第第頁江蘇省蘇州市2023-2024學年高二下學期期末陽光指標調(diào)研英語試卷一、第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel(旅社).ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloftengettostayinacentrallocation(位置)withsecurityandcomfort.YellowHostelIfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andit'sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.HostelAlessandroPalaceIfyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.YouthStationHostelIfyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.Itoffersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too;itdoesn'tchargecitytax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.HotelandHostelDesArtistesHotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.1．Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?A．Comfort. B．Security. C．Price. D．Location.2．Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?A．YellowHostel.B．HostelAlessandroPalace.C．YouthStationHostel.D．HotelandHostelDesArtistes.3．WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?A．Itgetsnoisyatnight. B．Itsstaffistootalkative.C．ItchargesforWi-Fi. D．It'sinconvenientlylocated.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter."4．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool. B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook. D．Todosightseeing.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D．Theysufferedseverehardships.6．WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory. D．Adiary閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9．Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.10．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.11．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Minimizingtheenvironmentaldamagethatnewroadscauseisgenerallyregardedasagoodthing.Buttodothat,ithelpstounderstandjusthownewroadscausethedamageofwhichtheyareaccused.Recently,agroupofresearchersledbyDr.Gonzalezconductedanexperimentandprovedthatimmigrationisgoodforthehealthofanimalpopulations.Aroaddestroysonlyasmallpartofthehabitat,thusdestroyingjustafewlocalpopulationsofcreatures.Sotheargumentthatroad-buildingitselfisbadforbiodiversityisnotself-evidentlycorrect.Thosewhoneverthelessholdthisviewsaythatapparentlyseparatelocalpopulationsofanimalsare,infact,partsofmuchlargerpopulationsconnectedviamigration.Accordingtothistheory,whenalocalpopulationstrugglestomoveabout–becauseofanepidemic,forexample–individualsfromneighboringcommunitiescanfillthegaps.Theimplicationsofthetheoryarestraightforward.Cutlocalpopulationsofffromeachotherandeachismorelikelytodisappear.Androadsaregoodatdoingjustthat.Testingthetheorywithexperimentalroads,however,wouldbeexpensive.Dr.Gonzalez'sbrainwavewastodothewholethingonamuchsmallerscale.Theteamstudiedmoss-coveredrocks.Onsomerockstheresearchersleftthemossuntouched;onotherstheymade"roadways"acrosstoleavethemossisolated.Afterwaitingsixmonths,theyfoundthatinthedisturbedhabitatsnearlyallthebugpopulationhaddeclinedcomparedwithundisturbedmoss,and40%ofthespecieshadbecomeextinct.Therealtestcameinthesecondpartoftheexperiment.Inthis,theresearchersremovedmossmuchasbefore,buttheyleftnarrowmosspathstobridgetheno-bug's-landbetweenislands.Theislandswithbridgesdidfarbetterthanisolatedislands–aresultthatsupportsthenotionthatpopulationexchangeisnecessarytokeepanecosystemhealthy.Whethertheseresultscanbetranslatedtolarge-scaleecosystemsremainsuncertain.Butiftheycan,theywouldcausemore,notless,concernabouttheecologicaleffectsofroad-building.Ontheotherhand,theyalsosuggestawayout.InBritain,tunnelsareoftenbuiltunderroadsforanimalsofregularhabits,suchasbadgers(獾),tobeabletotraveltheirtraditionalrouteswithouthavingtofightwithtraffic.Extendingthatprinciple,perhapsspecialbridgesmightbeacheapwayoflettingmanandnaturerubalongabitbetter.12．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Callingonustostopbuildingroadsforahealthyecosystem.B．Warningusofpotentialdangersofanimalimmigration.C．Informingusoftheenvironmentaldamagecausedbynewroads.D．Suggestinganewwaytoavoidthedamagecausedbynewroads.13．Dr.Gonzalez'sexperimentfoundthat____.A．buildingroadsisexpensiveB．immigrationisgoodforanimalsC．roadscutoffanimalimmigrationD．tunnelsshouldbebuiltunderroads14．Howdoestheauthorpresenthispoint?A．Byanalyzingfacts.??B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingscientificfindings.??D．Bycomparingpossibleeffects.15．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementswillthewriteragreewith?A．