Unit3Understandingeachother社會(huì)生活之(四)——文化差異[一積詞匯見多識(shí)廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．weddingn．婚禮2.receptionn．招待會(huì)；接待；接受3．offencen．冒犯；侮辱4.minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)5．gesturen．手勢；姿勢；示意動(dòng)作6.fireworkn．焰火，煙花7．musicaladj.音樂的n.音樂劇8.plainn．平原adj.清楚的；坦誠的(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．ensurevt.保證，確保2.throughoutprep.&adv.自始至終3．familiaradj.通曉；熟悉4.accountn．描述，敘述；賬目5．a(chǎn)ccustomedadj.習(xí)慣于；慣常的6.expectationn．期望，盼望(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.greetvt.和某人打招呼(或問好)→greetingn．招呼；問候；問候語*2.congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀→congratulationn．祝賀；賀詞*3.permitvt.&vi.允許，準(zhǔn)許n．許可證→permissionn．允許，許可4.prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibitionn．禁止；禁令*5.adjustvi.&vt.適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)→adjustmentn．調(diào)整→adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的6.celebrationn．慶典；慶?；顒?dòng)→celebratev．慶祝7.religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教的；虔誠的*8.slightadj.輕微的→slightlyadv.輕微地；稍微地*9.braveryn．勇敢→braveadj.勇敢的10.governvt.統(tǒng)治；控制，支配→governorn．主管人員；統(tǒng)治者→governmentn．政府用上面加*號(hào)的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Theheadmasterwrotealettertocongratulateheronhergoodperformanceandinturntheexcitingcongratulationsencouragedhergreatly.2．Itwasbraveofhertogointotheburningbuildingtosavetheboy,soweallrespectherforherbraveryandunselfishness.3．Althoughtherehasbeenaslightincreaseofthepopulation,thiscitystillhasasmallpopulation,onlyslightlyoverthreehundredthousand.4．Evenifyouhaveapermit,_Iwon'tpermityoutoenterthehallwithoutherpermission.5．Tomysurprise,insteadofmailingagreetingcard,shegreetedmewithahugandsaid“MerryChristmas”．6．Theheightofthebicycleseatisadjustable,_somyson'sbikedemandsconstantadjustments.[話題單詞積累]1．custom/'k?st?m/n．風(fēng)俗2．culture/'k?lt??(r)/n.文化3．cultural/'k?lt??r?l/adj.文化的4．difference/'d?fr?ns/n.差別，差異5．conflict/'k?nfl?kt/n.沖突6．a(chǎn)broad/'?br??d/adv.到國外，在海外7．overseas/??v?'si?z/adv.在(向)海外8．municate/k?'mju?n?ke?t/vt.傳達(dá)vi.通訊9．a(chǎn)ppropriate/?'pr??pri?t/adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?0．handshake/'h?nd?e?k/n.握手11．formal/'f??ml/adj.正式的12．bow/b??/vi.鞠躬13．informal/?n'f??ml/adj.非正式的14．rude/ru?d/adj.粗魯?shù)模粺o禮的15．embarrassment/?m'b?r?sm?nt/n．窘迫16．embarrassing/?m'b?r?s??/adj.令人尷尬的17．embarrassed/?m'b?r?st/adj.尷尬的18．situation/s?t?u'e??n/n.處境，情形19．friendly/'frendli/adj.友好的，親密的20．a(chǎn)void/?'v??d/vt.避開，避免21．misunderstand/m?s?nd?'st?nd/vt.誤會(huì)22．properly/'pr?p?li/adv.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?3．manner/'m?n?(r)/n．方式，舉止；禮貌24．respect/r?'spekt/vt.尊重；尊敬25．offend/?'fend/vt.觸怒；得罪，冒犯26．unfortable/?n'k?mft?bl/adj.不舒服的27．unawareness/??n?'w?rn?s/n．不知覺28．habit/'h?b?t/n.習(xí)慣，習(xí)性29．local/'l??kl/adj.地方的；當(dāng)?shù)氐?0．foreign/'f?r?n/adj.外國的31．realize/'ri??la?z/vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；了解，意識(shí)到32．express/?k'spres/v.表達(dá)33．western/'west?n/adj.西方的；歐美的34．traditional/tr?'d???nl/adj.傳統(tǒng)的[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.be_supposed_to_do_sth.應(yīng)該做某事*2.adjust_to適應(yīng)3.be_accustomed_to_doing_sth.習(xí)慣做某事*4.be_familiar_with通曉，熟悉*5.after_all畢竟，終究6.be_similar_to和……相似7.do_without沒有……也行*8.let_alone更不用說*9.show_sb._around帶某人參觀、游覽*10.take_up占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)11.be_connected_with與……有關(guān)系12.be_aware_of知道，意識(shí)到13.belong_to屬于14.have_power_over控制，支配15.be_home_to是……的家園，是……的所在地(二)用上面加*號(hào)的短語完成下列句子1．Themancanhardlypayhouserent,let_alonebuythehouse.2．Mybedroomisabitsmall;thebedtakes_uptoomuchroom.3．Thespeciesthatfailtoadjust_tothechangingconditionsofexistencewillgraduallybeeextinct.4．Ihavelearnedtouseputersandhavebeen_familiar_withallclericalduties.5．Weare_not_supposed_tospeakloudlyinareadingroom,whichisimpolite.6．Don'tblameonhim;after_all,_heisagreenhand.7．Intheafternoon,youwillbe_shown_around(游覽)ournewly-builtmuseum.[話題短語積累]1．gothrough經(jīng)歷2．befacedwith面對3．outofplace不適當(dāng)4．sayhelloto向……問好5．take...forexample以……為例6．expressone'sfeelings表達(dá)某人的情感7．bodylanguage身勢語8．cultureshock/conflict文化沖突9．facetoface面對面10．inpublic在公共場合11．shakeone'shand握手12．forthefirsttime第一次13．fromculturetoculture從一種文化到另一種文化14．tablemanners餐桌禮儀15．socialskills社交技能16．dealwith處理，對付[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”。[例句]Manyforeignershavetroublegettingaccustomedtoit.[仿寫]無論何時(shí)你理解唐詩有困難，你都可以向我尋求幫助。(2017·全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文)Youcouldturntomewheneveryouhave_trouble_in_understandingTangpoems.2．thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”[例句]OnereasonwhytherearesomanyFrenchwordsinEnglishisthattheFrenchruledEnglandforquiteanumberofyears.[仿寫]星期五下午我不能跟你一塊去書店的原因是那天下午我有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。(2016·全國卷Ⅲ滿分作文)The_reason_whyIcan'tgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoonis_thatIhavetoattendanimportantmeetingthatafternoon.3．dislikeitwhen...“不喜歡……”[例句]Theydislikeitwhenpeopledonotlookatthecards,soremembernottojustputtheminyourpocketwithoutlooking.[仿寫]很多人不喜歡別人讓他們給那些他們甚至不在意的比賽進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上投票。(2016·江蘇高考滿分作文)Manypeopledislike_it_whentheyareurgedtocaston-linevotesforpetitionsthattheyevendon'tcare.[話題佳句背誦]1．Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,youshoulddoastheRomansdowheninRome.如果你去習(xí)俗完全不同的地方旅游，你應(yīng)該入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。2．Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wemunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.盡管這些很重要，但我們并不只是通過口頭和書面語言進(jìn)行交流。3．Consideringthedifferentcultures,valuesandlevelsofeconomicdevelopmentinChinaandtheWest,bothsidesshouldrespectthediversityoftheirdevelopmentpaths.考慮到中國和西方在文化、價(jià)值觀和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平上的不同，雙方都應(yīng)該尊重他們發(fā)展道路上的差異。4．Peoplefromdifferentculturessometimesdothingsthatmakeeachotherunfortablewithoutmeaningtoorsometimeswithoutevenrealizingit.不同文化背景的人在一起有時(shí)會(huì)做出一些令對方感到不舒服的事——他們并非故意要這樣做，有時(shí)甚至連他們自己都未察覺到。[四背語段語感流暢]BeforeIgoabroadforfurtherstudy,Ihavetomakesomepreparations.IthinkthemostimportantthingIneedtodofirstisadjusttothecustomsthere.Thereisabigdifferencebetweentheeasternandwesternculture.IfIknownothing,itiseasyformetohavecultureshockandtocausemunicationproblems.Itwillputmeintoanembarrassingsituation.ItispossiblethatImisunderstandwhattheysaid,orthattheymisunderstandme.SoIneedtolearnasmanyculturalconflictsaspossibletomakemyoverseaslifebeeeasier.在我出國之前，我得做一些準(zhǔn)備工作。我想我首先需要做的是適應(yīng)那里的習(xí)俗。東西方文化有很大差異。如果我什么都不知道，很容易發(fā)生文化沖突，產(chǎn)生交流問題。這會(huì)置我于一個(gè)尷尬的處境?？赡芪視?huì)誤解他們的話，或他們誤解我。所以我要盡量了解更多的文化沖突，這樣我的海外生活才會(huì)變得更容易。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀[教材原句]Duringtheceremony,thehenlaidanegg,andeveryonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsideredverylucky.在婚禮儀式上，母雞下了個(gè)蛋，每個(gè)人都會(huì)祝賀這對新婚夫婦，因?yàn)檫@被認(rèn)為是非常幸運(yùn)的。(1)congratulate...on...就……向……祝賀(2)congratulationn.祝賀；恭喜Congratulations!祝賀！恭喜你！congratulations(tosb.)onsth.祝賀(某人)某事①M(fèi)anyforeignleaderscongratulatedChinaonholdingthenineteenNationalPeople'sCongress.許多外國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人祝賀中國十九次全國人民代表大會(huì)召開。②Iwanttoexpressmysincerecongratulations(congratulate)onyoursuccess.我想對你的成功表示誠摯的祝賀。2．permitvt.&vi.允許，準(zhǔn)許n.許可證[經(jīng)典例句]Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.在這個(gè)圖書館的任何地方，都不允許打電話。(1)permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事permitdoingsth.允許做某事(2)adriver's/drivingpermit駕駛執(zhí)照(3)permissionn.允許；許可with/withoutone'spermission獲得某人同意/沒有獲得某人同意askforpermission請求允許①Passengersarepermittedto_carry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.乘客只被允許帶一件手提行李登機(jī)。②Therulesoftheschooldonotpermitparking(park)neartheschoolgate.學(xué)校規(guī)定不允許把車停放在大門口附近。③Withyourpermission(permit),Iwillcarryouttheprojectassoonaspossible.如果你答應(yīng)的話，我將盡快開展這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。[名師點(diǎn)津]permit用作不及物動(dòng)詞，可表示時(shí)間、條件、天氣等“允許的話”，此時(shí)常用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即“名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”。④We'llhaveapicnicinthewoods,weatherpermitting(permit)．如果天氣允許的話，我們將在樹林里野餐。3．a(chǎn)djustvi.&vt.適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；整理，整頓[高考佳句]Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination'stime.(2015·重慶高考)例如，你一上飛機(jī)，就開始把生物鐘調(diào)整到目的地時(shí)間。(1)adjuststh.tosth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……adjusttosth./doingsth.適應(yīng)于(做)……adjustoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)于……(2)adjustmentn.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto對……作出調(diào)整①Toourdelight,thekidsquicklyadjusted_themselves_tothesurroundings.令我們高興的是，孩子們很快適應(yīng)了環(huán)境。②Wemadeafewminoradjustments(adjust)totheplan.我們對計(jì)劃作了些小的調(diào)整。③Myparentshadtroubleadjustingtoliving(live)inanapartment.我父母不適應(yīng)在公寓住。4．a(chǎn)ccountn．描述，敘述；報(bào)道；賬戶v．解釋，說明；考慮；認(rèn)為[教材原句]Youwillhavethechancetojoinoneoftheselargeassembliesandtakepartinthedancing,listentotraditionalaccountsofbravery,andplaygames.你將有機(jī)會(huì)加入這些大型集會(huì)中的一個(gè)并參與跳舞活動(dòng)，聆聽他們傳統(tǒng)的英勇故事，還可以參與游戲節(jié)目。[一詞多義]寫出句中account的詞性和含義①Hewastooshockedtogiveanaccountofwhathadhappened.n.描述②Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount,whichisespeciallyfortheold.n.賬戶③Severaleyewitnesses'accountsdifferedpletelyfromtheofficialversionofevents.n.敘述④Weallaccounthimaqualifiedteacher,andheisalsorespectedbyhisstudents.vt.認(rèn)為⑤Canyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight？v.解釋(1)accountfor解釋；說明；占……(比例)(2)onaccountof由于；因?yàn)閛nnoaccount決不(置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)(3)take...intoaccount/consideration＝takeaccountof考慮……⑥Theminoritynationalitiesaccount_forsixpercentofthepopulation.少數(shù)民族占人口的6%。⑦On_no_accountmustemployeesmakepersonaltelephonecallsfromtheoffice.工作人員決不允許在辦公室打私人電話。⑧Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakemysuggestionsintoaccount/consideration.我真誠地希望你將考慮我的建議。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“決不”的短語還有：①innocase②bynomeans③atnotime④innoway⑤undernocircumstances[自主練通詞匯]1．ensurevt.保證，擔(dān)保，確保補(bǔ)全句子①好好睡一覺將保證你更快復(fù)原。Agoodsleepwillensure_you_quicker_recovery.②這種藥將保證你一晚睡眠良好。Thismedicinewillensure_you_a_good_night's_sleep.③我不能保證他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)。Ican'tensurehisbeingontime.＝Ican'tensure_thathewillbeontime.2．prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不準(zhǔn)；阻止(1)單句語法填空①Itseemsthatlocallawsprohibitbuilding(build)neartheparks.②Federallawprohibitsforeignairlinesfromowningmorethan25%ofanyU．S.airline.(2)補(bǔ)全句子③這些公民被禁止出國旅行。Thesecitizenswere_prohibited_from_travellingabroad.④校園內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。The_prohibition_against_smokingonschoolgroundsisstrictlyenforced.3．a(chǎn)ccustomedadj.習(xí)慣于；慣常的單句語法填空①I'maccustomedtolistening(listen)tosomelightmusicbeforesleep.②Thestudentsquicklyaccustomedthemselves(they)tothenewtimetable,whichexcitedtheteachers.③Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside,Ifoundithardtoliveinthecity.4．familiaradj.通曉；熟悉一句多譯他對這個(gè)城市很熟悉，因?yàn)樗钱?dāng)?shù)厝恕＂貶eis_quite_familiar_withthecitybecauseheisanativeofit.②Thecityis_quite_familiar_tohimbecauseheisanativeofit.[點(diǎn)撥]be/getfamiliarwith“熟悉……；與……熟悉起來”，其主語通常是指人的名詞；befamiliarto“為……所熟悉”，其主語通常是人們所通曉的事物。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．IbelievethesedonatedbookswillnotonlymakeyoumorefamiliarwithChina,buthelpenhanceyourChinese.2．OnnoaccountwillIgiveupwhateverdifficultyImeetwith.3．Wehadtogetaccustomedtothenewworkingconditions.4．Wemustadjustourselvestothenewlifeassoonaspossible.5．“Congratulations(congratulate)onyoursuccessinpletingtheexperiment，”saidshe.6．Noreferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroomwithoutpermission.7．Properclothingensuredusagainst/fromsufferingfromthecold.8．Itismyfamilyfinancesthatprohibitmygoing(go)tocollege.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Youshouldadjustyoutothenewlivingwaysinthecity.第二個(gè)you→yourself2．Theteacherssparednoefforttoensureofallstudentshadanequalchance.of→that3．Timepermits,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.permits→permitting4．Hethrewhimselfinfrontofthedoorandprohibitedusintoleaving._into→from5．Hisexplanationdidnotseemadequatetoaccountofwhathadhappened.of→for6．Allowmetooffermywarmcongratulationtoyouonthesuccessofyourperformance.congratulation→congratulations7．I'velivedneartherailwayforsolongthatI'vegrownaccustomingtothenoiseofthetrain.accustoming→accustomed8．HewasfamiliarwithmebutIcouldn'tthinkofhisnameatonce.with→toⅢ.單句寫作(補(bǔ)全句子)1．如果你到了一個(gè)新地方，你必須盡快調(diào)整自己，適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。Ifyougotoanewplace,youmustadjust_yourself_to_the_new_surroundingsquickly.2．由于在比賽中取得了第一名，他的許多朋友為他開了個(gè)慶祝會(huì)。On_account_ofthefactthathetookthefirstplaceinthematch,manyofhisfriendsheldapartyforhim.3．你若沒有駕駛執(zhí)照，就不允許開車。Withoutadriver'spermit,youare_not_permitted_to_drivethecar.4．誰也不愿意與慣于食言的人打交道。Noonewishestodealwithapersonwhois_accustomed_to_breakinghisword.5．祝賀你大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中所取得的成績，并祝你在新的工作中交好運(yùn)。Congratulations_to_you_onyourstudyingachievementinyourcollegelifeandwishesforyourgoodluckwithyournewjob.[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．letalone更不用說[教材原句]Inhisyouth,however,heneverlefthishometown,letalonetravelledtoanothercountry,becausehehadtoworktosupporthisfamily.然而，他在青年時(shí)代就從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)，更不用說到過另外的國家了，因?yàn)樗坏貌还ぷ黟B(yǎng)活他的家人。let/leavesb.alone別煩/不打擾某人let/leavesth.alone別碰某物；別管某事letsb.down使某人失望letout使出來，放出；出租(某物)；泄露(秘密)letin使進(jìn)來，進(jìn)入①Inthosedays,wecouldn'tsendourchildrentomiddleschool,let_alonecollege.那時(shí)候，我們的孩子連中學(xué)都上不起，更不用說上大學(xué)了。②Whenhegetsmad,youhadbetterlet_him_alone.他發(fā)火時(shí)，你最好別管他。③IbelieveIcanbeagoodvolunteerandIwon'tlet_you_down.我認(rèn)為我能成為一名優(yōu)秀的志愿者，我不會(huì)讓你失望的。[名師點(diǎn)津]letalone“更不用說”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，但其后所接的詞的形式要求與前面的平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。其同義短語是nottomention。2．takeup占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)；拿起；開始從事；繼續(xù)；接受[教材原句]Ihavenoideawhathewilldowiththemall,andittookupalotoftime.我不知道他將如何處理這些東西，而且還花費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。[一詞多義]寫出句中takeup的含義①Wetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywerealltakenup.占據(jù)(空間)②ShetookupthestorywhereTimhadleftoff.繼續(xù)③IalwaystakeupthebookandreadwhenIaminlowspirits.拿起④Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.開始從事⑤Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing？接受takedown寫下；拆除takein收留；吸收；欺騙；領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解takeoff脫掉；起飛；成功takeon雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)takeover接任；接替；采用⑥D(zhuǎn)on'tbe_taken_inbyhispromises.Heneverkeepshisword.不要被他的花言巧語所欺騙。他從來沒有遵守過諾言。3．Manyforeignershave_trouble_gettingaccustomedtoit.很多外國人很難習(xí)慣這一點(diǎn)。havetrouble(in)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”；trouble為不可數(shù)名詞，前面可加修飾詞much,little,no等。havesome/no/littletrouble/difficultywithsth.某方面有/沒有困難havesome/no/littledifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有/沒有困難haveproblems/ahardtimewithsth./(in)doingsth.某方面/做某事有困難①Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehad_no_difficulty/trouble_(in)_findinghishouse.有這個(gè)男孩帶路，我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了他的家。②Pleasedon'thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhave_trouble/difficulty/problemswithyourstudy.＝Nomatterwhenyouhave_trouble/difficulty/problems_(in)studying,pleasedon'thesitatetoaskforourhelp.不論什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)遇到困難，請馬上找我們幫忙。[名師點(diǎn)津]對于句式havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定語從句，省略介詞in，導(dǎo)致have與后面的動(dòng)名詞連在一起，要注意辨別。③Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.你想像不到我們在暴風(fēng)雪中走回家有多困難。4．One_reason_whytherearesomanyFrenchwordsinEnglishis_thattheFrenchruledEnglandforquiteanumberofyears.英語里有如此多的法語詞匯的原因是法國人曾統(tǒng)治英格蘭很長時(shí)間。Thereasonwhy...isthat...表示“……的原因是……”。在此句型中why引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾thereason;that引導(dǎo)表語從句，說明thereason的內(nèi)容。eq\x(\a\al(Thereasonfor...isthat...“……的原因是……”,That/This/Itiswhy...“那就是為什么/因?yàn)椤?，why從句表示結(jié)果,That/This/Itisbecause...“那就是因?yàn)椤保琤ecause從句表示原因))①Thereasonwhy/for_whichhefailedtheEnglishexamwasthathedidn'tlearnitwell.他英語考試不及格的原因是他沒學(xué)好。②The_reason_for_your_mistake_is_thatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.你犯錯(cuò)誤的原因是你本身缺乏信心。③Therewasalotofworktodo.That_is_whyIdidn'tgotothecinemathatday.有很多工作要做。那就是我那天沒去看電影的原因。[名師點(diǎn)津]主語為名詞reason時(shí)，表語從句中的連接詞要用that/which，而不用why或because。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空eq\x(takeup，showsb.around，befamiliarwith，havepowerover，belongto，letalone)1．Wewon'tgowrong,becauseIamquitefamiliar_withthestreetshere.2．Onceyouhavethiscraziness,youcanachieveanythingyouwant,let_alonelearningEnglish.3．Thehousebelonging_toMrSmithisverybigandworthD|S8,000,000.4．Beforeyoustarttowork,I'llshowyouaroundalltheoffices.5．Aftersummingupthelastlesson,wewilltake_upthenewlesson.6．Inmyopinion,nobodycanhave_power_overanyoneelse'sfate.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．由于人手不夠，我們完成任務(wù)有很大困難。Nothavinggotenoughhands,wehad_great_difficulty_in_carrying_outthetask.2．我不喜歡在工作時(shí)間被打擾。I_dislike_it_whenIamdisturbedduringmywork.3．大家認(rèn)為艾滋病毒能逐漸破壞人的免疫系統(tǒng)。It_is_believed_thatthevirusofAIDScanbreakdowntheimmunesystemgradually.4．他沒有出席會(huì)議的原因是他突然病倒了。The_reason_whyhedidn'tattendthemeetingwas_thathefellillsuddenly.Ⅲ.一句多譯/句式升級1．他毫不費(fèi)勁地解決了那道難題。①He_had_no_difficulty/trouble_in_working_out_the_difficult_problem.(have)②There_was_no_difficulty/trouble_for_him_in__working_out_the_difficult_problem.(therebe)2．Tomwaslateforworkthismorningbecauseheoverslept.①Tom_overslept_this_morning._That_is_why_he_was_late_for_work.(thatiswhy...)②Tom_was_late_for_work_this_morning.That_is_because_he_overslept.(thatisbecause...)③The_reason_why_Tom_was_late_for_work_this_morning_was_that_he_overslept.(thereasonwhy...isthat...)eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文difficult，accustomed，unhappy，showsb.around，reception，takeup，familiar，ensure1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①一些人在熟悉中國人和西方人的餐桌習(xí)慣上有點(diǎn)困難。Somepeoplefind_it_difficulttomasterChineseandWesterneatinghabits.②中國人習(xí)慣于大家共吃一桌菜。西方人則更喜歡吃自己餐具里的食物。Chineseare/get_accustomed_to_sharing_all_the_dishestogether.Westernersprefertohavetheirplatesoffoodalone.③如果有太多人吃飯，西方人會(huì)不喜歡。Iftherearetoomanypeopleattable,Westernersfeel_unhappy.④吃完飯后，他們或許也會(huì)帶著你參觀他們的房間。Afterdinner,theymaybeshow_you_around_their_house.⑤在中國，如果是一個(gè)非常正式的招待會(huì)，主人將提供大量的飯菜，以致吃不完。InChinaif_it_is_a_very_formal_reception,_thehostwillprovidetheguestswithahugeamountoffood,someofwhichisleftover.⑥這不僅浪費(fèi)食物，而且會(huì)占用很長時(shí)間。Notonlyisitawasteoffoodbutalsoa_lot_of_time_will_be_taken_up.⑦當(dāng)你與外國人進(jìn)餐或進(jìn)行海外旅行時(shí)，為了保證所有的事情順利進(jìn)行，熟悉這些文化差異是很重要的。Itisimportanttoget/be_familiar_with_the_differences_inorder_to_ensure_all_things_gorightwhenyouareeatingwithforeignersortravellingoverseas.2．升級平淡句(1)用“havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth.”升級句①Some_people_have_trouble/difficulty_in_mastering_Chinese_and_Western_eating_habits.(2)用“dislikeitwhen...”升級句③Westerners_dislike_it_when_there_are_too_many_people_at_table.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：besides,personally,so)Somepeoplehavetrouble/difficultyinmasteringChineseandWesterneatinghabits.Chineseare/getaccustomedtosharingallthedishestogether.Westernersprefertohavetheirplatesoffoodalone.Besides,Westernersdislikeitwhentherearetoomanypeopleattable.Afterdinner,theymaybeshowyouaroundtheirhouse.InChinaifitisaveryformalreception,thehostwillprovidetheguestswithahugeamountoffood,someofwhichisleftover.Personally,notonlyisitawasteoffoodbutalsoalotoftimewillbetakenup.Soitisimportanttoget/befamiliarwiththedifferencesinordertoensureallthingsgorightwhenyouareeatingwithforeignersortravellingoverseas.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句Anotherthingis,ifyoucametoBrunei,youwouldhavetotakeoffyourshoesbeforegoingintosomeone'shouse.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用should(would)＋動(dòng)詞原形。如果三年前有人告訴我，我會(huì)用大部分的周末時(shí)間去野營，我會(huì)放聲大笑。真題長難句IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用wouldhave＋過去分詞。注意從句中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！