ControlSurveying主講人：LiSimengThislessoncontains3parts：thetermsofthecontrolsurveying,thecontrolsurveying,andthesentenceanalysis.01ControlSurveyingCONTENTS目錄PARTONEControlSurveying01ControlSurveyingTheTermsofControlSurveyingHorizontal/?h??r??zɑ?nt(?)l/adj.水平的;

Verticaladj.垂直的；直立的Latituden.緯度；緯度地區(qū)adj.緯度的詞根詞綴：-lat-寬的+-i-+-tude名詞詞尾Longituden.經(jīng)度，經(jīng)線Boundaryn.邊界Topographic/?tɑ?p??ɡr?f?k/adj.地形測量的地質(zhì)的；地形學(xué)上的topos,地方，-graphy,寫，記錄，學(xué)說

top·og·raphy/t??p?ɡr?fi/n.地形；地貌；地勢；地形學(xué)ic為形容詞詞綴，Topographic/?tɑ?p??ɡr?f?k/adj.地形測量的；地質(zhì)的；地形學(xué)上的ControlSurveyingTheTermsofControlSurveyingHydrographicadj.水位圖的;有關(guān)水位圖的hydro/?ha?dr??/意思為水力電，水利發(fā)電的+?-graphy寫，記錄，學(xué)說

Hydrographicadj.水位圖的;有關(guān)水位圖的Triangulation/tra????ɡju?le??n/n.[測]三角測量Trilateration/tra?l?t??re???n/n.[測]三邊測量詞根tri-,三，-later,邊tion名詞詞綴Terrain/t??re?n/n.地形，地勢；領(lǐng)域intervisibility/,int?,vizi‘biliti/n.通視性；互見度ControlSurveyingTheControlSurveyingThedeterminationoftheprecisepositionofmanyastationspreadoveralargearea,isreferredtoascontrolsurveying.Controlsurveyscanbedividedintotwogeneraltypes:horizontalandvertical.ControlSurveyingThepurposeofhorizontalcontrolsurveysistheestablishmentofanetworkoftriangulationstationsortraversestations.Thehorizontalpositionofastationcanbegiveninlatitudeandlongitude.Thepurposeofverticalcontrolsurveysistheestablishmentofanetworkofbenchmarks.Theelevationsofthesebenchmarksaredeterminedbyleveling.TheControlSurveyingControlSurveyingTheControlSurveyingHorizontalandverticalcontrolsystemsarelaidoutintheformofnetscoveringtheareastobesurveyed.Thecontrolpointsforthesystemsareestablishedatlocationswhereothersurveyscanbeconvenientlyandaccuratelytiedintothem.Theresultsofhorizontalandverticalcontrolsurveysareusedasabasicformwhichsurveysofsmallerextentcanbeoriginated.Boundarysurveys,constructionroutesurveys,topographicandhydrographicsurveysandothersmaybeinvolved.ControlSurveyingTheControlSurveyingHorizontalcontrolcanbecarriedoutbyprecisetraversing，triangulation，trilaterationandperhapssomecombinationofthesemethods.Theexactmethodsuseddependontheterrain/t??re?n/,equipmentavailable,informationneededandeconomicfactors.ControlSurveyingTheControlSurveyingBytraversing,aseriesofhorizontaldistanceandanglearemeasured.Itisgenerallycheaperandcanbeextendedinanydirection.Thereisnolimitbythelackofintervisibilitybetweenwidelyspacedstations.Asaresult,itcanbeaccomplishedundersomewhatlessfavorableweatherconditionsthantriangulationandtrilateration.Traversing,however,hasthedisadvantagesthattherearefewerchecksavailableformistakesintheworkandthewholesystemcanrathereasilyswayorbend.Tocheckatraverse/tr??v??rs/,itisnecessarytoformaloopreturningtothestartingpointortotieitintopreviouslyestablishedcontrolpoints.ControlSurveyingTheSentenceAnalysisThedeterminationoftheprecisepositionofmanyastationspreadoveralargearea,isreferredtoascontrolsurveying.Controlsurveyscanbedividedintotwogeneraltypes:horizontalandvertical.譯文:確定多個分布在大范圍內(nèi)點的精確位置(的測量)稱為控制測量?！癲etermination"是名詞，在翻譯時可采用“詞類轉(zhuǎn)換”的方法，將其翻譯為動詞“確定”;“spread…”為過去分詞短語作定語,修飾“station”;“manya,+名詞單數(shù)”意為“許多,大量”。ControlSurveyingTheSentenceAnalysis(2)Thepurposeofhorizontalcontrolsurveysistheestablishmentofanetworkoftriangulationstationsortraversestations.譯文:水平控制測量的目的是建立三角測量網(wǎng)或?qū)Ь€測量網(wǎng)?！癳stablishment”為名詞，在翻譯時采用了“詞類轉(zhuǎn)換”的方法，轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞“建立”;“stations”可省略不譯。ControlSurveyingTheSentenceAnalysis（3)Thecontrolpointsforthesystemsareestablishedatlocationswhereothersurveyscanbeconvenientlyandaccuratelytiedintothem.[PPT9]譯文:控制網(wǎng)的各個控制點建立在便于其他測量準確聯(lián)測的地方?！皊ystems”指代控制網(wǎng);“where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾“l(fā)ocations”;ControlSurveyingTheSentenceAnalysis（4)Horizontalcontrolcanbecarriedoutbyprecisetraversing,triangulation,trilaterationandperhapssomecombinationofthesemethods.譯文:水平控制可通過精密導(dǎo)線測量、三角測量、三邊測量以及幾種方法的聯(lián)合(測量)進行。本句的主干為“Horizontalcontrolcanbecarriedout”;“by…”組成介賓短語,賓語共有四個“traversing"，“triangulation"，“trilateration”，和“combination。“ofthesemethods”為介賓短語,作“combination”的定語。ControlSurveyingTheSentenceAnalysis(5)Traversing,however,hasthedisadvantagesthattherearefewerchecksavailableformistakesintheworkandthewholesystemcanrathereasilyswayo