Theimpactofroad-buildingisnotasseriousaswethought.B．Road-buildingisbeneficialtoanimalimmigration.C．Environmentaldamagecausedbyroad-buildingisstilluncertainD．environmentaldamagecausedbyroad-buildingmightbelessened二、第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.16．.·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.17．.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)18．.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·19．.Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone20．,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind三、第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey21．freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood22．fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe23．totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these24．gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing25．foraclump(草叢)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas26．rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It's27．towitnessthe"impolite"sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn'thelp28．mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese"gentlemen"quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir29．conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally30．bythemassive"monster",thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,31．theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck'spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir32．forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe33．inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe34．.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit'snotthatbadtobe35．.21．A．drawon B．focuson C．feedon D．tryon22．A．desire B．reputation C．a(chǎn)ffection D．a(chǎn)ppetite23．A．generous B．faithful C．weird D．rude24．A．well-informed B．well-dressedC．well-behaved D．well-balanced25．A．fiercely B．blindly C．cautiously D．gently26．A．deserted B．located C．fixed D．laid27．A．frequent B．rare C．common D．constant28．A．restricting B．changing C．pausing D．speeding29．A．desperate B．simpleC．serious D．disharmonious30．A．frightened B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．crashed D．injured31．A．findingout B．dealingwithC．lookinginto D．wonderingabout32．A．passion B．reason C．talent D．a(chǎn)nxiety33．A．scene B．destination C．landscape D．park34．A．looker-on B．passer-by C．truck D．clump35．A．upset B．forgetful C．mean D．greedy四、第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或所給單詞的正確形式。WorldPoetryDaytakesplaceeachyear36．March21topromotetheteachingofpoetry,aswellasthepublishing,writing,andreadingofthisformofwritingaroundtheworld.It37．(declare)byUNESCOin1999inthehopesofsupportinglanguagediversitythroughpoeticexpressionandincreasingtheopportunityforendangeredlanguages38．(hear).WorldPoetryDaywasaboutgivingfreshdriveand39．(recognize)tointernational,regional,andnationalpoetrymovements.Italsofocusedonpromotingareturntotheoral(口頭的)traditionofpoetryrecitals,aswellas40．(strengthen)theassociationbetweenpoetryandotherformsofexpression,suchasdance,music,andpainting.Thedayiscelebrated41．(global).Governmentagencies,communitygroupsandindividualsgetinvolvedinpromotingorparticipatingintheday,whichenableschildrentolearnandenjoy42．(variety)ofpoetry.Itisatime43．studentsarebusyexaminingpoetsandlearningaboutdifferenttypesofpoetry.Poetsmaybeinvitedtoreadandsharetheirworktoaudienceatbookstoresandschools.Ceremoniesareheldtohonorpoetsof44．(remark)achievements.Allinall,it'sadayforpoetry:45．a(chǎn)ncientartformthatstillenrichesourunderstandingofhumanitytoday.五、第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．學校英文報正在開展以LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.學習活動狀況描述；2.簡單評論；3.你的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroomNowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofsmartphonesandcomputers,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroominvariousways.六、第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Mymotherbelievedinusingthingsup.Lastyear,ourcornfieldhadabadharvestbecausebirdsfeastedonthecrops.ItwasprobablythenthatMom'sfrugalitybecameevenmoreextraordinary.Shebegankeepingeverythingthatseemeduselessintheattic-worn-outclothes,oldsheets,brokenumbrellas,andsomeotherolditems.Mom'sfavoritesayingwas"wastenot,wantnot.MybrotherJoshandIweren'tsurewhatthatmeantuntiltheAffairoftheScarecrow)",which,asitlaterbecameknown,leftalastingimpressiononus.ThestorybeganwithaprettyhatthatMomreceivedasagifttoprotectherfromthesun.However,JoshandIcouldseethatMom'sfrugalnatureandfashionsensewereinbattle.Momreallydidn'twanttogetridofthehat--itwasnewandhadalotofuseleftinit-butneithercouldshestandwearingit.Shetriedtotakeoffthefancydecorations,buttheywerestuckontight.She'dhavetofindsomeothersolution.JoshandIwatchedasMomheadedupstairstotheatticwiththehat."Wastenot,wantnot,shecalledbackdown,Weheardboxesbeingmovedaround.Momentslater,Momleanedout,holding'aflourbagfullofstraw,andwithamysterioussmile,sheplacedthehatonit."Whatisthatfor?Iasked,confused.?Ascarecrow!"Momexclaimed.?Butnotagoodoneyet.Itneedsastrongbodytostandfirminthefield,"shesaidwithafrown."Anditdoesn'tlookscaryenough,Joshremarked.IhadtoadmitthatJosh,thoughyoungerthaniwas,couldsometimesbemoreimaginative.JoshandIturnedtoeachother,searchingforagoodidea.Soonenough,Josh'seyeslitupwithinspiration.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:"Comewithme!"Joshcalledout.Paragraph2:Inthedaysthatfollowed,thescarecrowstoodtall.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了羅馬的幾個價格低廉，安全舒適的旅館。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進行理解。1．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel(旅社)."羅馬對旅行者來說可能很貴，這就是為什么許多人選擇住在旅館?？芍x擇住旅社的旅行者可能最關(guān)心的是價格。故選C。2．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)HostelAlessandroPalace部分中的"Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome."如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館。可知，如果喜歡活躍社交生活的人，HostelAlessandroPalace是羅馬最適合你的旅館。故選B。3．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes部分中的"However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi."但是，你需要支付每天2歐元的Wi-Fi費用。可知，HotelandHostelDesArtistes的缺點是Wi-Fi收費。故選C。【答案】4．A5．D6．C7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，是一則書評，介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇書評，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse."1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——來到落基山脈的一個定居點，在一間只有一個房間的學校教書?？芍珼orothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學校里教書。故選A。5．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning."他們和一個當?shù)丶彝ィ锷患乙黄鸢徇M去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪；以及"Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice."在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。可推知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們的生活飽受磨難。故選D。6．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms."令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風雪中鉆穿落基山脈?？芍琖ickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn."這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束；以及最后一段中的"Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting."Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B。【答案】8．A9．C10．A11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，應(yīng)用今天的"空中之眼"的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和標題歸納三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints."無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置。可推知，無人機在高空工作的能力使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。9．考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure."據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。可知，花在maintenance上的費用是用于檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?？赏浦?Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety"是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞maintenance是"檢修"之意，故選C。10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime."帶有先進傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借它們的預見能力，它們可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時做出反應(yīng)?？赏浦瑢τ跓o人機期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。故選A。11．考查標題歸納。根據(jù)第一段"Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis."一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的"空中之眼"技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運行；以及第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能；第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值?？芍疚闹v述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，"無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來。"符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文標題。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．C13．B14．C15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了新建道路對環(huán)境的破壞以及如何通過實驗找到避免這種破壞的新方法。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。

12．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段"Minimizingtheenvironmentaldamagethatnewroadscauseisgenerallyregardedasagoodthing.Buttodothat,ithelpstounderstandjusthownewroadscausethedamageofwhichtheyareaccused."把新建道路對環(huán)境造成的破壞降到最低通常被認為是一件好事。但要做到這一點，它有助于理解新道路是如何造成被指責的破壞的。可知，本文主要告訴我們新路對環(huán)境造成的破壞。故選C。13．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Recently,agroupofresearchersledbyDr.Gonzalezconductedanexperimentandprovedthatimmigrationisgoodforthehealthofanimalpopulations."最近，岡薩雷斯博士領(lǐng)導的一組研究人員進行了一項實驗，證明了移民對動物種群的健康有益。可知，移民對動物有益。故選B。14．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Recently,agroupofresearchersledbyDr.Gonzalezconductedanexperimentandprovedthatimmigrationisgoodforthehealthofanimalpopulations."最近，岡薩雷斯博士領(lǐng)導的一組研究人員進行了一項實驗，證明了移民對動物種群的健康有益；第三段"Accordingtothistheory,whenalocalpopulationstrugglestomoveabout—becauseofanepidemic,forexample—individualsfromneighboringcommunitiescanfillthegaps."根據(jù)這一理論，當當?shù)厝丝陔y以移動時，例如由于流行病，來自鄰近社區(qū)的個人可以填補空白；以及第五段中的"Afterwaitingsixmonths,theyfoundthatinthedisturbedhabitatsnearlyallthebugpopulationhaddeclinedcomparedwithundisturbedmoss,and40%ofthespecieshadbecomeextinct."等了六個月后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與未受干擾的苔蘚相比，在受干擾的棲息地，幾乎所有的蟲子數(shù)量都減少了，40%的物種已經(jīng)滅絕。可知，短文是通過提供科學發(fā)現(xiàn)來呈現(xiàn)觀點的。故選C。15．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"InBritain,tunnelsareoftenbuiltunderroadsforanimalsofregularhabits,suchasbadgers(獾),tobeabletotraveltheirtraditionalrouteswithouthavingtofightwithtraffic.Extendingthatprinciple,perhapsspecialbridgesmightbeacheapwayoflettingmanandnaturerubalongabitbetter."在英國，人們經(jīng)常在道路下方建造隧道，讓像獾這樣的有規(guī)律習性的動物能夠沿著它們的傳統(tǒng)路線行走，而不必與交通爭搶。擴展這一原則，也許特殊的橋梁可能是讓人類和自然更好地相處的一種便宜的方式?？赏浦?，通過合理建設(shè)道路，作者認為道路造成的環(huán)境破壞可能會被減輕，故選D?！敬鸢浮?6．D；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge."平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit"盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去"給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合語境。故選D。17．根據(jù)空前"Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth."確保你已經(jīng)和你的朋友溝通過，了解你們想要聯(lián)系的頻率，以及哪種方法對你們雙方都最有效。提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication"朋友需要談?wù)撍麄兿矚g的交流方式"承接上文，進一步提出對交流的方法的溝通；且空后"Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat."除了持續(xù)的文字交流，還有其他選擇，比如留下語音信息或進行群聊，對E項進行了舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選E。18．根據(jù)空后"Thefriendwhoisremaining"留下來的朋友；以及"Theoneinthenewenvironment"在新環(huán)境中的那個。提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind"你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方"指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，符合語境，故選G。19．根據(jù)空后"Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships."周年紀念日和生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。講的是諸如周年紀念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，可推知，這段對應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A.Rememberimportantdates"記得重要的日子"，故選A。20．根據(jù)空后"butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain."但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去維系。講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，F(xiàn).Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia"朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感"講的是可以通過社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與空后"requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain"形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語境，故選F。【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．C；25．A；26．B；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．A；31．D；32．A；33．A；34．C；35．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者旁觀兩只加拿大鵝爭吵的故事。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：你聽說過或見過加拿大鵝嗎？你知道它們以新鮮的草和種子為食嗎？A.drawon"利用"；B.focuson"專注"；C.feedon"以……為食"；D.tryon"試穿"。根據(jù)空后"freshgrassandseeds"可知，本句想表達它們以新鮮的草和種子為食。故選C。22．句意：加拿大鵝以其彬彬有禮而聞名。A.desire"欲望"；B.reputation"聲譽"；C.affection"感情"；D.appetite"食欲"。根據(jù)下文"Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby."可知，每當你走過的時候，它們總是向你鞠躬，故它們有良好的聲譽。故選B。23．句意：然而，我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們有時會對同伴是粗魯?shù)模绕涫窃谒麄優(yōu)槭澄餇幊车臅r候——是的，這些舉止得體的紳士確實會爭吵，只是為了吃點東西。A.generous"慷慨的"；B.faithful"忠誠的"；C.weird"奇怪的"；D.rude"粗魯?shù)?。根據(jù)空后"especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforf