通州區(qū)2022年高三年級模擬考試英語試卷第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文、掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項、并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OnacoldNovembermorning.WadeMacKinnonhikedaroundMermaidLake.Inthe___1___ontheshoreline,somethingmovedslightlyandcaughthiseye.___2___,heapproachedtofindaballoonstuckinthebranchesofabayberrybush.Whenheuntiedthestring,hefoundapieceofpaperattheendofitwhichread,“Deardaddy.I’vebeenmissingyousomuchsinceyoupassedaway.November29ismy10thbirthday,butIwillneverreceiveyourgreetings...Daisy”Itfinishedwithamailingaddress,almost3,000milesaway.Withtearsinhiseyes,Wadethought,“Suchayounggirlhavingtodealwith___3___.It’sawful!”Whenbackhome,Wadeplacedthenoteinadrawerand___4___theballoontothewindowofhisroom.Everyday,the___5___oftheballoonremindedhimoflittleDaisy.AstheendofNovemberwasdrawingnearer,Wadefoundhimselfthinkingmoreandmoreaboutthepoorgirl.Sohewrotealetter,putitintoabirthdaycardand___6___maileditwithabook.The___7___arrivedjusttwodaysbeforeDaisy’sbirthday.Whensheopeneditandfoundthecard,“ForaDearDaughter...”,herheart___8___.“Happybirthday!I___9___toreadyournote,andfeelsorryforyou.I’msureyourdaddywouldwantyoutobehappy.Helovesyouverymuchandwillalwaysbe____10____you.”TearsbegantorolldownDaisy’scheeks.1.A.sands B.bushes C.hills D.rocks2.A.Curious B.Anxious C.Serious D.Nervous3.A.anger B.failure C.mystery D.death4.A.caught B.presented C.attached D.related5.A.image B.color C.movement D.sight6.A.eagerly B.proudly C.bravely D.sadly7.A.prize B.package C.note D.news8.A.froze B.raced C.sank D.broke9.A.expected B.decided C.promised D.happened10.A.saving B.praising C.blessing D.changing【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.C6.C7.B8.B9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了WadeMacKinnon撿到了小女孩Daisy給去世的父親的便條，于是給Daisy回了一張生日賀卡里，并把它和一本書一起寄了出去。Daisy收到后非常感動?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在海岸線上的灌木叢中，有什么東西在微微移動，引起了他的注意。A.sands沙灘；B.bushes灌木叢；C.hills山丘；D.rocks巖石。根據(jù)后文“aballoonstuckinthebranchesofabayberrybush”可知是在灌木叢發(fā)現(xiàn)的氣球。故選B。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他好奇地走過去，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個氣球卡在樹叢的樹枝上。A.Curious好奇的；B.Anxious焦慮的；C.Serious嚴肅的；D.Nervous緊張的。根據(jù)后文“heapproachedtofindaballoonstuckinthebranchesofabayberrybush”可知Wade是處于好奇走過去的。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這么年輕的女孩要面對死亡。A.anger憤怒；B.failure失??；C.mystery神秘；D.death死亡。根據(jù)上文“I’vebeenmissingyousomuchsinceyoupassedaway.”可知女孩要面對父親去世。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：回到家后，韋德把紙條放在抽屜里，把氣球系在他房間的窗戶上。A.caught抓?。籅.presented呈現(xiàn)；C.attached系；D.related有關(guān)。根據(jù)后文“theballoontothewindowofhisroom”指把氣球系在他房間的窗戶上。故選C。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每一天，氣球的運動都會使他想起小Daisy。A.image圖像；B.color顏色；C.movement移動；D.sight視力。根據(jù)后文“oftheballoonremindedhimoflittleDaisy”可知氣球的移動會使他想起小Daisy。故選C。【6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，他寫了一封信，把信裝在一張生日賀卡里，勇敢地把它和一本書一起寄了出去。A.eagerly急切地；B.proudly自豪地；C.bravely勇敢地；D.sadly悲傷地。根據(jù)后文“maileditwithabook”可知，Wade勇敢地把東西寄了出去。故選C。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：包裹在Daisy生日的前兩天到達。A.prize獎勵；B.package包裹；C.note筆記；D.news新聞。呼應(yīng)上文“maileditwithabook”指包裹到達Daisy手里。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她打開信封時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張卡片，上面寫著：“送給親愛的女兒……”，她的心狂跳起來。A.froze凍結(jié)；B.raced比賽，加速；C.sank下沉；D.broke打破。根據(jù)上文“ForaDearDaughter”可知Daisy看到信的開頭，以為是父親，所以心跳加速。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我碰巧看到了你的便條，為你感到難過。A.expected期待；B.decided決定；C.promised承諾；D.happened碰巧。根據(jù)第一段的描述，可知Wade是無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)Daisy的便條的，happento表示“碰巧”。故選D。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他非常愛你，并將永遠祝福你。A.saving拯救；B.praising贊美；C.blessing祝福；D.changing改變。根據(jù)上文“Helovesyouverymuchandwillalwaysbe”可知Daisy的父親會永遠愛她，并祝福她。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MobilephoneshavebeenbannedinschoolsinordertoprotectstudentseyesightandpreventthemfrombeingaddictedtotheInternetandonlinegames.Nowtheoveruseofmobilephones____11____(affect)thehealthofyoungpeople.Therehavebeenrisinglevelsofshortsightednessamongschoolchildren.In2018,ourcountryputforwardtherules____12____(limit)thegamingindustry.Thefollowingyear,abanwasannouncedonunder18s,____13____werelimitedto90minutesofgamingonweekdaysand3hoursonweekendsandholidays.【答案】11.isaffecting12.tolimit13.who【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解手機對學(xué)生視力的影響以及國家對這現(xiàn)象采取的措施?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，手機的過度使用正在影響年輕人的健康。根據(jù)句型分析，這里應(yīng)填謂語動詞，再根據(jù)now可判斷時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語overuse為第三人稱單數(shù)，且與謂語affect為主動關(guān)系。故填isaffecting?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：2018年，我國出臺了限制游戲業(yè)的規(guī)定。根據(jù)句型分析可知，這里考查非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)形式，再根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)填tolimit作目的狀語。故填tolimit?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：第二年，政府宣布禁止18歲以下的青少年在工作日玩游戲90分鐘，周末和節(jié)假日玩游戲3小時。由句子分析可知，這里考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞為under18s，在從句中作主語，所以應(yīng)填who。故填who。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。RacingHorse,createdbyXuBeihong,isoneofthemostwellknownworksinmodernChinesefolkart.Acrossthepainting,wecanseeahorserunningatahighspeedlikeamissileacrossthesky.XuBeihong____14____(clear)drewinblackinktoshowthe____15____(move)haironthehorse’smaneandtail.He____16____(develop)thetraditionofbiningpoetrywithpaintingandpromotedtheChinesefolkart.Thepaintingofdarkandlightcolorsisafavoriteofmanyartlovers.【答案】14.clearly15.moving16.developed【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講的是徐悲鴻的作品《賽馬》及他對繪畫的貢獻?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：徐悲鴻用黑色墨水清楚地畫出了馬鬃和馬尾上的活動著的毛。空格處用副詞，修飾動詞drew，clear的副詞是clearly，意為“清楚地”，故填clearly?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：徐悲鴻用黑色墨水清楚地畫出了馬鬃和馬尾上的活動著的毛。空格處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞hair，根據(jù)語境可知，徐悲鴻是畫出了馬鬃和馬尾上的活動著的毛，空格處意為“活動著的”，其形容詞是moving。故填moving。【16題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他發(fā)展了詩畫結(jié)合的傳統(tǒng)，促進了中國民間藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。and前后時態(tài)一致，由后面的promoted可知，句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此空格處是過去式developed。故填developed。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Beethovenisaworldfamousmusicianwithavastbodyofworks____17____(write)throughouthisremarkablelife.Asagiftedchild,Beethovenwaspushedbyhisfathertostudymusicdayandnight.Notlongafter,hebegantobeappreciatedforhispianoperformances.Bythetimehewasateenager,he____18____(enjoy)areputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.