高一上學(xué)期期末專項訓(xùn)練3閱讀理解

01

Americansarepoundoftheirvariety-andindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethana

uniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.Whyareuniformsso

popularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstis（hatintheeyesofmostpeople（heylookmore

professionalthancivilian（百姓的）clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromaman

whowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewho

appearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayis

thereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity（身份）thantostepoinofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.They

aretax-deductible（可減稅的）.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclotaes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof

individualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerof

anyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendto

think,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpense

isgieaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldry

cleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.

1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality.

A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes

B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard

C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity

D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform

2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkingthatamaninuniform.

A.suggestsqualityworkB.discardshissocialidentity

C.appearstobemorepracticalD.lookssuperiorloapersonincivilianclothes

3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto.

A.providepracticalbenefitstothewearerB.makethewearercatchthepubliceye

C.inspirethewearer'sconfidenceinhimselfD.providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms.

A.areusuallyhelpfulB.havelittleornoindividualfreedom

C.tend（olosetheirindividualityD.enjoygreaterpopularity

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A.UniformsandSocietyB.TheImportanceofWearingaUniform

C.PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniformD.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms

02

Englishisaveryinterestinglanguage.Ilhasborrowedwordsfrommanyotherlanguages.Immigranls（移民）

comingintotheUnitedStateshavecontributedmanywordstothelanguage,whichhavekepttheiroriginal

pronunciation."Coolie”and“kowlow“weretakenfrointheChineselanguage,“kamikazefromtheJapanese,

“shampoo”fromIndia,“blitz”fromGcnnan,“amigo"and"LosAngeles“fromSpanishandsoon.

ManystudentshavestudiedEnglishforyears,someasmanyaseight.However,somestudentsstillhave

difficultyinspeakingfluentEnglish.Someknowmanywordsbutar?unabletodiscernthemwhennativespeakers

usethem.InourOralEnglishclasses\vcwillfocusonspeakingandlisteningtonativeEnglishspeakers.Forthis

reason,becausewearetryingtotrainyourearstohearEnglishandyourmouthstospeakintelligible（易理解的）

English,wewillhavearulethatONLYENGLISHwillbespokeninourEnglishclasses.AnyonespeakingChinese

inclasswillberequiredtopayafineinordertoencouragethespeakingandunderstandingofEnglish.Ifteachers

enteraclassroomanddiscoverthatanyoneisspeakingChinese,（heywillrequireeveryoneintheroomtopaythe

fine.Itiseveryone'sjobtoenforcetheEnglish-Onlyrule.Itisforyourbenefit.Itisbecausewewarttoaccustom

（使習(xí)慣于）yourearstohearingEnglish.

OthersubjectsmaybelearnedsolelyfrombooksbuttheonlywaytolearnaforeignlanguageistoSPEAKIT!

Studentsareoftennenousaboutspeakinginclassatfirstbutwehopetomaketheclassesfun,soyouwillforget

yournervousnessandlearntospeakout.Enjoyyourclasses.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

A.thedifficultyoflearningEnglish

B.differentwordsindifferentlanguages

C.howinterestingandvariousEnglishis

D.theimmigrants'contributionstoAmerica

2.Theunderlinedword“discern“inPara.2canbereplacedby.

A.noticeB.understandC.hearD.speak

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,theonlywaytolearnalanguagewellisto.

A.listentoitontheradioB.learnitfrombooks

C.playgameswithi（D.speakitoften

4.Thearticleisprobablyaimedat.

A.JapanesestudentsB.Germanstudents

C.ChinesestudentsD.Indianstudents

03

Itravelalot,andIfindoutdifferent“styles”ofdirectionseverytimeIask“HowcanIgettothepostoffice?”

Foreigntouristsareoftenconfused^^惑）inJapanbecausemoststreetstheredon'thavenames;inJapan,people

uselandmarks（地標(biāo)）intheirdirectionsinsteadofstreetnames.Forexample,theJapanesewillsaytotravelers,uGo

straightdowntothecorner.Turnleftatthebighotelandgopastafruitmarket.Thepostofficeisacrossfromthe

busstop.”

InthecountrysideoftheAmericanMidwest,therearcnotusuallymanylandmarks.Therearcnomountains,

sothelandisveryflat;inmanyplacestherearcnotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Insteadoflandmarks,people

willtellyoudirectionsanddistances.InKansasorIowa,fbrexample,peoplewillsay,“Gonorthtwomiles.Turn

east,andthengoanother

PeopleinLosAngeles,California,havenoideaofdistanceonthemap;theymeasuredistanceintime,not

miles."Howfarawayisthepostoffice?”youask,"Oh,"theyanswer,"it'saboutfiveminutesfromhere."Yousay,

“Yes,buthowmanymilesawayisit?”Theydon'tknow.

It'struethatapersondoesn'tknowtheanswertoyourquestionsometimes.Whathappensinsuchasituation?

ANewYorkermightsay,“Sorry,Ihavenoidea."ButinYucatan,Mexico,nooneanswers"Idon'tknow."People

inYucatanbelievethat"Idon'tknow”isimpolite.Theyusuallygiveananswer,oftenawrongone.Atouristcan

getvery,verylostinYucatan!

l.WhenatouristaskstheJapanesethewaytoacertainplace,theyusually.

A.describetheplacecarefullyB.showhimamapoftheplace

C.tellhimthenamesofthestreetsD.refertorecognizablebuildingsandplaces

2.Wha（istheplacewherepeoplemeasuredistanceintime?

A.NewYork..B.LosAngeles.C.Kansas.D.Iowa.

3.PeopleinYucatanmaygiveatouristawronganswer.

A.inordertosavetimeB.becauseofhonesty

C.soastobepoliteD.forfun

4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Ifsimportantfbrtravelerstounderstandculturaldifterences.

B.It'susefulfortravelerstoknowhowtoaskthewayproperly.

C.Peoplehavesimilarunderstandingsofpoliteness.

D.NewYorkersaregenerallyfriendlytovisitors.

04

In2006.alargenumberofnewInternetsitesbecamepopulararoundtheworld.Someofthesearefor

communication,othersforentertainment.

Theblogisoneformofcommunicationthatincreasednpopularity.Throughthesepersonalwebsites,people

cansharetheirlives,ideasandopinionsontheInternet.Peopleofallageshavetheirownblogs.Foryoungpeople,

(heyareawaytoshow(heirwritingandotherformsofself-expression.Blogsalsoconnectpeoplewithother

peoplewhohavethesameinterests.Forexample,teachersuseblogs(oshareideaswithotherteachers',aswellas

experiencesandconcernsabouttheirwork.

YouTubeisanotherInternetsitethatbecamemorepopularlastyear.Thiswebsiteletsanyonecreate,shareand

watchshortvideos.Theseincludevideosofpeoplesingingordancing,oranimalsdoingfunnythings.Threeyoung

mencreatedYouTubealmosttwoyearsagoasapersonalvideosharingservice.TheyrecentlysoldittoGooglefor

morethanoneandahalfbilliondollars.

Gamesanden(er(ainmen(alsobecamealargerpartoftheInternetlastyear.OneInternetsocialsiteiscalled

SecondLife.Itisanonlineworldinwhichcomputeruserscreateanewselfandliveadifferentlife.Theyget

married,buildhomes,operatebusinesses,buyandsellgoods,work,playandattendschool.

Peoplealsolakepartinfantasysportsleagueswiththehelpofth?Internet.Afantasysportisagameinwhich

eachmemberofagroupactsastheownerofateam.Eachownercreatesateamofreal-lifeprofessionalplayersto

competeagainstotherteamsintheleague.MorethanfifteenmillionAmericanadultsplayfantasysports.The

industryearnsmorethanonebilliondollarseachyearfrompublications,membershipsandothercosts.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.themostpopularInternettechnologyin2006

B.somenewwaysforpeopletocommunicateorhavefunontheInternet

C.oneonlinegamecalledSecondLife

D.thehighpriceofplayingonline

2.WhoistheownerofYouTubenow?

A.Threeyoungmen.B.Google.C.Computerusers.D.Yahoo.

3.Whomdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph4referto?

A.Thepeoplewhoareinterestedinblogs.

B.ThepeoplewhoplaygamescnYouTube.

C.ThepeoplewhoplaySecondLife.

D.ThepeoplewhoarecreatedinSecondLife.

4.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?

A.Teacherscanshareideas,experiencesandconcernsabouttheirworkwithotherteachersonanywebsite.

B.MorethanfifteenmillionAmericanteenagersplayfantasysports.

C.SecondLifehelpspeoplegelmarried,buyandsellgoods,work,playandattendschoolinreallife.

D.Fantasysports,agameinwhicheachmemberofagroupactsastheownerofateam,isverypopular

aroundtheworld.

05

TheUSpresidentDonaldTniniphaspopularizedthephrase-fakenews''.Butnottoolongagotlicsewordsin

combinationwouldhavemeantlittletoeverydayEnglishspeakers.

AnatolyLiberman,aGerman,writesabouttheoriginsofthewordufakcn.Theword,itturnsout,hasavery

darkpast.Thebestguessathow"hke"becamethemainstream,arguesLiberman,isthatitwasakindusedby

thievesintheLondonunderworld.But“howitgotthere,nobodyintheworldknows,andprobablynobodywill

everknow,“hetellsQuartz.

LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaand（heauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnow

Them.Hewritesthatearlyrecordsof“fhke”asanEnglishadjectiveappearedaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.

Thewordlikelycomesfromcant,orthiefjargon（行話）.

TheOEDmentions“fhke”asaverbstartingin1819,whichbasicallymeant“todo”injargon,butalso“tokill,

wound,orrob”.Anentryfromadictionarythatyearreads:

“Tofakeanypersonorplace,torobthem;tofakeapersonmayalsoimplytoshoot,wound,orcut;tofakea

manoutandout,istokill

LibermantracesthewordnexttoCharlesDickens,whoused“cly-fhker”,where“cly”meanspocket,inOliver

Twist.Thisishowhebelievestheknowledgeof“fhke”asawordthatmeanstosteal,spread.Eventuallyitbecame

acommonplaceEnglishword.

l.Theunderlinedword“fhke"inParagraph1probablymeans.

A.lyingB.trueC.commonD.interesting

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnatolyLiberman?

A.Heisskilledinsomeforeignlanguages.

B.HcisinterestedinalltheEnglishwords.

C.HelivedinEnglandforalongtime.

D.HelikeswritingarticlesinEnglishverymuch.

3.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

A.ThehistoiyofEnglishwords.

B.SomestoriesaboutEnglishwonds.

C.ThcimportanceoftheEnglishword“fhke”.

D.TheoriginsofanEnglishword.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.WemustfocusonthewordsofDonaldTrump.

B.WeshouldstudyEnglishwordsverycarefully.

C.“Fake"likelycomesfromwordsusedbyaclassofpeople.

D.AnatolyLibermanlikestotracethecommonplaceEnglishwords.

06

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscooking

upastorminherlatestroleshowingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousinealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.And（heGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,l1.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soibuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,,5she

explains.44!pay￡5foraportion（一份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,

sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries（系列節(jié)目）,SaveMoncyiGoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyin〔hamorning.

D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

2.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodfbrherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesfbrher.

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Suinmaiizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadvicefbrthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellfbrLess

07

You'icoutlo(Jiiiiici.Tlicfuudisdcliciuusand(heserviceisfine.Yuudecideloleaveabigfallip.Why?The

answermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.

Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbe

affectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter'schoiceofwords,tohowthey

carrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothetotalbill.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescan

determinehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.

“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry（模仿）bringsintopositivefeelingsfbrthemimicker,“wroteRick

vanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor."Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarcbeingmimickedbecomemore

generoustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”

SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas

“Comingup!”Thoseintheotherhallwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.

RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtake-homepay.Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.The

copycat（模仿者）waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.

LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosity

of￡tippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cab-drivers,andhairstylists,

theyfoundtippercentagesinthese:hreeareasdroppedascustomers'billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappear

toaplaleau（穩(wěn)定期）whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthan

abillfor$100.

“That'salsoapointoftipping/-Greensays.uYouhavetogivealittleextratothecab-driverforbeingthereto

pickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren'tthere,you'dnevergetany

service.Sopartoftheideaofatipisfbrjustbeingthere.^^

1.Howmanyfactorsaffectthecustomers'tipping?

A.6.B.5.C.4.D.3.

2.Whatdothestudiesshow?

A.Mimicrybringsintoverybadfeelingsforthemiinicker.

B.Thewaiterwhomimicspeopleusuallygetsfewertipsthattheygive.

C.Themimicwaiterscangetmoremoneythanthosewhodon'tmimicothers.

D.Tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiters.

3.Whatistheopinionoftheauthoraccordingtothepassage?

A.Hegiveshisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften.

B.HeagreeswithMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping.

C.HeobjectstoMr.Green'sideaabouttipping.

D.HethinkspartofMr.Green'sexplanationisreasonable.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.HowMuchtoTip

B.WhatAreTips

C.WheretoLeaveaBigFatTip

D.TippingIsVeryImportant

08

Nowpeopleareveryconcernedaboutiheloodproblem.SteveWilsonprefersorganicfruit,deliveredrightto

（hedoorstep.Heiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the30-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendthe

extramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,“Wilsonsaid."Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（農(nóng)藥），andyouaregenerally

supportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocallygrownandseasonal,soitis

moretasty.MWilsonisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarkets

acrossBritainarccountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppers

reallyknowwhattheyarcgetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproducts?Market

researchshowsthatWilsonandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheir

preferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticides

canbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported(進(jìn)匚I)

tomeetthegrowingdemand.t4Thcdemandfbrorganic(bodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisa

veryfast-growingmarket,MsaidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusincss.

1.WhydocsSteveWilsonpreferorganicfruit?

A.Becauseitisdeliveredrightto(hedoorstep.

B.Becausemoreandmorepeoplebuyorganicfruit.

C.Becausehelikeshome-grownfruitverymuch.

D.Becauseheconsidersthefruitfreeofpollution.

2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theorganictrend"inParagraph2mean?

A.Gettingthefoodanywhere.

B.Growingthefoodathome.

C.Betterqualityoforganicfood.

D.Growinginterestinorganicfood.

3.WhydocsSueFlocksayitisaveryfast-growingmarket?

A.Becauseofarapidincreaseinthedemandforit.

B.Becauseitisproducedonlargefarms.

C.Becauseitcan'tbeproducedonfamilyfarms.

D.Becauseofitsproperprices.

09

Timeforanadventure?

Areyouabitboredwithyournine-to-fiveroutine?Havealookatourexcitingrangeofholidaysanddecide

whattypeofadventureyou'dlike.

Activityholidays

Ouractivityholidaysareforeveryone,peoplewholovedangerorwhojustlikesports.Wehaveahugevariety

ofwater,snowordesertholidays.We'lltakeyouscubadivingintheRedSeaorkayakingandwhitewaterraftingin

Canada.Ifyouprefersnow,youcantryskiingorsnowboardingintheAlpsorevenigloobuilding.Forthosewho

likewannerweather,wcalsohavesandboarding(thedesertversionofskateboarding)orcamelsafaris.

Polarexpeditions

TakeanexpeditiontoAntarcticaorthenorthernArctic;explorealandofwhitenaturalbeautyandwonderful

wildlife.OurexpertswillexplaineverythingaboutthetwopolesasyouwatchthepenguinsinAntarcticaorwhales

andpolarbearsintheArctic.There'snogreateradventurethantravellingtotheendsoftheearth.A

once-in-a-lifetiincexperience.

Culturaljourneys

Ourculturaljourneyswillhelpyoudiscoverancientcivilizations:India,Thailand,Egyptandmanymore.Visit

temples,palacesandancientruins—justremembertobringyourcamera!Geltoknowlocalwaysofliteby

exploringmarkets,tryingexoticfoodsandmeetinglocalpeople.

Wildlifeholidays

Weorganizesmall-grouptourstogetclosertonatureinAfrica,AsiaorSouthAmerica.GoonsafariinAfrica

andwatchlionsandgiraffes.MeetthefamousturtlesofftheGalapagosIslands.LookfortigersinIndia,ortakean

elephantsafariinSriLanka.Weuselocalguidesandstayinarangeofaccommodation,fromtentstotreehouses.

I.Whichwouldyoupreferifyouareasportslover?

A.Wikilifeholidays.B.Culturaljourneys.

C.Polarexpeditions.D.Activityholidays.

2.Whatcanatouristdoduringaculturalholiday?

A.Appreciateancientbuildings.

B.Watchlovelyanimals.

C.Gctclosertonature.

D.Haveextremesports.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroducewaysofrelaxation.

B.Torecommenddifferentholidays.

C.Tosharetravelingexperience.

D.Togiveadviceontraveling.

10

AgamingcompanyinNewZealandisluringemployeesfromaroundtheworldbyofferingunlimitedpaid

annualleave,ashareinthecompany'sprofitsandnosetworkhours.

DeanHallbecamefamousininternationalgamingcirc