Unit7NaturalDisasters2卷?能力提升題號一二三四五六總分得分注意事項：1．答題前填寫好自己的姓名、班級、考號等信息2．請將答案正確填寫在答題卡上評卷人得分一、單項選擇1．Ourcountry________greatchangesinthepast75yearsanditisnolonger________itusedtobe.A．wentthrough;what B．hasgonethrough;thatC．experienced;that D．hasexperienced;what【答案】D【詳解】句意：我們國家過去75年來經(jīng)歷了巨大變化，不再是過去的樣子了?？疾闀r態(tài)和表語從句。gothrough經(jīng)歷；experience經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“inthepast75years”可知，第一空時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，排除選項A、C；that和what均能引導(dǎo)表語從句，而that在從句中不作任何成分，what可作句子成分，本題中空處作從句的表語，因此用what引導(dǎo)從句。故選D。2．Respectisnotone-waytrafficbutmutual,andthatmightbe_________wefightbackinthetradefrictionagainsttheUSA．A．where B．what C．why D．how【答案】C【詳解】句意：尊重不是單向的，而是相互的，這可能是我們在與美國的貿(mào)易摩擦中反擊的原因?？疾楸碚Z從句。where為什么；what什么；why為什么；how如何。分析句子可知，“Respectisnotone-waytrafficbutmutual”是“wefightbackinthetradefrictionagainsttheUSA”的原因，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語從句。故選C。3．Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A．what B．whether C．if D．where【答案】A【詳解】句意：這就是我父親教給我的——面對困難，凡事往好處想?？疾楸碚Z從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格和后面的句子是一個表語從句，此空作動詞taught的賓語，用what引導(dǎo)表語從句，故選A。4．YuanLongpinghadfailedoverandoveragainbuthenevergaveup.That’s________hesucceededfinally.A．what B．when C．why D．where【答案】C【詳解】句意：袁隆平一次又一次地失敗，但他從未放棄。這就是他最終成功的原因。考查表語從句引導(dǎo)詞辨析。what什么；when何時；why為什么；where何地。根據(jù)上句“YuanLongpinghasfailedoverandoveragainbuthenevergaveup.”可知，袁隆平成功的原因是失敗了而從未放棄，因此，空格處應(yīng)用why作引導(dǎo)詞。故選C。5．WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.A．whether B．when C．what D．why【答案】D【詳解】句意：令莉莉的朋友困惑的是為什么她總是有很多瘋狂的想法?？疾檫B接詞辨析。whether是否；when什么時候；what什么；why為什么。is是句中謂語，該句是一個表語從句，根據(jù)“shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.”可知她總是有很多瘋狂的想法是莉莉困惑的事情，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語從句。故選D。6．—Yousee,I’mpoorinMaths,youarenotgoodatEnglish,and…—That’s________weshouldhelpeachother.A．when B．where C．how D．what【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你看，我數(shù)學(xué)不好，你英語不好，還有……——那是我們應(yīng)該互相幫助的地方?？疾橐龑?dǎo)詞辨析。when何時；where哪里；how如何；what什么。分析“That’s…weshouldhelpeachother.”可知，兩人各有不擅長的科目，是需要彼此幫助的地方，故選B。7．Byboatistheonlywaytogetaroundhereandthatis________wearrived.A．where B．what C．why D．how【答案】D【詳解】句意：乘船是來這兒的唯一途徑，那就是我們到的方式?？疾楸碚Z從句引導(dǎo)詞。where哪里；what什么；why為什么；how怎樣。根據(jù)“Byboatistheonlywaytogetaroundhereandthatis”可知此處是表示方式的，故選D。8．Beingbad-workingisakindofqualityandthat’s________ittakestodoanythingwell.A．how B．which C．that D．what【答案】D【詳解】句意：勤奮是一種品質(zhì)，這是做好任何事情的必要條件?？疾楸碚Z從句，觀察句子可知“ittakestodoanythingwell.”是一個表語從句，從句中運(yùn)用了固定句型：ittakes...todosth，可見句中缺少take的賓語，所以用what來引導(dǎo)。故選D。9．Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A．how B．which C．that D．what【答案】D【詳解】句意：這是父親教給我的——總是直面困難并抱最好的期待。考查表語從句。how如何，詢問方式；which哪一個；that那，在表語從句中不做成分；what什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處為主語+系動詞（be動詞）+表語結(jié)構(gòu)，is后為表語成分，從句中缺少賓語表示教的內(nèi)容，破折號后面的動詞不定式部分是對所教內(nèi)容的具體說明，故應(yīng)該使用引導(dǎo)詞what。故選D。10．—Itookcareofmygrandfatherinhospital.

—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A．what B．when C．why D．where【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我在醫(yī)院照顧我的祖父。——那就是為什么你這幾天請假的原因？考查表語從句。what什么；when什么時間；why為什么；where哪兒。根據(jù)“Itookcareofmygrandfatherinhospital”可知此處在表達(dá)“hadafewdaysoff”請幾天假的原因，用why來引導(dǎo)表語從句。故選C。11．Amanshouldfollowhisheartwhenreading,or________hereadsasataskwilldohimlittlegood.A．that B．how C．why D．what【答案】D【詳解】句意：一個人讀書時應(yīng)該遵從自己的內(nèi)心，否則他所讀的只是一種任務(wù)，對他并沒有什么好處?？疾橹髡Z從句。that無實際含義，不作成分；how如何，連接副詞；why為什么，連接副詞；what連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。此處在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，連接詞作動詞的賓語，故選D。12．Apersoncan’tbereallyhappyif________heenjoysdoingisthoughtofnoimportance.A．that B．what C．how D．which【答案】B【詳解】句意：如果一個人喜歡做的事情被認(rèn)為不重要，他就不會真正快樂。考查主語從句引導(dǎo)詞辨析。that無意思；what什么事情；how怎樣；which哪一個。根據(jù)情境可知，作為“doing”的賓語，應(yīng)該使用“what”，表示“他喜歡做的事”。故選B。13．Itisapityhelosthiswayintheforestandhadtostaythereforthewholenight.A．that B．when C．where D．who【答案】A【詳解】句意：他在森林中迷路了，不得不在那里待了一整晚真遺憾?？疾橹髡Z從句的連接詞。A.that無意義；B.when什么時候；C.where哪里；D.who誰；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it在這里做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的句子；句中不缺少任何成分，用that，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】it用作形式主語1.基本用法當(dāng)不定式、動名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作句子主語時，為保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主語放在句末，而在句首使用形式主語it。如：It’sveryimportanttorememberthis.記住這一點(diǎn)很重要。It’shardworkclimbingmountains.爬山是費(fèi)勁的事。It’sunknownwhenhewillcome.他什么時候來還不知道。2.用作形式主語的的重要句型(1)It+be+adj.for(of)sbtodosth某人做某事……Itishardforhimtomakeuphismind.他很難下定決心。Itwasfoolishofhertosaysuchathing.她說那樣的話，真是太蠢了。介詞of與for的區(qū)別是：of用于指某人的性格、屬性、特征等，介詞for表示對象，意為“對……來說”(from)。(2)Ittakessb+時間段+todosth.某人做某事花了……時間Ittakesyearstomasteranewlanguage.要花多年的時間才能掌握一門新的語言。14．CarlaandCarmenaretwinsisters.Theyhavemanythings________.A．ingeneral B．inhalf C．intotal D．incommon【答案】D【詳解】句意：Carla和Carmen是孿生姐妹。她們有許多共同之處。考查介詞短語。ingeneral普遍來說；inhalf分成兩半；intotal總共；incommon共同的。根據(jù)“CarlaandCarmenaretwinsisters.”可知雙胞胎姐妹有很多共同之處，havesth.incommon“有共同點(diǎn)”。故選D。15．—Mostcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.HowaboutshakinghandsinChina?—Inourcountry,peopleareexpectedto______glovesbeforeshakinghands.A．putaway B．playwith C．hangup D．takeoff【答案】D【詳解】句意：——大多數(shù)國家都有不同的習(xí)俗。在中國握手怎么樣？——在我們國家，人們在握手前要脫下手套?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。putaway收起；playwith玩弄；hangup掛起；takeoff脫下。根據(jù)“Inourcountry,peopleareexpectedto…glovesbeforeshakinghands.”可知，在中國，人們在握手前要脫下手套。故選D。16．Don’tworryaboutyourfirstdrivinglesson.It’sjust________forabeginnerlikeyou.A．suitable B．creative C．peaceful D．responsible【答案】A【詳解】句意：不要擔(dān)心你的第一堂駕駛課。對像你這樣的初學(xué)者來說，這太合適了。考查形容詞辨析。suitable合適的；creative具有創(chuàng)造性的；peaceful和平的；responsible有責(zé)任的。根據(jù)“It’sjust…forabeginnerlikeyou.”可知，此處考查形容詞短語：besuitablefor…對……合適，表示“對像你這樣的初學(xué)者合適”。故選A。17．—Mum,Ihavetosaygoodbye.Thetrainisleavingsoon.—Okay,dear.______!Remembertocallmeassoonasyouarrivethere.A．Youbet B．Takecare C．It’salongstory D．Whatashame【答案】B【詳解】句意：——媽媽，我得說再見了。火車馬上就要開了。——好的，親愛的。保重！記得一到那里就給我打電話。考查情景交際用語。Youbet當(dāng)然，一定；Takecare保重；It’salongstory說來話長；Whatashame真遺憾。根據(jù)“Mum,Ihavetosaygoodbye.Thetrainisleavingsoon.”可知，此處應(yīng)是媽媽對孩子說保重，故選B。18．—CanyougotoSanyawithusforyourholidaythisSpringFestival,Jason?—Sorry,Luke.Myfamilyhasdecidedtogotothenorthfortheholiday.—________A．Catchyouthen. B．Haveagoodholiday. C．Waitamoment. D．