利用食品深加工技術(shù)分離制備羅漢果甜苷Mogrosideswereisolatedandpreparedbyfooddeepprocessingtechnology2.設(shè)備與用具準備新鮮成熟的羅漢果（或冷凍保存的羅漢果）、飲用水、純化水。1.原料與試劑準備逆流提取機組或提取罐、離心機、超濾膜設(shè)備（膜孔徑100000）、納濾濃縮膜設(shè)備（膜截留相對分子量在200~400）、濃縮設(shè)備、不銹鋼儲罐4~5個、恒流泵、巴氏消毒罐、真空干燥機或噴霧干燥機、取樣瓶等。2.PreparationofequipmentandutensilsFreshlyripenedmonkfruit(orcryopreservedmonkfruit),drinkingwater,purifiedwater。1.Preparationofrawmaterialsandreagents

Countercurrentextractionunitorextractiontank,centrifuge,ultrafiltrationmembraneequipment(membraneporesize100000),nanofiltrationconcentrationmembraneequipment(membranecut-offrelativemolecularweightis200~400),concentrationequipment,stainlesssteelstoragetank4~5,constantflowpump,pasteurizationtank,vacuumdryerorspraydryer,samplingbottle,etc.制備羅漢果甜苷的操作流程見右圖。Theoperationprocessofpreparingmogrosideisshowninthefigureontheright.3.操作方法3Howtooperate制備羅漢果甜苷流程4.操作要點（1）破碎、逆流提取（2）離心（3）超濾（4）納濾純化（5）濃縮（6）巴氏滅菌（7）冷凍干燥或噴霧干燥4.Operationalpoints（1）Crushing,counter-currentextraction（2）Centrifugal（3）ultrafiltration（4）Nanofiltrationpurification（5）concentrate（6）Pasteurization（7）Freeze-driedorspray-dried5.結(jié)果觀測分析

（一）外觀觀察對取樣的膜截留液進行顏色和澄清度觀察，記錄分離實驗結(jié)果，并對膜分離前出的物質(zhì)進行結(jié)果分析，分析顏色和澄清度與羅漢果甜苷純度的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。5.Observationandanalysisofresults

(1)AppearanceobservationThecolorandclarityofthesampledmembraneretentatewereobserved,theresultsoftheseparationexperimentwererecorded,andtheresultsofthesubstancesbeforemembraneseparationwereanalyzed,andthecorrelationbetweencolorandclarityandthepurityofmogrosidewasanalyzed.5.結(jié)果觀測分析Observationandanalysisofresults（二）超濾液、濃縮液檢測分析Ultrafiltrateandconcentratedetectionandanalysis超濾液、濃縮液檢測Brix,以確定是否達到工藝控制的要求。Ultrafiltrate,concentratetestingBrixtodetermineifprocesscontrolrequirementsaremet5.結(jié)果觀測分析（三）膜分離截留液檢測分析對取樣的膜截留液分別在波長595nm用分光光度計檢測羅漢果總皂苷的吸光度值，并以濃縮倍數(shù)為橫坐標(biāo)，以總皂苷的吸光度值（A595）為縱坐標(biāo)繪制膜分離圖。5.Observationandanalysisofresults（三）Membraneseparationretentatedetectionandanalysis

Theabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponinsinmonkfruitwasdetectedbyspectrophotometeratwavelength595nm,andthemembraneseparationmapwasdrawnwiththeconcentrationfactorastheabscissaandtheabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponins(A595)astheordinate.6.注意事項1.在開始生產(chǎn)前，應(yīng)將所有設(shè)備按上料機→破碎機→逆流提取機組或提取罐→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→衡流泵→離心機→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→恒流泵→超濾設(shè)備→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→恒流泵→膜分離設(shè)備→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→濃縮設(shè)備→巴殺罐→恒流泵→干燥設(shè)備用管道連接并全部清潔干凈。2.羅漢果破碎時只需破碎到羅漢果種子一粒一粒即可，不能破碎種子。3.超濾時設(shè)備每運行8個小時或超濾通量小于設(shè)備設(shè)計通量的60%時，應(yīng)停止進料，超濾設(shè)備使用后要徹底按特有的清潔方法清潔，以恢復(fù)其通量。4.膜設(shè)備在進膜壓力和出膜壓力壓差超過0.1Mpa時或者通量明顯下降時，以10.5≤pH≤12的氫氧化鈉和三聚磷酸鈉溶液循環(huán)60min，純水洗凈后待用。5.在超濾、膜分離過程中，要保持合適且穩(wěn)定的流速。6.在檢測羅漢果總皂苷時，必須對樣品進行前處理，取膜截留液10mL至25mL容量瓶中，用純凈水稀釋至刻度，搖勻。分別取各樣品溶液0.2mL到具塞試管中，加水0.5mL，加5%香草醛溶液0.2mL，高氯酸0.8mL，60℃水浴15min。取出試管冰水浴冷卻，再加5mL冰醋酸，搖勻后靜置10min，在波長595nm處測其吸光度值。6.Precautions1.Beforestartingproduction,allequipmentshouldbepressedaccordingtothefeeder→crusher→counter-currentextractionunitorextractiontank→transfertank→constantflowpump→centrifuge→transfertank→constantflowpump→ultrafiltrationequipment→transfertank→constantflowpump→membraneseparationequipment→transfertank→concentrationequipment→pasteurizationtank→constantflowpump→dryingequipmentisconnectedwithpipesandallarecleaned.2.Whenthemonkfruitisbroken,itonlyneedstobebrokentothemonkfruitseedsonebyone,andtheseedscannotbebroken.3.Whentheequipmentrunsfor8hoursortheultrafiltrationfluxislessthan60%ofthedesignfluxoftheequipment,thefeedingshouldbestopped,andtheultrafiltrationequipmentshouldbethoroughlycleanedaccordingtotheuniquecleaningmethodafterusetorestoreitsflux.4.Whenthepressuredifferencebetweentheinletpressureandtheoutgoingpressureexceeds0.1Mpaorthefluxdecreasessignificantly,themembraneequipmentshouldbecirculatedwithasolutionofsodiumhydroxideandsodiumtripolyphosphateatapHof10.5≤pH≤12for60min,washedwithpurewaterandsetaside.5.Intheprocessofultrafiltrationandmembraneseparation,itisnecessarytomaintainasuitableandstableflowrate.6.Whendetectingtotalsaponinsinmonkfruit,thesamplemustbepretreated,andthemembraneretentatemustbetakenfrom10mLto25mLvolumetricflask,dilutedtothescalewithpurifiedwater,andshakenwell.0.2mLofeachsamplesolutionwasaddedtothepluggedtesttube,0.5mLofwater,0.2mLof5%vanillinsolution,0.8mLofperchloricacid,andawaterbathat60°Cfor15min.Takeoutthetesttubeinanicewaterbathandcool,add5mLofglacialaceticacid,shakewell,letitstandfor10min,andmeasureitsabsorbancevalueatawavelengthof595nm.

二、實訓(xùn)建議

1、實訓(xùn)時間與分組安排（1）使用逆流提取是一個連續(xù)動態(tài)的過程，且整個工序中各中間體均容易發(fā)酵變質(zhì)，本實訓(xùn)任務(wù)宜對學(xué)生進行分崗位操作，崗位分別為：提取和離心、超濾、膜分離、濃縮、噴粉（或冷凍干燥），如投料量大，生產(chǎn)周期長，還要考慮每個崗位如何排班。（2）為了讓學(xué)生了解到不同環(huán)節(jié)的操作，可以讓學(xué)生輪流到不同崗位。（3）如學(xué)校沒有成套的制備設(shè)備，可安排學(xué)生到相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)實習(xí)。

Second,thetrainingsuggestions

Trainingtimeandgrouparrangement（1)Theuseofcountercurrentextractionisacontinuousanddynamicprocess,andtheintermediatesinthewholeprocessareeasytofermentanddeteriorate,thistrainingtaskshouldbedividedintopositionsforstudents,thepositionsare:extractionandcentrifugation,ultrafiltration,membraneseparation,concentration,powderspraying(orfreezedrying),suchaslargeamountoffeeding,longproductioncycle,butalsoconsiderhowtoscheduleeachpost.(2)Inordertoletstudentsunderstandtheoperationofdifferentlinks,studentscantaketurnstodifferentpositions.(3)Iftheschooldoesnothaveacompletesetofpreparationequipment,studentscanbearrangedtointerninthecorrespondingproductionenterprises.2、實踐操作內(nèi)容的安排Arrangementofpracticaloperationcontent可安排學(xué)生使用不同孔徑的膜（膜截留相對分子量分別為在200、300、350、400）進行實訓(xùn)，考察不同孔徑的膜分離純化效果。Studentscanbearrangedtousemembraneswithdifferentporesizes(therelativemolecularweightsofmembranesare200,300,350,and400,respectively)forpracticaltrainingtoinvestigatetheeffectofmembraneseparationandpurificationwithdifferentporesizes1、羅漢果甜苷的性質(zhì)羅漢果甜苷又稱羅漢果甜甙(或羅漢果甜)，萃取于廣西特產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟植物--羅漢果，棕色至淺黃色粉末，熔點197~201℃(分解)，易溶于水和稀乙醇，熱穩(wěn)定性強，在100℃中性水溶液中連續(xù)加熱25h，或在120℃長時間加熱，均不致破壞，在弱酸、弱堿中不變質(zhì)。羅漢果甜苷味極甜，純品甜苷甜度為蔗糖的300倍，其熱量為零。Thepropertiesofmogrosides

