PAGEPAGE7南京信息工程大學(xué)2020─20212學(xué)期2課程試卷(A卷)注意：1、本試卷共8頁； 2、考試時間120分鐘； 出卷時間：2021年6月3、姓名、學(xué)號等必須寫在指定地方；4、本考卷適用專業(yè)年級：2020級翻譯、漢語國際教育 任課教師：周志浩專業(yè) 年級 班級 學(xué)號 姓名 Note:AlltasksaretobefinishedbywritinganswersontheAnswerBooklet.PartOne:WordDictation(10%)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhear10words,eachreadthreetimes.PleasewritethemintheindicatedspaceontheAnswerBooklet.PartTwo:Vocabulary&Grammar(20%)Directions:Inthispart,thereare20sentences.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.PleasemarkyourchoicesontheAnswerBooklet.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbe B.willhavebeen C.was D.were ,isscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.A.Althoughheisasocialist B.EvenifheisasocialistC.Beingasocialist D.SinceheisasocialistHisremarkswere annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.A.soasto B.suchasto C.suchto D.asmuchastoJameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe untilA.willcome B.wascoming C.hadbeencoming D.came consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.A.Iwasandalwayswillbe B.IhavetobeandalwayswillbeC.Ihadbeenandalwayswillbe D.IhavebeenandalwayswillbeBecausefuelsuppliesarefiniteandmanypeoplearewasteful,wewillhavetoinstall solarheatingdeviceinourhome.A.sometypeof B.sometypesofaC.sometypeofa D.sometypesofIwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI thejourneyinexactlydays.A.musttake B.musthavemadeC.wasabletomake D.couldmakeIknowhefailedhislasttest,butreallystupid.A.somethingbut B.anythingbutC.nothingbut D.notbutDoyouknowbrother?Heis thanA.muchmoresportsman B.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsman D.moreasportsmanThatwasnotthefirsttimehe us.Ithinkhightimewe strongagainsthim.A.betrayed…take B.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…took D.hasbetrayed…takeThousandsofpeopleturnedoutintothestreetsto decisiontobuildahighwayacrossthefield.A.contradict B.reform C.counter D.protest

againstthelocalauthorities’Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina .A.minority B.scarcity C.rarity D.minimumProfessorretirement fromnextA.carriesintoeffect B.takeseffectC.haseffect D.putsintoeffectThepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto governmentspending.A.finance B.expand C.enlarge D.budgetTheheatinsummerisnoless hereinthismountainregion.A.concentrated B.extensive C.intense D.intensivephotographsisstrictly here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A.forbidden B.rejected C.excluded D.deniedconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill .A.pullback B.pullup C.pullthrough D.pulloutSincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s company’s.A.benefit B.availability C.suitability D.convenienceThepriestmadethe ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.A.mark B.signal C.sign D.gestureThisspaciousroomis furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.A.lightly B.sparsely C.hardly D.rarely

ratherthanthePartThree:Cloze(10%)A.everB.escapeC.intenseD.responseE.avoidsF.evenG.A.everB.escapeC.intenseD.responseE.avoidsF.evenG.expressH.realizationI.severeJ.lessenK.denseL.periodM.harmN.lackO.normalWhenapersonfeelslow,blue,ordownintheclumps,itusuallymeanshehasbeenhurt,disappointed,orsaddenedbysomethingthatcausesaconfusedandlistlessfeeling.Thereis1atypeofmusiccalled"theblue",alow,mournful,sadsoundto2theseuniversalhumanfeelings.Depressionisanothernameforthismood.Feelingdepressedisanormalandnatural3toexperiencesofloss,failure,andundeservedbadluck.Indeed,ithasbeenpointedoutthatwithoutdepression,wewould4muchoftheworld'sgreattragicliterature,music,andart.Insomecases,however,depressionbecomessomethingmorethanjust5feelingsofbluesorletdown.Alargenumberofpeoplesufferfromwhatpsychiatristscall"depressiveillness."Depressiveillnessismore6andlastslongerthancommonlistlessfeelings.Sometimesaserious7ofdepressioncanbeginwiththelossofalovedoneorachangeofjob.Manytimes,invery8cases,theredoesn'tseemtobeanycircumstanceseriousenoughtohavecausedthedepression.Somepsychiatristssuggestthatthekeyfeatureindepressionischange.Thepersonbecomesdifferentfromthewaybeforetheonsetofhisdepression.Hemayevenbecometheoppositeofhisusualself.Therearemanyexamples:thebusinessmanwhobecomesawanderer,themotherwhowantsto9herchildrenandherself.Insteadofseekingsatisfactionandpleasure,thedepressedperson10it.PartFour:ReadingComprehension(10%)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD,youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerBooklet.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amidallthejoblosses,there’sonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.Automationisn’tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.“Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collarjobsareunderattackbymicroprocessors,”sayseconomicsprofessorEdwardLeamer.Therecessionpermanentlywipedout2.5millionjobs.U.S.grossdomesticproducthasclimbedbacktopre-recessionlevels,meaningwe’reproducingasmuchasbefore,onlywith6%fewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlyjobkillersoutthere,withoutsourcing(外包stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.JeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,arguesthatrobotsactuallysaveU.S.jobs.Hislogic:companiesthatembraceautomationmightusefewerworkers,butthat’sstillbetterthanfiringeveryoneandmovingtheworkoverseas.It’snotthatrobotsarecheaperthanhumans,thoughoftentheyare.It’sthatthey’rebetter.“Insomecasesthequalityrequirementsaresoexactingthatevenifyouwantedtohaveahumandothejob,youcouldn’t,”Burnsteinsays.Samegoesforsurgeons,who’reusingroboticsystemstoperformanever-growinglistofoperations—notbecausethemachinessavemoneybutbecause,thankstothegreaterprecisionofrobots,thepatientsrecoverinlesstimeandhavefewercomplications,saysDr.MyriamCuret.Surgeonsmaysurvivetherobotinvasion,butothersatthehospitalmightnotbesolucky,asiRobot,makeroftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeenshowingoffAva,whichcouldbeusedasamessengerinahospital.Andonceyou’rehome,recovering,Avacouldletyoutalktoyourdoctor,sothere’snoneedtosendsomeonetoyourhouse.That“mobiletelepresence”couldbeusefulattheoffice.Ifyou’reawayonatrip,youcanstillattendameeting.Justconnectviavideoconferencingsoftware,soyourfaceappearsonAva’sscreen.Isanyjobsafe?Iwashopingtosay“journalist,”butresearchersarealreadydevelopingsoftwarethatcangatherfactsandwriteanewsstory.Whichmeansthatafewyearsfromnow,arobotcouldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfewparagraphs?Theover-useofrobotshasdonedamagetoAmericaneconomy.Itishardforrobotstoreplacehumansinhighlyprofessionalwork.Artificialintelligenceiskeytofuturetechnologicalinnovations.Theroboticindustryhasbenefitedfromtheeconomicrecession.WhatcausedthegreatestlossofjobsinAmerica?Usingmicroprocessorsextensively.Movingproductiontoothercountries.Thebankruptcyofmanycompanies.Theinvasionofmigrantworkers.WhatdoesJeffBurnsteinsayaboutrobots?Theyhelpcompaniestorevive.Theyarecheaperthanhumans.Theypreventjoblossesinaway.Theycompetewithhumanworkers.WhyareroboticsystemsreplacingsurgeonsinmoreandmoreoperationsaccordingtoDr.MyriamCuret?Theysavelotsofmoneyforthepatients.Theybeathumansinprecision.Theytakelesstimetoperformasurgery.Theymakeoperationslesspainful.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutrobotics?Itwillgreatlyenrichliterarycreation.Itwillstartanewtechnologicalrevolution.Itwillrevolutionizescientificresearch.Itwillbeappliedinanyfieldimaginable.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.You’venowhearditsomanytimes,youcanprobablyrepeatitinyoursleep.PresidentObamawillnodoubtmakethepointpubliclywhenhegetstoBeijing:theChineseneedtoconsumemore;theyneed—believeitornot—tobecomemorelikeAmericans,forthesakeoftheglobaleconomy.Andit’salltrue.ButtheothersideofthatequationisthattheU.S.needstosavemore.Forthemoment,Americanhouseholdsactuallyaredoingso.Afterthepersonal-savingsratedippedtozeroin2005,theshockoftheeconomiccrisislastyearpromptedpeopletosnapshuttheirwallets.InChina,thehousehold-savingsrateexceeds20%.Itispartlyforpolicyreasons.Aswe’veseen,wageearnersareexpectedtocarefornotonlytheirchildrenbuttheiragingparents.Andthereis,todate,onlytheflimsiest(脆弱的)ofpublicly-fundedhealthcareandpensionsystems,whichincreasesincentivesforindividualstosavewhiletheyareworking.ButChinaisasocietythathaslongesteemedpersonalfinancialprudence(謹(jǐn)慎).Thereisnochancethatwillchangeanytimesoon,evenifthegovernmentcreatesabettersocialsafetynetandsuccessfullyencouragesgreaterconsumerspending.WhydoestheU.S.needtolearnalittlefrugality(節(jié)儉)？Becausehealthysavingsratesareoneofthesurestindicatorsofacountry’slong-termfinancialhealth.Highsavingslead,overtime,toincreasedinvestment,whichinturngeneratesproductivitygains,innovationandjobgrowth.Inshort,savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest.TheU.S.governmentthusneedstoactaswell.Byrunningconstantdeficits,itisdis-saving,evenashouseholdssavemore.PeterOrszag,Obama’sBudgetDirector,recentlycalledtheU.S.budgetdeficitsunsustainableandhe’sright.Todate,theU.S.hasseemedunabletoseetheconsequencesofspendingsomuchmorethanistakenin.Thatneedstochange.AndthoughHuJintaoandtherestoftheChineseleadershiparen’tinclinedtolecturevisitingPresidents,hemightgentlyhintthatBeijingisgettingalittlenervousaboutthevalueofthedollar—whichhasfallen15%sinceMarch,inlargepartbecauseofincreasingfearsthatAmerica’sdebtloadisbecomingunmanageable.That’swhathappenswhenyou’retheworld’sbiggestcreditor:yougettodrophintslikethat,whichwouldbeenoughbythemselvestocreateinternationaleconomicchaosiftheywereeverleaked.(EverytimeanyofficialinBeijingdeliberatespubliclyaboutseekinganalternativetotheU.S.dollarforthe$2.1trillionChinaholdsinreserve,currencytradershaveaheartattack.)IfAmericanssavedmoreandspentless,consistentlyovertime,theywouldn’thavetoworryaboutallthat.HowdidtheeconomiccrisisaffectAmericans?Theyhadtotightentheirbelts.Theirbanksavingsratedroppedtozero.Theirleadershipintheglobaleconomywasshaken.TheybecameconcernedaboutChina’sfinancialpolicy.WhatshouldbedonetoencourageChinesepeopletoconsume?Changingtheirtraditionalwayoflife.Providingfewerincentivesforsaving.ImprovingChina’ssocialsecuritysystem.Cuttingdowntheexpensesonchild-rearing.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest”(Line4,Para.4)?Themoreonesaves,themorereturnsonewillreap.Acountry’seconomyhingesonitssavingspolicy.Thosewhokeepsavingwillliveaneasylifeintheend.Ahealthysavingsratepromoteseconomicprosperity.Inwhatcircumstancesdocurrencytradersbecomescared?WhenBeijingallowsitscurrencyexchangeratestofloat.WhenChinastartstoreduceitscurrentforeignreserves.WhenChinatalksaboutswitchingitsdollarreservestoothercurrencies.WhenBeijingmentionsinpublicthehugedebtsAmericaowesChina.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?TourgetheAmericangovernmenttocutdeficits.ToencourageChinesepeopletospendmore.TotellAmericansnottoworryabouttheireconomy.TopromoteunderstandingbetweenChinaandAmerica.PartFive:Translation(20%)SectionA(10%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasegiveninbrackets.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerBooklet.他們戀愛八年，經(jīng)歷了種種苦難，才終成良緣。(gothrough)（remove）(penetrate)(rapt)1978contrast)SectionB(10%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerBooklet.Itturnedoutthatonlyafewspeciesofwildplantsandanimalscouldbedomesticated,mostofthemnativetotheMideast,China,Mexico,theAndesorNigeria—preciselythoseplacesthatbecameancientcentersofpower.Thosebestplacedtohelpthatprocessmaynotbetheoneswiththelatesttechnologyandstateoftheartmobilephones,butthosewiththeskillstounderstandwhatliesin,underandbeyondthewordsspokeninmanydifferentlanguages.PartSix:Writing(30%)Aretheenvironmentalproblemstoobigforindividualstosolve?Thismatterhasbeenintenselydiscussedforyears.Thefollowingarethesupporters’andopponents’opinions.Readcarefullytheopinionsfrombothsidesandwriteyourresponseinabout200words,inwhichyoushouldfirstsummarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsidesandgiveyourviewsontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforconten