AUTOMAT1ON-

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SUSTAINABILITY

?ESG:MorethanDisclosureandRegulation

?ExxonMobilChampionsEnergyTransformation

?EnergyManagementStartswithMonitoring

?WhenAutomationMeansEmpowerment

?SmartPlantModernizationofCoreProcessControl

?TSNforTransformativeChange

?ThePowerofModernSimulation

?ControllingNonindustrial

Processes

?MQTTforSmartManufacturing

AsubsidiaryoftheInternationalSocietyofAutomation

TableofContents

AUTOMATION2024|MAYVOLUME2

SUSTAINABILITY

Page6SustainabilityBeyondDisclosureand

Regulation

JackSmith,A

HowmandatoryESGreporting,andautomationcanimprovemanufacturingoperationsandincreasethebottomline.

TheANDEquation:ExxonMobilChampions

Page13

EnergyTransformation

ByMelissaLandon,A

Alternatesourcesofenergyareplayinganincreasingroleintheglobalenergymix,butoilandgaswillcontinuebesignificant.Reducingemissionsiskey.

WhenAutomationMeansEmpowerment

Page19

ByJan-HenrikSvensson,Beamex

Howtechnology,data,andcalibrationcanhelpeliminateglobalpoverty.

Page24TSNAcceleratesPlantFloorTransformative

Change

ByJackLin,Moxa

Time-sensitivenetworkingimprovesIT-OTconvergence,whichisnecessaryforsuccessfuldigitaltransformation.

EnergyManagementStartswithEnergy

Page28

Monitoring

ByDanielWhite,Opto22

Byreducingenergyconsumption,organizationscansave

thousandsonelectricity,maintainmachinehealth,andreducetheircarbonfootprint.

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TableofContentsContinued

AUTOMATION2024|MAYVOLUME2

SUSTAINABILITY

Page32SmartPlantModernizationofCoreProcessControl

ByJonasBerge,ISAFellow,Emerson

Followtheserecommendationstoreduceemissions,improveenergyefficiency,andstopoverconsumption.

LeveragingthePowerofModernSimulation

Page43

ByRickKephart,Emerson

Digitaltwintechnologyiscriticaltonavigatingthenew,morecomplexenergygenerationlandscape.

MQTT:ThePathtoSmartManufacturing

Page51

Sustainability

ByRaviSubramanyan,HiveMQ

MQTT-basedstrategiesconsiderthemanufacturingenvironmentandcontinuallyseekopportunitiesforimprovement.

ControllingNonindustrialProcessesto

Page55

MitigateClimateChangeEffects

ByReneeBassett,A

BelaLiptak’snewbook,“ControllingtheFuture,”describeshowautomationprofessionalscanhelptackletheeffectsofclimatechange.

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Withplant-floor-provenoperational

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TRUSTEDBY

AboutAUTOMATION2021

TheAUTOMATION2021ebookseriescoversIndustry4.0,smartmanufacturing,IIoT,cybersecurity,connectivity,machineand

processcontrolandmoreforindustrialautomation,processcontrolandinstrumentationprofessionals.Tosubscribetoebooksandnewsletters,visit:

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AUTOMATION2021ispublishedsixtimesperyear(February,April,June,August,October,December)byA,asubsidiaryofISA—theInternationalSocietyofAutomation.Toadvertise,visit:

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Introduction

SPONSORS

AUTOMATION2024|MAYVOLUME2

SAnternat。naS。cety。fAt。mat。n

settinthestandardf。rAut。mati。nTM

DigitalTransformationforSustainability

TM

Environmentalresponsibilityisincreasinglybeingseenas

fundamentaltobusinesssuccessandgrowth,andautomation

professionalsareoftencalledupontohelpcompaniesachieve

corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)andsustainabilitygoals.

TheInternationalSocietyofAutomation(ISA)iscommitted

to“makingtheworldabetterplacethroughautomation”

inductive

automatione

regardingsustainabilitybysupportingnewwaystoaccelerate

environmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)activitiesacross

manufacturing,industry,andinfrastructure.Apositionpaper,

AchievingSustainabilityGoalswithAutomation

,discusses

balancingeconomicopportunityandenvironmentalresponsibility.