____19____someimportantmusicianslikeMozartnoticedhistalents,hislife,however,tookasharpturn.Hestartedtolosehishearing____20____hislatetwenties.【答案】17.written18.hadenjoyed19.When20.in【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。貝多芬是世界著名的音樂家，在他非凡的一生中創(chuàng)作了大量的作品。作為一個天才的孩子，貝多芬在父親的督促下日夜學(xué)習(xí)音樂。不久之后，他的鋼琴表演開始受到人們的欣賞。在他十幾歲的時候，他已經(jīng)享有杰出年輕音樂家的聲譽。當(dāng)一些重要的音樂家如莫扎特注意到他的才能時，他的生活卻發(fā)生了急劇的轉(zhuǎn)變。他在快30歲的時候開始失去聽力。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：貝多芬是世界著名的音樂家，在他非凡的一生中創(chuàng)作了大量的作品。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，works與write構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補。故填written?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在他十幾歲的時候，他已經(jīng)享有杰出年輕音樂家的聲譽。根據(jù)上文“Bythetimehewasateenager”可知表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadenjoyed?！?9題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：然而，當(dāng)像莫扎特這樣的重要音樂家注意到他的才能時，他的生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”應(yīng)用when。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他在快30歲的時候開始失去聽力。結(jié)合句意表示“在某人快30歲時”短語為inone’slatetwenties。故填in。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATechEnabledYogaPants—TheWearableXTheYogapantsWearableXletsyoupracticeyogaonyourownterms.Ourtechnologywithintegratedsensorsandvibration(震動)isgoodforyourpracticeathomeandwhereveryougo.Thepulse(脈沖)clipsintothepantsbehindtheleftkneeandcontainsa370mAhbatterytoensureyoudon’trunoutofpowerduringyourpracticeTheWearableXusesBluetoothLowEnergytoconnecttoyoursmartphone.Toactivatethepulse,doubletapthesurfaceofthepantsuntilyouseeablinkingwhitelight.Ournewappletsyouchoosebetweendifferentexercisesaccordingtoyourpreferencesonyourphone.Theaudioinstructionsarepairedwithgentlevibrationstogiveyouclueswheretofocusandletyouknowifyouhavemadeitintotheposeattheendofeachpose.Onceyouhavesetyourvibrationsstrength,youcanplacethephonenexttoyouryogamatduringyoursession.Towash,eitherputonhandwashoragentlecycleafterremovingthepulse.TheWearableXallowstumbledry(甩干).Makesureitisdrybeforeclippingthepulsebackon.“Thesepantshaveagreatshapeandaresuperstylish.It’slikehavingthehandsonapproachofayogainstructorwiththeabilitytodohighqualityyogaanywhere.Thepulsecaneasilyconnecttomysmartphone,whichissupercool!ThesepantsareamustwhenIhitthemat.”CassidyW.Hereisthefutureofwellnessthatbringstogetherdesignandtechnologytocreateabetterqualityoflifethroughexperienceandfashion.ClickHEREtopleteyourorderwiththeWearableXforjust$249witha14dayreturnguarantee.21.WhattechnologyisusedintheWearableX?A.Thetumbledry. B.Thevideoguide.C.Thewaterproofsurface. D.Theintegratedsensorsandvibration.22.Thestrengthofthevibrationcanaffect______.A.thelifeofthebattery B.thetimeforpracticeC.theaccuracyoftheposes D.theconnectiontotheBluetooth23.Whatisthetypeofthearticle?A.Apersonalblog. B.Ascientificessay.C.Anewsinterview. D.Awebsiteadvertisement.【答案】21.D22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是一種新的瑜伽褲——WearableX?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ourtechnologywithintegratedsensorsandvibration(震動)isgoodforyourpracticeathomeandwhereveryougo.(我們的集成傳感器和振動技術(shù)有利于您在家和任何地方的練習(xí))”可知，WearableX采用的技術(shù)是集成傳感器和振動技術(shù)，故選D。22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Theaudioinstructionsarepairedwithgentlevibrationstogiveyouclueswheretofocusandletyouknowifyouhavemadeitintotheposeattheendofeachpose.(音頻指示與輕柔的振動相結(jié)合，給你線索，讓你知道要注意哪里和在每個姿勢結(jié)束時讓你知道你是否做到位了)”可知，振動的強度會影響姿態(tài)的準確性。