Takeiteasy.【答案】B【詳解】句意：——杰森，今年春節(jié)你能和我們一起去三亞度假嗎？——對不起，盧克。我的家人決定去北方度假?！Ｄ慵倨谟淇臁？疾榻浑H用語。Catchyouthen回頭聊，回頭見；Haveagoodholiday祝你假期愉快；Waitamoment等一會兒；Takeiteasy放松，不要緊張。根據(jù)“Myfamilyhasdecidedtogotothenorthfortheholiday.”可知，對方要去北方度假，雖然不能與邀請方同行，但仍然要祝對方度假快樂。故選B。19．—I’mworriedaboutthehistoryexamnextweek.—________.Ibelieveyoucanpassit.A．Great B．Welldone C．Takeiteasy D．Notbad【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我擔(dān)心下周的歷史考試?！獎e緊張。我相信你能通過。考查情景交際。Great很棒；Welldone干得好；Takeiteasy別緊張；Notbad還不錯。根據(jù)“I’mworriedaboutthehistoryexamnextweek.”可知對方很緊張，所以應(yīng)該安慰對方，故選C。20．—Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?—________.I’vegotabadcold.A．Nevermind B．You’dbetternot C．Allright D．Withpleasure【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你介意我打開窗戶嗎？——你最好不要。我得了重感冒?？疾榍榫敖浑H。Nevermind沒關(guān)系；You’dbetternot你最好不要；Allright好吧；Withpleasure很高興。根據(jù)語境可知，上文詢問是否可以開窗，答語表示自己得了重感冒，不可以著涼，可推測此處應(yīng)為否定的語句，即你最好不要，You’dbetternot表示“你最好不要”，符合情景。故選B。評卷人得分二、補(bǔ)全對話從下列所給的選項中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿纱藢υ?。（有兩個多余選項）A:Hello,Mark!21B:Thebeach?Whywillyougothere,Alan?A:22Wewillcleanthebeach.Wewillcollectplasticwastetorecycle,too.B:Oh,plasticisharmfultotheenvironment.A:Yes,you’reright.23Anditalsodoesharmtothewaterandthefish.Weshouldcareaboutwhathappenstotheocean.B:Iagreewithyou.24A:Wewilltakealltheplasticwastetotherecyclingstation.Thensomefactoriesreuseplastictoproducenewproducts.B:Great!25OK?A:OK.Seeyoutomorrow.A．I’dliketojoinyou.B．Itpollutestheocean.C．Whatcausedtheproblem?D．I’mgoingtodovolunteerwork.E．Butwhatwillyoudowiththewaste?F．It’saverygoodwaytoprotecttheocean.G．I’mgoingtothebeachtomorrowmorning.【答案】21．G22．D23．B24．E25．A【導(dǎo)語】這是A和B兩人的對話。A告知B明天要去沙灘參加志愿者活動，B詢問了相關(guān)的問題，得知A要幫助清理沙灘，減少塑料垃圾對海洋的污染。B聽后也想加入他們的行列。21．根據(jù)下文“Thebeach?Whywillyougothere,Alan?”可知此處艾倫表示想去沙灘。選項G“我明天打算去沙灘?！狈项}意。故選G。22．根據(jù)上文“Whywillyougothere,Alan?”可知此處應(yīng)是回答去沙灘的理由。選項D“我將去做志愿者工作?！狈项}意。故選D。23．根據(jù)上文“Anditalsodoesharmtothewaterandthefish.”可知上文提到的污染會對水域和魚類有害，說明它會污染海洋。選項B“它污染海洋?！狈项}意。故選B。24．根據(jù)下文“Wewilltakealltheplasticwastetotherecyclingstation.”可知這是塑料垃圾的處理方式，由此可知此處應(yīng)是詢問如何處理這些垃圾。選項E“但是你們將如何處理垃圾呢?”符合題意。故選E。25．結(jié)合下文“OK.Seeyoutomorrow.”可知這處應(yīng)是表達(dá)想加入他們的行列。選項A“我想加入你們?！狈项}意。故選A。評卷人得分三、完形填空閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Ourworldisfacingmanyproblems.Twoofthe26problemsareincreasingpopulationandpollution.Thepopulationoftheworldisincreasing27.Whyisthishappening?28morebabiesareborneveryyearandpeoplealsolivelonger.Theincreaseinpopulationmaycauselotsof29,suchastrafficjamsandpollution.Atthesametime,manypeopleareleavingthecountrysidetoworkinbig30cities.Anotherhugeproblemoftheworldispollution.Thereissomuch31ontheroadsthatinsomecitiestheairisheavilypolluted.Factoriesalsocauseairpollution.Haze(霧霾)32inmoreandmorecities.Somanypeoplehopethe33coulddosomethingtoimprovetheenvironment,suchasclosingdownthefactories.Becausethey34wastegas.Inaword,weshouldtryourbestto35theproblemsandprotectourworld.26．A．smallest B．biggest C．easiest D．deepest27．A．carefully B．especially C．quickly D．certainly28．A．Because B．Although C．But D．So29．A．mistakes B．chances C．stairs D．problems30．A．comfortable B．crowded C．harmful D．enjoyable31．A．traffic B．ice C．noise D．glass32．A．a(chǎn)ccepts B．develops C．lands D．a(chǎn)ppears33．A．government B．service C．research D．public34．A．practise B．prepare C．produce D．place35．A．mention B．raise C．miss D．solve【答案】26．B27．C28．A29．D30．B31．A32．B33．A34．C35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹世界上目前兩個問題——人口增長和環(huán)境污染。26．句意：兩個最大的問題是人口增長和污染。smallest最小的；biggest最大的；easiest最容易的；deepest最深的。根據(jù)“Twoofblemsareincreasingpopulationandpollution.”可知，此處介紹世界上兩個最大的問題。故選B。27．句意：世界人口正在迅速增長。carefully仔細(xì)地；especially尤其；quickly迅速地；certainly當(dāng)然地。根據(jù)“Thepopulationoftheworldisincreasing...”可知，世界人口迅速地增長，故選C。28．句意：因為每年有更多的嬰兒出生，人們的壽命也更長。Because因為；Although雖然；But但是；So因此。根據(jù)“Whyisthishappening?”可知，詢問原因，用Because回答，故選A。29．句意：人口的增長可能會引起許多問題，如交通堵塞和污染。mistakes錯誤；chances機(jī)會；stairs樓梯；problems問題。根據(jù)“Theincreaseinpopulationmaycauselotsof...,suchastrafficjamsandpollution.”可知，交通堵塞和污染是人口增長引起的問題，故選D。30．句意：與此同時，許多人離開農(nóng)村到擁擠的大城市工作。comfortable舒服的；crowded擁擠的；harmful有害的；enjoyable愉悅的。根據(jù)“manypeopleareleavingthecountrysidetoworkinbig...cities”可知，許多人到擁擠的大城市去工作。故選B。31．句意：道路上車輛太多，一些城市的空氣被嚴(yán)重污染了。traffic交通；ice冰；noise噪音；glass玻璃。根據(jù)“Thereissomuch...ontheroads”可知，道路上有許多車輛，故選A。32．句意：霧霾在越來越多的城市出現(xiàn)。accepts接受；develops出現(xiàn)，發(fā)展；lands著陸；appears出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“Haze(霧霾)...inmoreandmorecities.”可知，指的是霧霾出現(xiàn)在城市中。故選B。33．句意：所以很多人希望政府能做些事情來改善環(huán)境，比如關(guān)閉工廠。government政府；service服務(wù)；research研究；public公共場合。根據(jù)“Somanypeoplehopethe...coulddosomethingtoimprovetheenvironment,suchasclosingdownthefactories.”可知，關(guān)閉工廠這樣的事應(yīng)該是政府能做的，故選A。34．句意：因為它們會產(chǎn)生廢氣。practise練習(xí)；prepare準(zhǔn)備；produce生產(chǎn)；place放置。根據(jù)“Becausethey...wastegas.”和前文可知，工廠會產(chǎn)生廢氣。故選C。35．句意：總之，我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力解決問題，保護(hù)我們的世界。mention提到；raise籌集；miss錯過；solve解決。根據(jù)“weshouldtryourbestto...theproblemsandprotectourworld”可知，我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力解決問題，故選D。評卷人得分四、閱讀理解Weallknowthereisaproblemwithplasticpollution.Fivetrillion(萬億)plasticbagsareusedeveryyear.Onemillionplasticdrinkingbottlesareboughteveryminute.Whatifwecoulduseplasticwastetobuildroads?ThisisexactlywhatTobyMcCartneyhasdone.In2019,McCartney’sUK-basedcompany,MacRebur,builttheworld’sfirstplasticroadinElgintown,Scotland.Theplasticwastewasmadeintograins(顆粒)andthenmixedwithbitumen(瀝青).Butitismorestretchy(有彈性的)thankstotheplastic.“Ourtechnologycanhelpsolvetheproblemofplasticwaste.Itcanalsoproduceroadsthatdealbetterwithchangesintheweather,reducingpotholes(坑洼),”McCartneytoldtheBBC．McCartney’sideacamefromatriptoIndia.“IsawpeopleinIndiawouldputplasticwasteintopotholesandburnit.Theplasticwouldmeltdown(熔化)andformasealinthehole,”saidMcCartney.“Iknowtheremustbesomesimilaritiesbetweentheplasticandbitumen,whichbothcomefromoil.That’showIstartedtothinkaboutmixingthem,”hesaid.Afterlotsoftesting,McCartneyfoundtheperfectidea.Andnowhiscompanyhasbuiltmanyplasticroadsaroundtheworld,fromAustraliatoEurope.Aone-kilometerstretchofroadusesabout684,000plasticbottlesor1.8millionplasticbags.Theroaditselfcanberecycledattheendofitslifespan(壽命).Thematerialscanbereusedtobuildnewroads.“Wearejustasmallpartofendingtheplasticproblems,butitisnicetobepartofit,”McCartneysaid.“Ijustdon’twantmydaughterstoliveinaworldwheretherearemoreplasticsinouroceansthanfish.”36．Paragraph1iswrittentoshowthatplasticpollutionis________.A．fasterthanimagined B．betterthanotherpollutionC．mostlyunknown D．a(chǎn)seriousproblem37．Comparedwithcommonroads,theplasticroad________.A．iseasytobreak B．isafraidofhotweatherC．ismorestretchy D．costsmoremoney38．WhatinspiredMcCartneytobuildtheplasticroad?________A．Indianpeople’swayofrepairingroads.B．Seeingcracksandpotholesonroadsoneday.C．Hiswishofreducingplasticpollution.D．Hisknowledgeofplasticandbitumen.39．________plasticbottlesareneededtobuilda10-kilometerstretchofplasticroad.A．684,000 B．6.84million C．1.8million D．18million40．WhatdoesMcCartneymeaninthelastparagraph?________A．Childrenshouldalsojointoreduceplasticpollution.B．Plasticpollutionwillsoonbesolvedwithhishelp.C．Plasticpollutionwillbecomemoreandmoreserious.D．Heiswillingtoofferhelpinreducingplasticpollution.【答案】36．D37．C38．A39．B40．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了現(xiàn)在塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性以及McCartney在緩解這個問題上所作出的努力。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Weallknowthereisaproblemwithplasticpollution.Fivetrillion(萬億)plasticbagsareusedeveryyear.Onemillionplasticdrinkingbottlesareboughteveryminute.”可知我們都知道塑料污染存在問題，每年使用5萬億個塑料袋，每分鐘有一百萬個塑料飲料瓶被購買，由此可推知，第1段旨在表明塑料污染是嚴(yán)重問題。故選D。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butitismorestretchy(有彈性的)thankstotheplastic.”可知塑料道路更具彈性。故選C。38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“IsawpeopleinIndiawouldputplasticwasteintopotholesandburnit.Theplasticwouldmeltdown(熔化)andformasealinthehole,”可知他是看到了印度人會把塑料垃圾放進(jìn)坑洞里燒掉，塑料會在洞里融化，才想出這個主意。故選A。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aone-kilometerstretchofroadusesabout684,000plasticbottles”可知一公里長的道路使用了大約684000個塑料瓶，10公里需要684萬個塑料瓶。故選B。40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wearejustasmallpartofendingtheplasticproblems,butitisnicetobepartofit”可知他們只是解決塑料問題的一小部分，但能成為其中的一員真是太好了，可推知他愿意為減少塑料污染提供幫助。故選D。Howmanystarscanyouseeinthenightsky?Iftheanswersare“justafew”or“none”,youmightbelivingwithlightpollution.Lightpollutionhappenswhentoomuchman-madelightharmsnatureandpeople.Scientistshavefoundthatitisespeciallyharmfultonocturnalanimalswhichsleepinthedayandarebusyatnight.AnimalscientistChristopherKybasaidman-madelightis“thebiggestchange”humanshavebroughttotheseanimals.Smallanimalsusedarknesstohidefrompredators(捕食者).But,hesaid,cloudyskiesnearcitiesarenow“hundredsoftimes”brighteratnight.Thismeansthat,forexample,catscancatchmorerats.Then,therewillbetoomanycatsandnotenoughratstofeedthemall.Babyseaturtlesarebornonbeachesinthenighttime.Theyfindthewaterbythelightoftheoceanhorizon(海平線).Man-madelightsleadthemawayfromtheocean.InFloridaalone,“Millions…diethiswayeveryyear,”saidtheUS-basedInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.Also,birdsthattravelorhuntatnightneedmoonlightandstarlight.Man-madelightcanleadtheminthewrongdirection.Everyyear,millionsofbirdsdiebyflyingintobrightly-litbuildings.41．Theunderlinedwords“theseanimals”referto__________.A．theanimalswhicharefriendlytohumans B．theanimalswhichareharmfultohumansC．theanimalswhicharesleepingatnight D．theanimalswhicharebusyatnight42．FromParagraph3,wecanknowthat__________.A．