Whetheryou’rehelpingcustomersreachtheirESGgoals

orarelookingforwaystosupportyourcompany’sactivities

relatedtoenergyuse,carbonemissionsmanagement,andotherinitiatives,you’llfindinspirationinthisissueofAUTOMATION

2024.Theauthorsshowhowandwhereindustrialoperationscanbeleveragedtomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechangeorsupportanendtoglobalpoverty.Othershighlighttheroleautomation

playsintheglobalenergysector’sshiftfromfossil-basedsystemsofenergyproductionandconsumption—includingoil,naturalgasandcoal—torenewableenergysourceslikewindandsolar.

ReneeBassett

ChiefEditor

rbassett@

AboutAUTOMATION2024

TheAUTOMATION2024ebookseriescoversIndustry4.0,smartmanufacturing,IIoT,cybersecurity,connectivity,machineand

processcontrolandmoreforindustrialautomation,processcontrolandinstrumentationprofessionals.Tosubscribetoebooksandnewsletters,visit:

/newslettersubscription

.

AUTOMATION2024ispublishedfivetimesperyear(March,May,July,September,andNovember)byA,asubsidiaryofInternationalSocietyofAutomation(ISA).Toadvertise,visit:

/en-us/advertise

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ReneeBassett,ChiefEditor

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ChrisNelson,AdvertisingSalesRep

InternationalSocietyofAutomation

SettingtheStandardforAutomation?

groups/68581

automationdotcom

@automation_com

chris@

RichardT.Simpson,AdvertisingSalesRep

rsimpson@

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company/intern

ationalsocietyofautomation

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e

Trademarksusedinthisdocumentarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.MAY2024■SUSTAINABILITY5

AUTOMATION2024VOLUME2

Sustainability

BeyondDisclosureandRegulation

HowmandatoryESG

reporting,andautomation,canimprovemanufacturingoperationsandincreasethebottomline.

ByJackSmith,

A

Data—whetherfinancialoroperational,isattheheartofenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)regulationandreporting.Sowhile

sustainabilitymaybeacorporateobjective,themandatesrelatedtoESGbothdependonandaffectoperationsontheplantfloor.Becauseofthat,theautomationprofessionalsworkingtocreateandoptimizeplantflooroperationshaveanimportantroletoplayincorporate

sustainabilityefforts.

InhissessionattheIoTSolutionsWorldCongressinBarcelona,ISAPastPresidentandExecutiveBoardmemberCarlosMandolesispoke

abouthowautomationcanhelpcompaniesachievesustainabilitygoals.“Ithinkthere’samissingopportunityfortheautomationprofessionalsrelatedtosustainabilityinitiatives,”hesaid.“TherearealotofbusinessconsultantsandfinancepeopleinvolvedwithESGreporting,alotof

Board-andC-leveldiscussions,andlotsofPowerPoints.Thereisalot

oftalkbutnorealaction.Theautomationprofessionalsaretheones

whocanmakearealimpactbecausetheyknowtheirplantsand

processes,andtheyknowthecauseandeffect,sotheyuseautomationtechnologiestohelpcompaniesmakeanimpact.”

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MandatoryESG

reportingisareaIityformorethan39000

U.S.companiesduetotheEU,sCSRD.

ESGreportingrequiresdata

TheCorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective(CSRD)tookeffectforeligibleEUentitiesincorporatefiscalyear2024.Organizationswere

tostartimplementingESGreportingcapabilitiesandinfrastructurein2023topreparetheirCSRDreportingfor2024andbeyond.AccordingtoanOctober2023articlebyJimDeLoach,managingdirectorhostofTheProtivitiView,mandatoryESGreportingisarealityformorethan3,000U.S.companiesduetotheEU’sCSRD.

“CSRDcompliancerequiressubstantialdatacollection,cross-

functionalcollaboration,and,potentially,newreportinginfrastructure.Organizationsshouldbegincrucialpreparatoryworkimmediately

toimprovethesophisticationandrigoroftheirinternalcontrolsandgovernanceoversightrelatedtodatacollection.”

DeLoachalsosaidthedatathatfeedstheCSRDdisclosuresmustbetrusted,accurate,complete,andwell-defined.“Satisfyingthis

needrepresentsamassivechallengeformostcompaniesgiventhat

ESGdataispredominantlyunstructured,storedinmanydifferent

formats,andpulledfromnumeroussystems,applications,andsources

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throughoutthecompanyanditsthirdparties.Formostorganizations,financialdatagovernanceandmanagementlikelyisfarmore

sophisticatedthantheircurrentESG-relateddatagovernanceandmanagementprocesses.”

WhilemuchoftheESGemphasisisaimedatinvestingand

financialconsiderations,thefocusonreporting(mandatoryor

otherwise)cannotbeignored.“Companiesarefacingaconsiderable

increaseinthedemandforstandardizedESGdisclosurerulesand

reports,”saidCarolJohnston,globalvicepresidentfortheenergy,utility,andresourcesindustryatenterprisesoftwarecompanyIFS.“Itmeans

companiesarereallyfacingincreaseddemandsforhighqualitydatadisclosure—anddataitself—andnotjustfromstakeholders.

Formostorganizations,financialdatagovernanceand

managementlikelyisfarmoresophisticatedthantheircurrentESG-relateddatagovernanceandmanagementprocesses.

Measurementdeliversdata

Datareporting—whetherfinancial,whichinformationtechnology(IT)departmentsarereallygoodat;oroperational,whichencompasses

almosteverythingelse—isattherootofESGrequirements.Operationaltechnology(OT)is(orshouldbe)responsibleforaccuratedata

capturedfromenterpriseresourceplanning(ERP),manufacturing

executionsystems(MES),enterpriseassetmanagement(EAM)—

includingcomputerizedmaintenancemanagementsystems(CMMS)—emissionsrecords,andmore.Organizationsmustembedsustainabilitythroughouttheentirecompanytounlockrelevantdatahiddenwithintheirinfrastructure,whichwillfuture-prooforganizationsandensure

obligatorycomplianceandthereforecostsavings.

InJuly2023,theInternationalSocietyofAutomation(ISA)releaseditspositionpaper,“

AchievingSustainabilityGoalswithAutomation

.”As

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thepaperdescribes,automationhasasignificantroletoplayinachievingsustainabilitygoals,andoffersnewwaystoaccelerateESGactivities

acrossmanufacturing,industry,andbeyond.Fromthepositionpaper:

“Measurementisagreatexampleofhowautomationcanoffer

immediate,accuratemonitoringdirectlyinproduction,ratherthanin

alaboratoryfacility—makingiteasierforcompaniesand[regulators]tomonitorforcompliance.Dataisincreasinglyavailableandistransparenttostakeholders,oftenwithalayerofanalysispoweredbymachine

learning[ML]orartificialintelligence[AI]toidentifypotentialareasofconcern.Thisremovesthepotentialforbiasinanalysis—whereone

engineer’sthresholddiffersfromanother’sinterpretation.Itfurther

producesdatathatfocusesontheskillsofemployeesratherthantheir

For“borndigital”facilitieslikethisPureCycleplasticsrecyclingplantinIronton,Ohio,notonlyisESGreportingautomated,soittheentireplant.

Courtesy:PureCycle

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identities—especiallyimportantascompanieshaveincreasedtheirstrategiceffortsondiversity,equity,andinclusion.”

Digitaltransformationofindustrialsystemsmeansmoreand

betterdataisavailable.Andsomenewcompaniesarebuildingin

bothdatacaptureandsustainabilitygoalsfromthestart.PureCycle

Technologiesholdsagloballicenseforthepatentedsolvent-driven

purificationrecyclingtechnologydevelopedbyTheProcter&GambleCompanydesignedtotransformpolypropyleneplasticwasteinto

acontinuouslyrenewableresource.JamesHaw,vicepresidentof

programmanagementanddigitalstrategyatPureCycleTechnologies

described

applyingdigitalizationfromthegroundupwhenbuildingnewplasticrecyclingfacilities.

Hawsaidthenewfacilitiesare“borndigitallikeaplanned

community”soallaspectsoftheproductionfacilityandbusinessarefullydigitizedfromthebeginning,andalldataisheldwithinacommondatalake.Thisincludesallsystemsthatcontributetoanddrawfromthedatalake,whetheronpremiseorcloud-hostedincludingprocessautomation,maintenance,engineering,operations,HSSE[Health,Safety,Security&

Environment],buildingautomationandbusinesssystems.Thatmeans,“notonlyisESGreportingautomated,soittheentireplant,”saidHaw.

Newvaluechains:greenhydrogen,CCUS,lithiumbatteries

InanISAConnecttechnicalforum,ISAFellowJonasBerge,whoisalsoseniordirectorofappliedtechnologyatEmerson,hadmuchtosay

inresponsetothequestion,“Canyouprovideexamplesofsuccessful

automationprojectsthathavesignificantlyimprovedsustainabilityinamanufacturingsetting?”

Bergesaidplantsdeploymultipleautomationsolutionstoenhancesustainability,suchasthemonitoringofheatexchangers,cooling

towers,air-cooledheatexchangers,steamtraps,pressurereliefvalves(PRV),industriallight,emergencyreliefvents,thiefhatches,seals

(methaneleaks),energymanagementmeteringandsubmetering,pilot-operatedPRVs,andadvancedprocesscontrol(APC).(SeeBerg’s

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fullarticleonthetopic,SmartPlantModernizationofCoreProcessControl,elsewhereinthisissue.)

“Inadditiontothat,”Bergecontinued,“thereisallthespecializedautomationthatgoesintobuildingplantsfor“thenewvaluechains”includinggreenhydrogen,lithiumbatterymanufacturing,andcarboncapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS):

?Hydrogenvaluechainplantsapplyautomationtoelectrolyzers,

reformers,compression,liquefaction,pipeline,transportation,storage,hydrogenblendingintonaturalgas,andhydrogenrefuelingstations.

?Thelithiumbatteryvaluechainencompassesmining,

concentration,refining,batterychemicals,andcellmanufacturing.

?Thecarboncapturevaluechainencompassesmembrane/PSA/VSA/amine,compression,pipeline,storage,injectionwell,andmore.

Bergealsocommentedonthemostcommonbarriersto

integratingautomationforsustainability.Henotedthelackofversatilewirelesssensornetworkinfrastructureandsensors,andthatdeployingstandards-basedwirelessinfrastructureandsensorscanovercomethissituation.Hesaidstandards-basedarchitecturecanovercomethelackofunifiedarchitecturefordataandindustrialsoftware.Inaddition,headvocatedusingready-madeappsinsteadofattemptingtocodeyourownsoftware,andinsteadofattemptingtousemachinelearning,usefirstprinciples,hesaid.

“Thetechnologyandinnovationstoimprovesustainabilityarealreadyherebutarefuturistictomanyplantsastheyhavenotyetdeployedthem,”Bergesaid.Theyinclude:

?Wirelesssensornetworkinfrastructureandsensors:WirelessHART(IEC62591).

?Standards-basedarchitecturefordataandindustrialsoftware:

OPC-UA(IEC62541).

?Ready-madeapps:mechanisticAI.

?Firstprinciples(1P)apps:mechanisticAI.

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“Sustainableenergyandsustainablegoodsrequirenew

infrastructure,andthisinfrastructurerequiresautomation,”added

Berge.“Withoutautomationthereisnosustainability.Asthepopulationandthemiddleclasswithinthatpopulationgrows,wewillneedmoreautomationtokeepup.”

Movingsustainabilityforward

Howshouldorganizationsimplementnewtechnologiestohelpuse

collecteddatatodrivechangeandcomplywithregulations?Caitlin

Keam,seniordirectorofsustainabilityapplicationsatIFS,said,“Get

yourdataintosystems.Onceit’sinsystems,youcandoalotwiththe

datathatexiststhere.Oncethedataisin,thenextstepisensuringdataquality,thenyoucanstartdoinganomalydetectionandsoon.

“Aswegoon,[thedata]getsbetterdefinedandconsistent,”Keamcontinued.“Onceyouhavetherightdatafoundation,there’slotsof

technologythatyoucanusetosupportyouthroughautomation,understandingthedata,havingtherightinsights,andhavingtheinsightsonamoregranularlevel.”

AddedISA’sMandolesi,“Organizationsandentitiesthatfocus

theirattentiononsustainableautomationwillbenefittremendously.

Costreduction,increasedsafety,andgreaterworkforcedevelopment

opportunitiesaretheimmediatelyapparentbenefits,butleadersmustalsorecognizetheopportunitytodemonstratetheirESGleadershipinaclimatewhereenvironmentalresponsibilityisfundamentaltobusinesssuccessandgrowth.”

ABOUTTHEAUTHOR

JackSmith

isseniorcontributingeditorfor

A

,thenewsandinsights

subsidiaryofthe

InternationalSocietyofAutomation(ISA)

.JackisaseniormemberofISA,aswellasamemberofIEEE.HehasanAASinElectrical/ElectronicEngineering

andexperienceininstrumentation,closedloopcontrol,PLCs,complexautomatedtestsystems,andtestsystemdesign.Jackalsohasmorethan20yearsofexperienceasajournalistcoveringprocess,discrete,andhybridtechnologies.

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TheANDEquation:

ByMelissaLandon,A

ExxonMobilChampionsEnergyTransformation

Alternatesourcesofenergyareplayinganincreasingroleintheglobalenergymix,butoilandgaswillbesignificant.Reducingemissionsiskey.

WadeMaxwell,vicepresidentofengineering,atExxonMobilTechnology&EngineeringCompany,deliveredakeynoteaboutExxonMobil’seffortstowardenergytransitionatthe2024ARCForum.Heintroduced“The

ANDequation,”whichassertstheimportanceofnotonlymeeting

society’senergyandproductneedsbutalsoreducingemissionsatthesametime.

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“Alternatesourcesofenergylikesolarandwindareplayingan

increasingroleintheglobalenergymix,”Maxwellnoted.“However,

undermostcrediblescenarios,includingthenetzeropathways,oil

andgaswillcontinuetoplayasignificantrolefordecadestocome.

Withthatinmind,wearecontinuingtoworkinmultipleareastomeettheneedsofsocietytodayforreliableandaffordableenergyproductswhileworkingtoreduceourowngreenhousegasemissionsaswellashelpingothersdothesame.That’sthe‘AND’equation.’“

ExxonMobilrecentlyestablishedacentraltechnologyand

engineeringcompanycalledEMTechthat’sdesignedtoscale

capabilitiesacrossthecorporation.“Watchingthecollaborationand

innovationofourscientists,engineers,andprojectmanagerswho

areuniquelycalledtotakeonthechallengesoftodayfillsmewith

confidenceandexcitementaboutwhattheseadvancementsmeanforthefuture,”Maxwellsaid.

ExxonMobilcurrentlyproducesaboutamilliontonsofhydrogenperyearandisworkingtodevelopnewtechnologytoproduceitatalowercost.

‘TheANDequation’

Formorethan140years,ExxonMobilhasdeliveredenergyandproductstomeetsociety’sneedstoincreaselivingstandardsanddriveeconomicgrowth.Thekeytosuccessinthatperiodoftimehasbeenthe

company’sabilitytoevolveandmeetsociety’sneedsthathavechangedovertime.Underpinningthatisthedevelopmentofnewtech,Maxwellexplained.

“Asthepopulationgrowsandbecomesmoreprosperous,thecallonenergyincreases,”Maxwellsaid.“Gettingonapathwaytonetzerointhatcontextisanimmensechallengethatwillrequireunprecedentedinnovationandcollaborationatanimmensescale.”

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“TheANDequation”involvesusingvariousprojectstobalancethecalltoprovidesocietywithreliableandaffordableenergyproductsandreducegreenhousegasemissions.Respondingtothischallengewill

involveinnovatingnewtechnologyacrossmultipledisciplines.MaxwelldescribedsomeofExxonMobil’scurrentinitiativesworkingtoward

thesegoals.

RecentIEANetZeroandIPCCScenariosestimatedtheworldneedsaround400milliontoabilliontonsofDACCO2removalcapacityperyearby2050.

Carboncapture:Directaircapture.Lastyear,ExxonMobilannouncedthefirstthreeagreementstocapture,transportandstoreCO2fromthirdpartiesontheU.S.GulfCoastaspart

ofitsLowCarbonSolutionsbusiness.Thefirstofthose

projectsisexpectedtobeginin2025.Theseprojectsinvolvethefertilizerindustry,anindustrialgas

producer,andasteelmanufacturer.

Directaircapture(DAC)isanewtechnologythatusesabsorbentmaterialtoremoveCO2

directlyfromtheatmosphere.DACisslatedto

becomeoneofthepivotaltechnologiesinthe

energytransition.“RecentIEANetZeroandIPCCScenariosestimatedtheworldneedsaround400

milliontoabilliontonsofDACCO2removalcapacityperyearby2050,”Maxwellsaid.

Somepeopleidentifytreesasanalternativeto

DAC.Whiletreesarecheapandeasytoimplement,theypresentchallengesinrateandcapacity.“Asa

ruleofthumb,onetreecanabsorbaboutfourtonsofCO2overthecourseof40years,”Maxwellexplained.

“Comparethatwithaworld-scaleDACplantthatcanremoveaboutonemilliontonsofCO2everyyear.”

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“JustoutsideofHouston,wehaverecentlycompletedconstructionofourfirstDACpilotplant,”Maxwellsaid.“Weareworkingwith

researchersandengineerswhoareusingthatpilotplanttodevelopcommercialscaleDAC,whichwillprovidealow-costsolution.”

Hydrogen:Acarbon-free,low-costopportunity.“WhenIstartedasaprocessengineer,hydrogenwaseverywhere,”Maxwellsaid.“Itiscarbonfree,soit’sagreatlow-costopportunitytoreduceemissionsinthehigh-emittingindustrialsectors.Weexpectittoplayanimportantroleintheenergytransition.”

ExxonMobilcurrentlyproducesaboutamilliontonsofhydrogen

peryearandisworkingtodevelopnewtechnologytoproduceitata

lowercost.“Wearewelladvancedondevelopingaprojectthatwethinkwillbetheworld’slargestbluehydrogenfacilityinHouston,”Maxwell

said.“Thefacilitywillcreateaboutabillioncubicfeetofhydrogenperdayfromnaturalgas.That’senoughtopower1.5millionhomes.”Asanaddedbonus,ExxonMobilwillcapture98percentormoreoftheCO2fromthatfacility,whichequatesto7milliontonsperyear.

Plastics:Processingabillionpoundsofplasticwasteperyear

by2026.Plasticsareeverywhere:phones,laptops,vehicles,packaging,personalprotectiveequipment,andsurgicaldevicesrelyonit.“The

ANDequation”appliesherebecauseit’sachallengetobalancesociety’sneedfortheseplasticproductswiththeresponsibilitytodealwiththeglobalplasticwasteproblem.

“WeareaddressingplasticwastethroughaprocesscalledAdvancedRecycling,”Maxwellsaid.“Unliketraditionalrecycling,Advanced

Recyclingdoesn’tlimititselftomaterialsyoucangrindupandmeltintorecycledplastic.Theprocessconvertsplasticwastebacktoitsmolecularbuildingblocksthatcanbeusedtomanufactureotherusefulproducts.”

In2022,ExxonMobilstartedupanAdvancedRecyclingfacility,

whichhasprocessedmorethan40millionpoundsofdiscardedplasticasofOctober2023.“Weareworkingtobuildourglobalcapacityto

processaboutabillionpoundsperyearofplasticwastebyyear-end2026,assumingsupportivepublicpolicy,”Maxwellexplained.

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Lithiumproductionproject.ExxonMobil’splannedlithiumprojectinArkansaswouldpresentanewsourceoflithiumproductionthroughanewtechnologycalleddirectlithiumextraction,whichwillhavea

significantlylowerenvironmentalimpact—approximatelytwo-thirds

lesscarbonintensitywhencomparedwithhardrockmining.Thegoalistobeginproductionin2027.

Finalthoughts

“Weannouncedthatweplantoinvestmorethan20billiondollarsinloweringemissionsbetween2022and2027,”Maxwellsaid.“Abouthalfofthatinvestmentisintendedtoreduceemissionsfromour

ownoperatedassets.Thebalanceisreducingemissionsfromothercompanies.Wearedeliveringonbothsidesofthe‘AND’equation.”

Maxwellemphasizedthatnosingletechnologyormagicbulletcancarrytheenergytransitiononitsown.“Weneedadvancesinmultipletechnologiesatthesametime,”hesaid.

Sustainability,particularlythroughenergytransitionand

decarbonization,wasamajorthemeatthisyear’sARCindustry

forum.Leadingenduserexecutivessharedtheirplansforincreasedinvestmentinsustainabilityrelatedinitiatives,allofwhichwillrequireadvancedformsoftechnologytomakethemhappenaswellasnewthinkingaroundlegacyinvestments.Findoutmorefrom