanybody

foundout."Thebridgeauthorityacknowledgesthattheprospectofsuchexcitementmay

beoverwhelmingforsome,whichiswhyitoffersfreeescortsforgephyrobiacs—people

withafearofcrossingbridges.Eachyear,hundredsofdriverstakeadvantageofthe

service.

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Michigan'sStraitsofMackinac

A-.realizedMichiganresidents'dreamtohaveabridge.

B、becameatouristattractioninMackinacIsland.

C、depressedtheferryserviceintheStateofMichigan.

D、blockedthedevelopmentofcommerceinUpperPeninsula,

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。其中講到密歇根麥基諾水道限

制了麥基諾島旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展并阻礙了與遙遠(yuǎn)的上半島之間的商貿(mào)往來，故D項(xiàng)正

確。

2、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthereasonforbuildingacontinuousspanisthat

A、theconstructionwasdangerousbecauseofsevereweather.

B、theengineerswantedtobuildthelongestsuspensionbridge.

C、buildingafloatingtunneloraseriesofbridgeswasimpossible.

D、ferryboatscoveredtoomanypointlessmilesandwastedtime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)conlinuousspan定位在第二段。該

段說明由于渡船的航線有時(shí)延長至16英里，因此建設(shè)一座連續(xù)的跨橋這一想法最

終脫穎而出，故D項(xiàng)與之相符。

3、Thetragedyoffiveconstructionworkersiscitedtoprovethat

A、thebridgeisaremarkablefeatinitself.

B、thebridgehasseenmanytragedies.

C、challengestobuildthebridgeweretremendous.

D、theauthorityemployedunqualifiedworkers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)iragedy定位到第三段。其中講述

的大橋意外都是為了突出說明雖然它是一件了不起的杰作，但在其建設(shè)過程中遇到

的挑戰(zhàn)也是巨大的，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4、UnderLawrenceRubin'stheory,

A、theGoldenGateBridgeisthebestplaceforsuicide.

B、theMackinacBridgeismuchsaferthantheGoldenGate.

C、theMackinacBridgeistoopeacefulforsuicides.

D、theMackinacBridgeisnotfrequentlyusedbythepublic.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)LawrenceRubin定位到第四段。其中解釋了麥基

諾大橋不像其他大橋那么吸引墜橋自殺者的原因，即想要自殺的人希望引起人們的

注意，但麥基諾大橋這兒太平靜了，故C項(xiàng)正確。

5、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefreeescortsprovidedbythebridge

authority?

A^Itdoesnogoodtothepeoplewithgephyrobiacs.

B>Ilicducestheexcileineiitofcrossingdiebridge.

C^Itmakesthebridgeasaferplacethanotherbridges.

D、Itiswell-intentionedbutmisusedbysomepeople.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)freeescorts定位到第五段。其中講到，大橋官方

機(jī)構(gòu)免費(fèi)為害怕過橋的人提供護(hù)送隊(duì)，但是每年上百名大橋護(hù)送隊(duì)司機(jī)都會(huì)乘機(jī)利

用這項(xiàng)服務(wù)謀取私利，故D項(xiàng)與之相符。

Whenitcametomoral"reasoning,"weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongare

rational,butultimatelytheyarcgroundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthis

claimforaquarterofamillenniumwithoutresolution.Time'sup!Nowscientistsarmed

withbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoral

judgment,emotionisoftendecisive.HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGreenedoesbrain

scansofpeopleastheypondertheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposeatrolleyisrolling

downthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullaleverthatdivertsitonto

anothertrack—where,unfortunately,liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,

mostpeoplesay:minimizingthelossoflife—a"utilitarian"goal,asphilosophersputit—

istherightthingtodo.Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopush

someoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebodywillbringthetrolleytoahalt

beforeithitstheothers.It'sstillaone-for-fiveswap,andyoustillinitiatetheactionthat

doomstheone-butnowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbe

wrongtodothisdeal.Why?AccordingtoGreene'sbrainscans,thesecondscenariomore

thoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedtoemotionthandoesthelever-pulling

scenario.Apparentlytheintuitiveaversiontogivingsomeoneadeadlypushisstronger

thantheaversiontoadeadlyleverpull,burtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasesthe

emotionalaversioncompetesforcontrolwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthe

secondscenariotheemotionsareusuallystrongenoughtowin.Andwhentheylose,itis

onlyafteratoughwrestlingmatch.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocent

manontothetrackstakelongertoreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapprove

ofsmotheringacryingbabyratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswho

wouldthenkillthebabyalongwithotherinnocents.PrincetonphilosopherPeterSinger

arguesthatwcshouldrc-examincourmoralintuitionsandaskwhetherthatlogicmerits

respectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe"selfish

gene1'一suchassympathythatmovestowardkinandfriends?Whynotwonymoreabout

peopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwccouldcheaplyalleviate?Isn'titbettertosave

10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-o^dfatheronlifesupport?Singer's

radicallyutilitarianbrandofmoralphilosophyhasitsworkcutoutforit.Intheabsence

ofarduouscranialwrestlingmatches,reasonmayindeedbe"slaveofthepassions."

6、FromthefirstIwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat

A、moral"reasoning"isactuallybasedonreason,notonemotion.

B、philosophershaveresolvedthedilemmabetweenreasonandemotion.

C、emotionplaysamoreimportantrolethanreasoninmoraljudgment.

D、mostphilosopherspursuetheutilitariangoalinthetrolleyproblem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)腦析：推理判斷題。答案在第一、二段里。轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞though往往標(biāo)志著

重要信息的出現(xiàn)，文中提到盡管理性可以形成道德判斷，但情感往往起著決定性作

用，故排除A選C項(xiàng)。

7、ThewordHswap"(Line3,Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto

A、change.

gamble.

C、exchange.

D、choice.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)解析：詞義推斷題。此題還同時(shí)考查了考生對指代詞的理解和把握，It在該

句指代前一句所描述的情況，即犧牲旁觀者使電車停下以挽救另外5個(gè)人的性命，

故swap有交換的意思，選C項(xiàng)。

X、ItisstatedinParagraph4thatthosewhosupportpushingthebystandertostopthe

trolley

A、arebrutalandrelentless.

B、displaythesameemotionalaversion.

C、feelguiltyaboutdoingthat.

D、havestruggledtomakethedecision.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段提到支持將旁觀者推人軌道的人要花更長的時(shí)間

做決定，故選D項(xiàng)。

9、PeterSingerseemstosuggestthat

A、weshouldcastawayourlogicandrespectemotioninthefirstplace.

B、weshouldnotonlyconcernaboutourselvesbutstarthelpeachother.

C、peoplewholiveinabundanceshouldgiveahandtothoseinpoverty.

D、weshouldcutofflifesupportfortheoldtoachievetheutilitariangoals.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)PeterSinger定位到第五段。彼得?辛格提出的一連

審反問強(qiáng)調(diào)了處于強(qiáng)勢地位的人們因注意在做道德判斷時(shí)不被情感奴役，避免私

心，從而能夠幫助更多的弱勢群體，故選C項(xiàng)。

10、Thetextintendstotellusthat

A、emotionplaysthedecisiverolewhenwemakemoraljudgment.

thestrugglebetweenreasonandemotionisanantiquetopic.

C>wcalwaysstruggletomakelifeanddeathdecisionsinourlife.

D、emotionismoreimportantandinfluentialinourlifethanisreason.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。主旨大意一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或者結(jié)尾處，該篇文章

開門見山講明情感在道德判斷中起決定性作用，故選A項(xiàng)。

Thosedaysarelonggonewhenplacingatelephonecallmeantsimplypickingupthe

receiverandaskingtheoperatortopatchyouthrough.Moderncellphonesrequireusers

tonavigateaseriesofmenustofindnumbers,placecallsorcheckmessages.Eventhe

mosttech-savvymaytakeweekstodiscoversomeofthemoremysteriousmultimedia

functions.Imaginethedifficultyforsomeoneunabletoread.Thatisthechallengefor

mobilecommunicationscompaniesaimingtobranchoutintodevelopingcountries.The

prospectsseenfromthelastdecadearcalluring:onlyaboutonetenthofIndia's

populationusecellphones.Butsellingtopoorruralareasisnotlikelytohappenwitha

marketingversionof"plugandplay."Mostpotentialbuyershavelittleexposureto

anythingotherthansimpleelectronics.Readingthroughaseriesofhierarchicalmenus

andpushingbuttonsformultiplepurposeswouldbenewconceptsforsuchcustomers.To

comeupwithasuitabledevice,Motorolareliedonateamofanthropologists,

psychologistsanddesignerstostudyhowtextuallyilliteratevillagersusetheiraging

televisions,tapeplayersandphones.Theresearchersnoticedthattheirsubjectswould

learneachbutton'sdedicatedfunction.Withsomethingmorecomplicated,suchasan

automatedtellermachine,userswouldmemorizeasetofbehaviorsinorder,which

allowedthemtomovethroughthemachine'sbasichierarchywithouthavingtoreadthe

menu.Theresearch,whichlastedthreeyears,ledMotorolatocraftacellularphone

slimmeddowntothreeessentialactivities:calling,managingnumbersandsimpletext

messaging.HAlotofthefunctionsinacellphonearenotusefultoanyone,"pointsout

GabrielWhite,whoheadedtheinteractivedesignteam.Theicon-basedinterfacealso

requiredthought.Notallcellphonecompaniesbelievethatadesignfornonliterateusers

shouldstartfromscratch.Nokia'sbehavioralresearchersnoticedthat"newbies"relyon

friendsandrelativestohelpthemwithbasicfunctions.Ratherthanconfrontingthe

challengeofacompletelynewinterface,Nokiachosetoprovidesomeaudiomenusinits

popular1100modelandapreviewmodesothatpeoplecouldtryoutfunctionswithout

theriskofchanginganythingimportant.Mobilephonesmayevenbecometoolsfor

literacy,predictsBJFogg,whostudiescomputer-humaninteractionatStanford

University.Phonesmightteachthealphabetortellastoryasusersreadalong."Imagine

ifiteventuallycouldunderstandyourweakpointsanddrillyouonthose,"Fogg

proposes.Andsoonenough,hedeclares,designsorilliterateuserswillleadtomore

straightforward,elegantphonesforeveryone.

11、Thedifferencebetweenmodemcellphonesandoldphonesliesinthat

A、itrequiresmoreintelligenceandeducationtousemodemcellphones.

B、ittakesmoreweekstogetfamiliarwithmodemcellphones.

C>modemcellphonesaremorecomplicatedwithmanyfunctions.

D、modemcellphonesaremoremysterioustoolsforpeople.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第一段鋪該段主要就是介紹了過去的老式電話和

現(xiàn)代手機(jī)使用方式上的不同，突出了現(xiàn)代手機(jī)紛繁復(fù)雜的功能及其對用戶造成的困

擾，故選C項(xiàng)。

12、Thesalesofmobilephonestopoorruralareasmaybeimpossibleprobablybecause

mostpotentialbuyers

A、havedifficultywithmenusofmultiplepurposes.

B、cannotacceptnewconceptsofmobilephones.

C、onlyreadmenusandpushbuttonsofsimpleelectronics.

D、donotlikethemarketingstrategyof"plugandplay".

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)及轉(zhuǎn)折細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)poorruralareas定位到

第二段，段中But信號詞提示新信息出現(xiàn)的地方，這段內(nèi)容提到一些營銷策略在貧

困的農(nóng)村地區(qū)行不通，因?yàn)槟抢锏拇蠖鄶?shù)潛在買家沒有接觸過復(fù)雜的電子產(chǎn)品，也

就無法理解復(fù)雜菜單和按鈕操作，故選A項(xiàng)。

13、TheresearchesheldbyMotorolashowedthatthetextuallyilliteratevillagers

A、werewillingtouseoldmachineswithlittlefunctions.

B、hadtotakesomelessonstolearnthenewfunctions.

C^couldrememberthemajorfunctionofeachbutton.

D、wouldavoidreadingthehierarchymenusofthemachine.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D'

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不識字的鄉(xiāng)下

人在遇到使用復(fù)雜電器的情況時(shí)，往往按部就班記下操作流程而不看具體操作流

程，故選D項(xiàng)。

14、Theslangtermof"newbies"(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A^newstudents.