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ClickHEREtopleteyourorderwiththeWearableXforjust$249witha14dayreturnguarantee.(點擊這里完成您的WearableX的訂單，只需249美元，14天的退貨保證)”可知，本文是網(wǎng)上的廣告。故選D。BIhadaquickshortstayinDetroitAirportbeforeheadinghome.Knowingmygatenumber,Igottherewith5minutestospareandstoodwaitingfor“Gate3”tobecalled.IwasalreadyverytiredandhadanimportantcallscheduledforanhourafterIwassettogethome.ButthenIheardtheannouncement,“Itseemswehaveoverbookedtheflight.Wouldanyonecaretovolunteertostayforthelaterdeparturein4hours?”Andthegateattendantwasanxiouslywaitingforsomeonetovolunteer.Ilookedaroundandsawbusinessmenneedingtowork,momsneedingtomeettheirkids,kidsneedingtoseetheirfriends.EventhoughIwantedtobehomejustasmuchasanyone,somethinginsidemesaidthatIshouldextendsomekindnesstothisgroupofstrangers.Ipickedupmybag,approachedthedesk,andtoldthegateattendantmydecision.Smilespreadonthefaceofher.Asshewasprocessingmyticket,IwashappytoseealltheotherpassengerscouldnowboardtheirflightandIhadbeenabletohelp.Theattendanthandedmemyboardingpassforthelaterflightandanotherpieceofpaper,thensaid,“Thisisforyourkindness.”Isawthatitwasa700dollarvouchertoflyanywhereintheworldduringthenextyear!Igottomynewgateandtookaseatnexttoapoweroutletsothatmylaptopwouldmakeitthroughtheextrafourhours.1rescheduledthatimportantcall.AndthenIgotalotofworkdone,whichwasawonderfulsilverlining.Whenmyflightstartedboarding,Iwassurprisedtodiscoverthatmynewboardingpasswasforaseatinfirstclass.IthoughtabouthowgratefulIwasforeverythingthathadhappened,andhowitwasallbecauseofthechaineffectsofkindness.Igavewiththeintentiontoserveothers,withnothoughtofreward,andthatkindnesswasreturnedtomewithanamazingupgrade.24.Theairportannouncementwasmadeto______.A.asksomeonetotakenextflightB.giveinformationaboutadelayedflightC.informthattheflightwasabouttotakeoffD.tellpassengerstheflighthadbeencancelled25.Whatmadetheauthoroffortovolunteer?A.Arewardof700dollars B.Anofferoffirstclassseat.C.Therequestoftheattendant. D.Hisconcernaboutotherpassengers.26.Howdidtheauthorthinkabouthisextra4hourstayattheairport?A.Boringbutproductive. B.Challengingbutacceptable.C.Satisfyingandefficient. D.Relaxingandworthwhile.27.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.EveryEffortCounts B.TimeIsTreasureC.PatienceIsAppreciated D.KindnessGivesBack【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。作者乘坐的航班，因超額預(yù)定，需要有人自愿改簽下一個航班，作者主動表示善意，讓其他乘客能如愿登機，在滯留機場的4個小時中，作者高效率完成了很多工作，而這次主動改簽，他不但收到了航空公司送的代金券，還坐上了頭等艙。小小的善舉產(chǎn)生了連鎖效應(yīng)，作者得到了大大的回報?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ButthenIheardtheannouncement,‘Itseemswehaveoverbookedtheflight.Wouldanyonecaretovolunteertostayforthelaterdeparturein4hours?’Andthegateattendantwasanxiouslywaitingforsomeonetovolunteer.(但隨后我聽到廣播說:‘我們的航班似乎超額預(yù)定了?！腥嗽敢鉃?小時后起飛的飛機留下來嗎？門口的服務(wù)員正焦急地等著有人來做志愿者。)”可知，機場廣播通知乘客，這個航班因預(yù)定人數(shù)過多，希望有人自愿放棄乘坐這個航班，改簽下一個航班。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ilookedaroundandsawbusinessmenneedingtowork,momsneedingtomeettheirkids,kidsneedingtoseetheirfriends.EventhoughIwantedtobehomejustasmuchasanyone,somethinginsidemesaidthatIshouldextendsomekindnesstothisgroupofstrangers.(我環(huán)顧四周，看到商人們需要工作，媽媽們需要見孩子，孩子們需要見朋友。盡管我和其他人一樣想回家，但我內(nèi)心深處有個聲音告訴我，我應(yīng)該向這群陌生人表達一些善意。)”可知，作者考慮到其他乘客的需求，主動表示善意，愿意乘坐下一個航班，讓其他乘客能如愿登機。故選D項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Igottomynewgateandtookaseatnexttoapoweroutletsothatmylaptopwouldmakeitthroughtheextrafourhours.1rescheduledthatimportantcall.AndthenIgotalotofworkdone,whichwasawonderfulsilverlining.(我到了新登機口，坐在電源插座旁邊，這樣我的筆記本電腦就能撐過這額外的四個小時。我重新安排了那個重要的電話。然后我完成了很多工作，這是很好的一線希望。)”可知，作者在機場的四個小時中，干完了好多工作，重新安排了電話時間，根據(jù)“asilverlining”可推斷，作者認為這4個小時中工作效率不錯，整體上是令他滿意的。故選C項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，以及最后一段第二句開始“IthoughtabouthowgratefulIwasforeverythingthathadhappened,andhowitwasallbecauseofthechaineffectsofkindness.Igavewiththeintentiontoserveothers,withnothoughtofreward,andthatkindnesswasreturnedtomewithanamazingupgrade.(我想到我是多么感激所發(fā)生的一切，這一切都是因為善良的連鎖效應(yīng)。我的付出是為了服務(wù)他人，而不是為了回報，而回報給我的是一種令人驚訝的提升。)”可推斷，本文與kindness有關(guān)，D項“KindnessGivesBack”，意為“善良回饋”，與文章主題貼切。故選D項。CDeepSea:ToMineOrNotToMineArobotaslargeasatruckmovesalongthebottomofthedeepsea.Iteatsmetallic(含金屬的)rockandsoftmud.Theytravelupalongpipetoaship,whereworkersandmachineryseparateouttherockandthrowthemudbackintotheocean.Thisisaminingoperation.Therockcontainsamixtureofmetals,includingonescalledrareearthmetals.Peopleusethesematerialstomakebatteriesandelectronicslikeputersandphones.Deepseamininghasn’thappenedyet.Butitprobablywilloccurwithinthenextdecade.Nocountryownsanypartofthedeepsea,soaUNorganizationcalledtheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)decideswhoisallowedtominethere.Ithasallowed29organizationstoexplorethedeepseaandmakeplansformining,oneofwhichplanstobeginminingintheyear2027.Scientistsandenvironmentalists,though,warnthatminingcoulddestroydeepseaecosystem.In1989,ecologistHjalmarThielcarriedoutatest.HisteamsearchedtheseafloorofthePacificOcean,inaspotwithlotsofthemetallicrocksthatminerswanted.Theydidn’tactuallycollectanyoftherocks.Buttheydisturbedthemud,justasaminingoperationwould.Thecloudofmudfellbackdownovertheoceanfloorburyingcreatureslivingthere.Uptonow,theareatheydisturbedhasnotrecovered.Signsofthesearcharestillthere.Deepseacreatureslikespongesandcoralshavenotmovedbackin.Thatmeansminingcouldhaveharmful,longlastingconsequencesfordeepoceanlife.Scientistswanttounderstandthedeepseabetterbeforedisturbingit.Leavingthedeepseaalonesoundsgreat,butpeopleneedthosemetals.“Minesonlandaresoongoingtorunout,”geologistStevenScoltoftheUniversityofTorontotoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Everyelectronicdeviceintheworldhasrareearthmetalsinit...weneedrawresources.”Newenergytechnologiesincludingsolarandwindpowerandelectriccarsrelyonthesemetalsaswell.Wemayneedtominethemfromtheseainordertoswitchtogreenerenergysources.28.Accordingtothepassage,whydopeoplewanttocarryoutdeepseamining?A.Totesttheminingrobot. B.Tocollectrareearthmetals.C.Toseparatetherockfrommud. D.Tounderstandthedeepseabetter.29.WhatcanweinferfromthetestofHjalmarThielin1989?A.Theygatheredsomemetallicrockstheminerswanted.B.Theyhelpedtherecoveryofthedisturbedminingareas.C.Theydiscoveredthedeepseaminingaffectedtheoceanecology.D.Theyfoundtheraremetallicrockswereharmfultoseacreatures.30.WhatisStevenScolt’sattitudetowardsdeepseamining?A.Doubtful. B.Neutral. C.Supportive. D.Disapproving.【答案】28.B29.C30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了深海采礦作業(yè)給海洋環(huán)境帶來的危害和必要性?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arobotthesizeofalargebulldozermovesalongthebottomofthedeepsea.(一個大型推土機大小的機器人沿著深海底部移動)”和“Thisisaminingoperation.Therockcontainsamixtureofmetals,includingonescalledrareearthmetals.(這是一個采礦作業(yè)。這種巖石含有多種金屬，其中包括一種叫做稀土金屬的金屬)”可知，深海采礦作業(yè)是為了獲得稀土金屬。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Buttheydisturbedthemud,justasaminingoperationwould.Thecloudofmudfellbackdownovertheoceanfloorburyingcreatureslivingthere.Uptonow,theareatheydisturbedhasnotrecovered.Signsofthesearcharestillthere.Deepseacreatureslikespongesandcoralshavenotmovedbackin.Thatmeansminingcouldhaveharmful,longlastingconsequencesfordeepoceanlife.Scientistswanttounderstandthedeepseabetterbeforedisturbingit.(但他們擾亂了泥漿，就像采礦作業(yè)一樣。泥云落在海底，埋葬了生活在那里的生物。到目前為止，他們擾亂的地區(qū)還沒有恢復(fù)。搜尋的跡象仍然存在。海綿和珊瑚等深海生物還沒有搬回來。這意味著采礦可能對深海生物產(chǎn)生有害的、長期的后果?？茖W(xué)家希望在干擾深海之前更好地了解它。)”可知，海底采礦會影響海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Leavingthedeepseaalonesoundsgreat,butpeopleneedthosemetals.“Minesonlandaresoongoingtorunout,”geologistStevenScoltoftheUniversityofTorontotoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Everyelectronicdeviceintheworldhasrareearthmetalsinit...weneedrawresources.”(離開深海聽起來很棒，但人們需要這些金屬。多倫多大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家史蒂文·斯考特告訴史密森尼雜志：“陸地上的礦很快就會耗盡。世界上每一個電子設(shè)備都含有稀土金屬……我們需要原材料?！?”可知，他對海底采礦是支持的。故選C項。DNeuroscientistshaveexplainedtheriskyoraggressivebehaviorofteenagersastheproductofabrainthatissomehowdamaged.Agroundbreakingresearchinthepast10years,however,showsthatthisviewiswrong.Theteenbrainisnotdefective(有缺陷的).Itisnotahalfbakedadultbrain,either.Ithasdevelopedtofunctiondifferentlyfromthatofachildoranadult.Foremostamongtheteenbrain’sfeaturesisitsabilitytochangeinresponsetotheenvironmentbyadjustingthemunicationnetworksthatconnectbrainregions.Thisspecialplasticity,isadoubleedgedsword.Itallowsteenagerstomakeenormousprogressinthinkingandsocialization.Butitalsomakesthemsusceptibletodangerousbehaviorsandseriousmentaldisorders.Themostrecentstudyindicatesthattheriskiestbehaviorsarisefromamismatchbetweenthematuration(成熟)ofnetworksinthelimbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)),whichdrivesemotionsandstrengthensatadolescence,andthematurationofnetworksintheprefrontalcortex(前額皮質(zhì)),whichoccurslaterandpromotessoundjudgmentandthecontrolofimpulses(沖動).Indeed,wenowknowthattheprefrontalcortexcontinuestochangeuntilwellintoaperson’s20s.Andyetadolescenceseemstobestartingearlier,extendingthe“mismatchyears.”Thechangeabilityofnetworkslinkingbrainregionsandnotthegrowthofthoseregions—iskeytoeventuallybehavinglikeanadult.Understandingthat,andknowingthatawideninggapbetweenthedevelopmentofemotionalandjudgmentnetworksishappeninginyoungpeopletoday,canhelpparents,teachers,andteenagersthemselves.Peoplewillbetterseethatbehaviorssuchasrisktaking,andturningawayfromparentsandtowardpeersarenotsignsofcognitive(認知的)oremotionalproblems.Theyareanaturalresultofbraindevelopment,anormalpartofadolescentslearninghowtonegotiateaplexworld.Thesameunderstandingcanalsohelpadultsdecidewhentointerveneandhelp.A15yearoldgirl’sdeparturefromherparents’tastesinclothingormusicmaybeasourceofsadnessforMomandDad,butdoesnotindicatementalillness.A16yearoldboy’sinteresttoskateboardwithoutahelmetismorelikelyaresultofshortrangethinkingandpeerpressurethanadesiretohurthimself.Otherexploratoryandaggressiveactionsmightbewarningshowever.Knowingmoreabouttheuniqueteenbrainwillhelpallofuslearnhowtoseparateunusualbehaviorthatisageappropriatefromthatwhichmightindicateillness.Suchawarenesscouldhelpsocietyreduceteenproblems.31.Thedifferencebetweentheteen’sbrainandthatofanadultisits______.A.disorder B.weakness C.maturation D.changeability32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Safe. B.Sensitive. C.Hesitant. D.Resistant.33.Accordingtothemostrecentstudy,teens’riskiestbehaviorsarisebecause______.A.theirbrainsaresomehowdamagedB.theiremotionsstrengthenatadolescenceC.theprefrontalcortexfailstocontrolimpulsesD.twobrainregionsdon’tdevelopatthesamepace34.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itprovideseffectivesolutionstoteens’mentalproblems.B.Ithighlightsthefunctionsofdifferentbrainregionsofteens.C.Ithelpsadultstoanalyzeteens’behaviorsandofferhelp.D.Itintendstopreventteenagersfromriskyandaggressivebehaviors.【答案】31.D32.B33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了關(guān)于青少年大腦是否有缺陷這個問題，科學(xué)家們認為以前的說法是錯誤的?？茖W(xué)家認為青少年的大腦處于變化之中，這種變化是一種生理自然過程，這種變化能力讓他們很好地適應(yīng)了環(huán)境的變化，然而，這種變化也使他們對危險行為和嚴重的精神障礙敏感。了解更多獨特的青少年大腦將有助于我們所有人學(xué)會如何區(qū)分與年齡有關(guān)的不尋常行為。這種意識可以幫助社會減少青少年上癮、車禍和抑郁癥的發(fā)生率?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Foremostamongtheteenbrain’sfeaturesisitsabilitytochangeinresponsetotheenvironmentbyadjustingthemunicationnetworksthatconnectbrainregions.(青少年大腦最重要的特征之一是，它能夠通過調(diào)整連接大腦區(qū)域的通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，對環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)。)”可知，青少年大腦和成人不同主要在于對環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)，青少年大腦具有易變性。故選D項?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。由文章第二段“Thisspecialplasticity,isadoubleedgedsword.Itallowsteenagerstomakeenormousprogressinthinkingandsocialization.(這種特殊的可塑性，是一把雙刃劍。它讓青少年在思考和社會化方面取得巨大進步。)”可知，這是一把雙刃劍，前一句講這種可塑性對青少年好的方面，下一句應(yīng)講對青少年不好的方面，由后文“dangerousbehaviorsandseriousmentaldisorders(危險行為和嚴重精神障礙)”再結(jié)合選項可知，但這也使他們對危險行為和嚴重精神障礙“很敏感”，容易受到的影響。故選B項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Themostrecentstudyindicatesthattheriskiestbehaviorsarisefromamismatchbetweenthematurationofnetworksinthelimbicsystem,whichdrivesemotionsandstrengthensatadolescence,andthematurationofnetworksintheprefrontalcortex,whichoccurslaterandpromotessoundjudgmentandthecontrolofimpulses.(最近的研究表明，最危險的行為來自邊緣系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成熟與前額葉皮質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成熟之間的不匹配。邊緣系統(tǒng)在青春期驅(qū)動情緒并增強，而促進正確的判斷和對沖動的控制前額葉皮質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成熟較晚。)”可知，這些危險行為主要是因為來自邊緣系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成熟與前額葉皮質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成熟之間的不匹配，前額葉皮質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成熟較晚，所以推斷是大腦兩個區(qū)域的發(fā)展速度不一致。故選D項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Understandingthat,andknowingthatawideninggapbetweenthedevelopmentofemotionalandjudgmentnetworksishappeninginyoungpeopletoday,canhelpparents,teachers,andteenagersthemselves.Peoplewillbetterseethatbehaviorssuchasrisktaking,andturningawayfromparentsandtowardpeersarenotsignsofcognitive(認知的)oremotionalproblems.(了解這一點，并知道如今年輕人的情緒和判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展之間的差距正在擴大，可以幫助家長、老師和青少年自己。人們會更好地看到，諸如冒險、遠離父母和同齡人等行為并不是認知或情緒問題的跡象。)”以及最后一段“Thesameunderstandingcanalsohelpadultsdecidewhentointerveneandhelp.(同樣的理解也可以幫助成年人決定何時進行干預(yù)和幫助。)”可知，這項研究可以幫助成人更能理解青少年的行為以及知道什么時候給他們幫助。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。YourHealthand5GThefifthgenerationtechnologyofcellulardataor5G,promisestobringlightningfastdataconnectionspeeds.MuchfasterthanInternetconnectionscurrentlyofferedinmanyhomes.____35____However,noteveryoneisexcitedabout5Gservice.____36____Thereareevenprotestsaimedatslowingdownorevenstoppingpaniesfrominstallingtheequipmentnecessaryfor5Gservice.Whyarepeoplesoworried?Tounderstandthepossiblehealthrisksof5G,itisimportanttounderstandhowthenewservicesetsapartfromexisting3Gand4G.____37____5Gusesadifferentpartoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Thesignalshaveshortwavelengthsmeasuredinmillimeterscalledmillimeterwaves.Millimeterwavesareperfectforhighspeeddatabutsmalltransmittersandantennasmustputupeverywheretoensuregoodconnections.Thispresentsacauseforconcern.5Gservicemeansnewtransmittersandantennaseverywhere.Certainly,itwillmeanthattheamountofelectromagneticradiationthatpeopleareexposedtowillincrease.Radiationexposuresoundsdangerous,butitalldependsonthetypeofradiation,thestrengthandtheamountoftimethatpeopleareexposedto.Sunlightisatypeofradiation,andexposurefortoolongcancauseasunburn.____38____Manystudieshavebeendonetoexplorewhetherlowlevelexposuretoradiowaves,microwaves,ormillimeterwaveshasnegativehealtheffects.Sofar,thereisnoconclusiveevidence.____39____However,scientistswillcontinuetostudythelongtermeffectsofexposuretoelectromagneticradiation.A.It’simportanttoconsiderriskswhenusing5G.B.Willthisnewtechnologybringnewhealthrisks?C.Themaindifferenceisthenewfrequencyofthesignalstotransmitdata.D.Highspeedservicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizemanytechnologies.ERepeatedexposureovertimecanalsoleadtothelikelinessofskincancer.F.Aslongasproducersfollowsafetyregulations,5Gshouldnotcauseahealthrisk.G.Somepeopleworrythatthetechnologybehind5Gmightpresentserioushealthrisks.【答案】35.D36.G37.C38.E39.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了5G技術(shù)是否對人體健康造成影響的問題。【35題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefifthgenerationtechnologyofcellulardataor5G,promisestobringlightningfastdataconnectionspeeds.MuchfasterthanInternetconnectionscurrentlyofferedinmanyhomes.(第五代蜂窩數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)有望帶來閃電般的數(shù)據(jù)連接速度。比目前許多家庭提供的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接快得多)”以及后文“However,noteveryoneisexcitedabout5Gservice.(然而，并不是所有人都對5G服務(wù)感到興奮)”可知，本句與上文并列，旨在說明5G的好處：使許多技術(shù)發(fā)生革命。故D選項“高速服務(wù)有可能使許多技術(shù)發(fā)生革命”符合語境。故選D。【36題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thereareevenprotestsaimedatslowingdownorevenstoppingpaniesfrominstallingtheequipmentnecessaryfor5Gservice.Whyarepeoplesoworried?(甚至出現(xiàn)了旨在減緩甚至阻止企業(yè)安裝5G服務(wù)所需設(shè)備抗議。為什么人們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心？)”可知，后文提到了人們因為擔(dān)心而阻止企業(yè)安裝5G服務(wù)所需設(shè)備，G選項中worry對應(yīng)后文中worried。故G選項“一些人擔(dān)心5G背后的技術(shù)可能會帶來嚴重的健康風(fēng)險”符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Tounderstandthepossiblehealthrisksof5G,itisimportanttounderstandhowthenewservicesetsapartfromexisting3Gand4G.(要了解5G可能帶來的健康風(fēng)險，重要的是要了解新服務(wù)與現(xiàn)有3G和4G的區(qū)別)”以及后文“5Gusesadifferentpartoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Thesignalshaveshortwavelengthsmeasuredinmillimeterscalledmillimeterwaves.Millimeterwavesareperfectforhighspeeddatabutsmalltransmittersandantennasmustputupeverywheretoensuregoodconnections.Thispresentsacauseforconcern.(5G使用的是不同的電磁頻譜。這些信號的波長很短，以毫米為單位，稱為毫米波。毫米波非常適合高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，但必須在所有地方安裝小型發(fā)射機和