Mogroside,alsoknownasmonkfruitglycoside(ormonkfruitsweet),isextractedfromGuangxispecialeconomicplant-monkfruit,browntolightyellowpowder,meltingpoint197~201°C(decomposition),solubleinwateranddiluteethanol,strongthermalstability,continuousheatingin100°Cneutralaqueoussolutionfor25h,orlong-termheatingat120°C,willnotbedamaged,andwillnotdeteriorateinweakacidandweakalkali.Monkfruitglycosidesareextremelysweet,andthesweetnessofpureglycosidesis300timesthatofsucrose,anditscaloriesarezero.2、羅漢果及羅漢果甜苷的保健功效羅漢果性涼、味甘、無毒、歸肺、大腸經(jīng)，具有清熱潤肺，利咽開音，潤腸通便之功效。傳統(tǒng)常用于治療肺熱燥咳、咽痛失音、腸燥便秘等。近10多年來，羅漢果的藥理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)羅漢果除了傳統(tǒng)功效外，還有不少新功效，已有多篇文獻報道羅漢果有降血糖和降血脂、抗氧化清除自由基、保肝、抗腫瘤、增強免疫、抗疲勞耐缺氧耐高溫、抑菌等新功效。2.Healthcareeffectsofmonkfruitandmonkfruitglycosides

Monkfruitiscool,sweet,non-toxic,returnstothelungsandlargeintestinemeridians,andhastheeffectsofclearingheatandmoisteningthelungs,openingthepharynxandopeningthethroat,andmoisteningtheintestinesandlaxative.Traditionally,itisoftenusedtotreathotanddrycough,sorethroat,lossofvoice,intestinaldrynessandconstipation.Inthepast10years,thepharmacologicalresearchofmonkfruithasfoundthatinadditiontothetraditionaleffects,therearemanyneweffects,andmanyliteraturereportsthatmonkfruithasneweffectssuchasloweringbloodsugarandbloodlipids,antioxidantscavengingfreeradicals,liverprotection,anti-tumor,enhancingimmunity,anti-fatigue,hypoxia,hightemperatureresistance,andantibacterial.1.利用層析分離技術(shù)純化羅漢果甜苷主要技術(shù)特點是：將羅漢果破碎，以飲用水為提取劑，料液比為1:（3~3.5）(m/v)，逆流提取，過濾，得羅漢果粗提取液備用。將羅漢果粗提取液，在恒定流速下通過大孔樹脂（SP700、LX-15）進行分離純化，再濃縮、干燥。Purificationofmogrosidesbychromatographyseparationtechnology

Themaintechnicalcharacteristicsare:themonkfruitiscrushed,drinkingwaterisusedastheextractionagent,thesolid-liquidratiois1:(3~3.5)(m/v),countercurrentextraction,filtration,andthecrudeextractofmonkfruitisreadyforuse.Thecrudeextractofmonkfruitwasseparatedandpurifiedbymacroporousresin(SP700,LX-15)ataconstantflowrate,andthenconcentratedanddried.2.利用微波技術(shù)提取羅漢果甜苷主要技術(shù)特點是：將羅漢果破碎，以飲用水為提取劑，料液比為1:8(m/v)，微波輸出功率為750W，提取時間為15min，離心，過濾，得羅漢果粗提取液備用。將羅漢果粗提取液，利用膜分離純化或大孔樹脂層析分離純化，再濃縮、干燥。2.Microwavetechnologyisusedtoextractmogrosides

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