theman-madelightisbadforthebalanceofnatureB．thesmallanimalsuseman-madelighttohideC．theskiesnearcitiesarecleaneratnightnowD．theratswillalwaysbeenoughtofeedthecats43．Wheredotheseaturtlesusuallygivebirthtobabies?A．Inthewater. B．Onthebeaches.C．Bytheoceanhorizon. D．Awayfromtheocean.44．Becauseoftoomuchman-madelight,thebirdswill__________.A．dieofillness B．findtheirwayhome C．getlosteasily D．hitintotheplanes45．Youcanreadthepassagein__________.A．a(chǎn)guidebook B．a(chǎn)magazineC．a(chǎn)cookbook D．a(chǎn)diary【答案】41．D42．A43．B44．C45．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了光污染給大自然里的動物所帶來的危害。41．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavefoundthatitisespeciallyharmfultonocturnalanimalswhichsleepinthedayandarebusyatnight.AnimalscientistChristopherKybasaidman-madelightis“thebiggestchange”humanshavebroughttotheseanimals.”可知，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，它對白天睡覺、晚上忙碌的夜行動物尤其有害。動物科學(xué)家克里斯托弗·凱巴說，人造光是人類給這些動物帶來的“最大變化”。theseanimals指的是前文提到的“在夜間忙碌的夜行動物”。故選D。42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thismeansthat,forexample,catscancatchmorerats.Then,therewillbetoomanycatsandnotenoughratstofeedthemall.”可知，人造光對大自然的平衡有害。故選A。43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Babyseaturtlesarebornonbeachesinthenighttime”可知，海龜通常在沙灘上產(chǎn)仔。故選B。44．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Man-madelightcanleadtheminthewrongdirection.”可知，由于太多的人造光，鳥將會很容易迷路。故選C。45．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了光污染給大自然里的動物所帶來的危害，因此可能在雜志上讀到。故選B。Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewasnomodernmedicine,either.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkillsourfishandpollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesustalklouderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollution.Itisbadtoalllivingthingsintheworld.Cars,planesandfactoriesallpolluteouraireveryday.Sometimesthepollutedairissothick(厚的)thatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltiscalledsmog(煙霧).Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway(傾倒)andtheymustn’tblowdirtysmokeintotheair.Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinandnotthrowthemontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelesspollution.Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollution.46．Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderbecause_________.A．therewerenotmanypeopleB．therewasnomodernmedicineC．therewerenotanymodernmachinesD．bothBandC47．Whatisthebiggestproblemintoday’slife?A．Waterpollution B．Airpollution C．Noisepollution D．Pollution48．Themostseriouskindofpollutionis__________.A．waterpollution B．a(chǎn)irpollution C．noisepollution D．A,BandC49．Factoriesmustcleantheirwater_________.A．beforeitisthrownaway B．a(chǎn)fteritisthrownawayC．whileitisthrownaway D．beforetherearethrownaway50．Fromthepassage,weknowthat_________.A．a(chǎn)fewyearsago,therewasnosmogatallB．todaypeopledon’thavetotalktoeachotherinaloudvoiceC．wecandrinkwaterfromthepollutedriversandlakesD．peoplearemakingrulestofightpollution【答案】46．D47．D48．B49．A50．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了污染的類別以及防治等等。46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewasnomodernmedicine,either.”可知，數(shù)百年前，生活艱難是因為沒有現(xiàn)代化的機(jī)器也沒有現(xiàn)代的藥品。故選D。47．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Oneofthebiggestispollution.”可知，污染是最大的問題之一。故選D。48．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollution.”可知，空氣污染是最嚴(yán)重的一種污染。故選B。49．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway(傾倒)”可知，工廠必須在排放污水之前先清潔污水。故選A。50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollution.”可知，規(guī)則是不足夠的，由此可以推斷，人們建立規(guī)則來對抗污染。故選D。Doyoustillcarrythingswithplasticbagswhenyougoshopping?Ifyouranswerisyes,you’dbetterchangeplasticbagsintoclothbagsorpaperbags.Manyseriousenvironmentalproblemshavebeencausedbyplasticbags.It’sreportedthatmorethan500billionplasticshoppingbagsareusedeveryyeararoundtheworld,mostofthemarethrownawayaslitterafterbeingusedandonly5%ofthemarerecycled.Itisverydifficulttodealwithplasticbags.Scientistshavefoundthatifwebury(埋)plasticbagsinland,itwilltakethelandnearly200yearstobreakdowntheplasticbags.Thelandinwhichweburyplasticbagswillbedestroyed.Plasticbagsarealsoverydangeroustoanimals.Someanimals,suchassheep,birds,andevenwhalesmayeattheplasticbagsbymistake.Thepooranimalswhichcan’tgettreatmentintimewilldiesoon.Somecountrieshavetakenmeasurestodealwiththeproblems.Forexample,inIreland,thegovernmentpassedanewlaw.Shopperswhouseplasticbagsneedtopay15%foreachplasticbagastax(稅).InJapan,somestoreswillofferalowerpricetoshopperswhobringtheirownreusablebagsforcarryingthings.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。51．Howmanyplasticbagsareusedeveryyeararoundtheworld?A．Lessthan550billion.B．About650billion.C．Around450million.D．Over500billion.52．Howdopeopledealwithmostoftheplasticshoppingbagsaccordingtothispassage?A．Reusethem.B．Recyclethem.C．Throwthemaway.D．Putthemaway.53．Whatwillhappenifsomeanimalseatplasticbagsbymistake?A．Theywillbedestroyed.B．Theplasticbagswillbereused.C．Maybetheywilldie.D．Theirstomachswilldigestthem.54．Inwhichcountrydoesashopperwhousesaplasticbagneedtopayfortax?A．Japan. B．China. C．Ireland. D．America.55．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTtodealwithplasticbags?A．Buryingtheminland.B．Throwingthemaround.C．Givingthemtoanimalsdirectly.D．Recyclingthem.【答案】51．D52．C53．C54．C55．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了塑料袋帶來的問題以及一些國家對此采取的解決措施。51．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’sreportedthatmorethan500billionplasticshoppingbagsareusedeveryyeararoundtheworld”可知，全世界每年使用的塑料購物袋超過5000億個。故選D。52．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“mostofthemarethrownawayaslitterafterbeingusedandonly5%ofthemarerecycled.”可知，大部分塑料袋被人們?nèi)拥袅?。故選C。53．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thepooranimalswhichcan’tgettreatmentintimewilldiesoon.”可知，動物們誤吃了塑料袋后可能會死亡。故選C。54．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“inIreland,thegovernmentpassedanewlaw.Shopperswhouseplasticbagsneedtopay15%foreachplasticbagastax(稅).”可知，在愛爾蘭購物時使用塑料袋要交稅。故選C。55．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“only5%ofthemarerecycled.”可知，回收再利用塑料袋是正確的做法。故選D。Maybemostpeopleknowthatthereiswaterpollution,airpollutionandnoisepollutionaroundus,butfewpeopleknowthatthereisanotherkindofpollution—lightpollution.Infact,itcanbeeverywhere,dependingonthetimeoftheday.Lightpollutionistheresultofthewastedenergy.Insteadofprovidinglightforpeopleontheearth,mostbrightlightshinesintothesky,becausepeopledon’tdesignlightsverywell.Atthesametime,lightsarebrighterthannecessary.Allthesecauselightpollution.Starsinthenightskyalwaysprovideeveryonewithwonderfulsights(景色),butlightpollutionpreventsthemfrombeingseen.Somescientistssaythatlightpollutioncanalsobringsomehealthproblemstopeople,especiallytokids.Soit’sthehightimeforustodosomethingusefultostoplightpollution.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正(T)誤(F)。56．Lightpollutionisn’tseriousenoughforustostopitnow.57．Allthepeopleknowlightpollutionwelltoday.58．Mostlightshinesintotheskyinsteadofprovidinglightforpeople.59．Peopleinbigcitiescan’tseestarsclearlyinthenightsky.60．Lightpollutiondoesn’tdoharmtopeople’shealth.【答案】56．F57．F58．T59．T60．F【分析】試題分析：可能大多數(shù)人知道水污染、空氣污染和噪音污染，但是很少有人知道光污染。光污染是能源浪費(fèi)的結(jié)果。一些科學(xué)家說光污染也可以給人們帶來健康問題，尤其對孩子們。所以我們應(yīng)該做些有用的事情來阻止光污染。56．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，光污染會給人們帶來健康危害，所以我們應(yīng)該做些有用的事情來阻止光污染。故本句錯誤，選F。57．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句中“butfewpeopleknowthatthereisanotherkindofpollution—lightpollution.”，可知很少有人知道光污染。故本句錯誤，選F。58．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，最明亮的燈光照向天空而不是為地球上的人們提供光。故本句正確，選T。59．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，光污染阻止人們看到夜空的星星。眾所周知，大城市光污染比較嚴(yán)重，故本句正確，選T。60．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，可知光污染會給人們健康帶來傷害。故本句錯誤，選F?？键c(diǎn)：社會類閱讀。評卷人得分五、任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀下面的短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答所提問題。At8,848.86metershigh,MountQomolangmaisthetallestmountainontheearth.Whileitisfamousforitsbeautifulviews,partsofthemountainarefacingaproblem:rubbish.Everyyear,thousandsofvisitorsthrowawaytonsofrubbish,suchasbottlesandplasticbags.AccordingtotheUN,over140tonsofrubbishhasbeenleftonthemountain.Toreducerubbish,Chinaislimiting（限制）thenumberofpeoplewhoareallowedtoclimbupthenorthsideofthemountain.Only300peoplewillbeallowedtoclimbit,andonlyduringspring.Localpeoplecleanedthemountainlastyear,removingrubbishataheightof5,200meters.Theycollectedabout8.4metrictons（公噸）ofrubbish.Thisyear,thelocalgovernmentplanstospend4millionyuanonanewclean-upactivity.Thelocalgovernmentisalsosettingupstationstosort,recycleandbreakdownrubbishcollectedfromthemountain.Agroupofartistswillalsotrytoturntherubbishintoartworks.Becausetheywanttoremindpeoplenottoleaverubbishwhenclimbing.61．WhatproblemsarepartsofMountQomolangmafacing?62．Howmanypeoplewillbeallowedtoclimbupthenorthsideofthemountainduringspring?63．Didlocalpeoplecollectabout8.4metrictonsofrubbishlastyear?64．Whoplanstospend4millionyuanonanewclean-upactivity?65．Whywilltheartiststrytoturntherubbishintoartworks?【答案】61．Rubbish.62．300.63．Yes./Yes,theydid.64．Thelocalgovernment.65．Becausetheywanttoremindpeoplenottoleaverubbishwhenclimbing.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了珠穆朗瑪峰的垃圾問題以及解決這一問題的舉措。61．根據(jù)“Whileitisfamousforitsbeautifulviews,partsofthemountainarefacingaproblem:rubbish.”可知，珠穆朗瑪峰的部分地區(qū)面臨著一個問題：垃圾。故填Rubbish。62．根據(jù)“Only300peoplewillbeallowedtoclimbit,andonlyduringspring.”可知，只有300人將被允許攀登，而且只有在春天。故填300.63．根據(jù)“Localpeoplecleanedthemountainlastyear,removingrubbishataheightof5,200meters.Theycollectedabout8.4metrictons（公噸）ofrubbish.”可知，當(dāng)