B、newcomers.

C、newborns.

D、newwebs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：詞義推斷題。原文該處提到是在親人朋友的幫助下學(xué)會(huì)基本操作，由

此可推斷newbies有“新手”之義，B項(xiàng)正確。

15、Foggbelievesthatthefuturemobilephonescouldnot

A、teachilliteratestolearnalphabets.

B、understandtheuser'sideasandpoints.

C^helpusersexercisetheirlanguages.

D、becomemoredirectandelegant.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。B項(xiàng)中談到手機(jī)能了解人的想法，而文中提到的則是手

機(jī)能了解人的閱讀弱點(diǎn)，顯然B項(xiàng)張冠李戴了。

Themoneyisthere.Sowhyisitnotbeingspent?Thatisthebigpuzzleabouttherich

world'seffortstoimprovehealthinpoorcountries.InJunetheleadersoftheG8

promisedupto$8billiontotheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TuberculosisandMalaria,

anumbrellagroupcoordinatinghealthaid.TheGlobalFundcloseditslatestroundof

fundingapplicationsthisweekbutmuchofthemoneycommittedremainsunused.

Officialsatthefundinsistthatallisfine:disbursementsalwayslagcommitmentsand

moneycanbereleasedonlyifitwillbespenteffectively.ButexpertssuchasJoseph

DwyerofManagementSciencesforHealthsaythatthepitifulstateofpoorcountries'

healthservicesisthemainreasonforthegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatis

spent.JulianSchweitzeroftheWorldBanksaysthatphysicalandhumanshortagesin

localhealthservicesrepresent"ahugebottlenecktoaid'1.Nowtheaideffortsmaybe

makingthingsworse.JordanKassalowoftheScojoFoundation,anAmericancharity,

observesthatrichsingle-issueoutfitstendtodivertthebestmedicaltalenttotrendy

causesandawayfrombasicmedicineagainstdiarrhoeaandrespiratoryinfections一(he

chiefkillersofchildren.LaurieGarrettof(heCouncilonForeignRelationshasa

differentworry:thoseanti-coiTuptioneffortshavepusheddonorsintoanobsessionwith

oftenmeaninglessshort-termtargets.Theresultisanever-endingstreamofdocuments

andmeetings.Asharpfocusonprocessandtargetsordainedfromonhighmakesit

hardertobeflexibleandinnovativeortotakeadvantageofenterprisinglocals.Inpoor

countries,lamentsMsGarrett,"wcalmostspitontheprivatesector."Butitistheprivate

sectorthatmayofferthemostpracticalchanceofprogress.Fedupwiththecostsofan

unhealthyworkforce,manybiglocalandmultinationalfirmsinAfricaandAsiaarenow

offeringtheirowninnovativehealthschemes.Thesestartedassimpleanti-AIDSefforts

atminingfirmssuchasAngloAmerican.Nowtheyhavespread.HSBC,aLondon-based

internationalbank,recentlystartedaschemetoimproveitssuppliers'andcustomers'

health.Intraining,too,private-seetorandvoluntaryeffortsmayworkbetterthanofficial

programmes.TheInternationalCentreforEqualHealthcareAccesshastrainedthousands

oflocalhealth-careworkersinSouth-EastAsia.Kenya'sHealthStoreFoundationhas

helpednursesandcommunityhealthworkerssetupdozensoffor-profitclinicsthatreach

patientsgovernmentclinicsdon't.Suchideasmayyettransformtheworld'smost

dilapidatedhealthsystemsintobetterandmorefar-reachingones—ifonlythecurrent

waveoftop-downspendingdoesnotdrownthemout.

16、Accordingtosomeexperts,GlobalFunddelaysthedisbursementsbecause

thereremainsahugegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatisspent.

BNthe$8billioncan'tbereleaseduntilitwillbespenteffectively.

C、thesituationofhealth-careinpoorcountriespresentsatoughbarrier.

D^thephysicalconditionoflocalpeopleimposesabottlenecktoaid.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)Global