拔幕町悺笔恰吧鐣?huì)生活”的子話題。在高考試題中，社會(huì)生活類題占了非常大的比重。它常以中西文化差異作為選材的重點(diǎn)，以風(fēng)俗、交際、禮儀、語言、價(jià)值觀、生活習(xí)慣等為主題。從近幾年的高考試題看，閱讀內(nèi)容的實(shí)用性越來越強(qiáng)。介紹中西文化差異豐富了考生的知識(shí)，也為更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語打下了基礎(chǔ)。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2016·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀D)[1]Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyunfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.[2]ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofmunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.[3]Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.[4]Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheyeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.32．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A．Itimpliesanger. B．Itpromotesfriendship.C．Itisculture-specific. D．Itiscontent-based.33．Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A．TheChinese. B．TheFrench.C．TheMexicans. D．TheRussians.34．Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SoundandSilenceB．WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC．SilencetoNativeAmericansD．SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分不同文化群體中沉默的含義不同現(xiàn)象第2～3段第2、3段畫波浪線部分不同的國度對沉默的使用方式不同分析第4段第4段畫波浪線部分醫(yī)護(hù)人員應(yīng)當(dāng)利用沉默的治愈價(jià)值應(yīng)用第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[嘗試翻譯]所以當(dāng)一個(gè)來自這些文化之一的人在講話時(shí)突然停住了，可能那個(gè)人是在繼續(xù)(講話)之前暗示聽眾去思考他之前說了什么。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]32．推理判斷題。選C根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，silenceinconversations具有文化特異性。C項(xiàng)為合理推斷。A項(xiàng)“它暗示了憤怒”為混淆視聽；B項(xiàng)“它促進(jìn)友誼”為無中生有；D項(xiàng)“它基于內(nèi)容”為無中生有。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選A根據(jù)第二段可知，中國人可能認(rèn)為一個(gè)人在談話時(shí)突然停頓是希望聽話人去仔細(xì)思考。A項(xiàng)為“同義替換”。B項(xiàng)“法國人”；C項(xiàng)“墨西哥人”；D項(xiàng)“俄羅斯人”，均為混淆視聽。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選D根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知，護(hù)士應(yīng)該充分利用沉默的治愈價(jià)值。D項(xiàng)為詞義替換。A項(xiàng)“讓它一直使病人愉悅”為曲解文意；B項(xiàng)“治療病人時(shí)中止它”為顛倒是非；C項(xiàng)“評估它對病人的危害”為無中生有。35．標(biāo)題歸納題。選B文章主要講述的是沉默在各個(gè)風(fēng)俗中所表達(dá)的不同意義及其在醫(yī)療方面的作用，故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“聲音與沉默”為無中生有；C項(xiàng)“美國本地人的沉默”為以偏概全；D項(xiàng)“說話是銀，沉默是金”為曲解文意。[閱讀理解系列技法13]利用選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)巧解標(biāo)題歸納題標(biāo)題可以幫助讀者迅速推測出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章討論的中心，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。一般來說，文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性、針對性、簡潔性三個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)。在了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系；看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何；要注意題目范圍過大或過小。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)通常具有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：概括不夠、過度概括、以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)代替概括性強(qiáng)的大意。例如第35題，A項(xiàng)中“sound”未提及；C項(xiàng)只是說美國人，有些片面；D項(xiàng)“說話是銀，沉默是金”，與文章內(nèi)容不符。(三)這樣積累1．stubbornnessn．倔強(qiáng)，頑強(qiáng)2．conflictn.沖突，戰(zhàn)斗3．a(chǎn)uthorityn.權(quán)威，權(quán)力4．uneasinessn.擔(dān)心，局促5．view...as...把……看作……6．beawareof意識(shí)到……二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2015·全國卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華，你校英文報(bào)“外國文化”欄目擬刊登介紹美國節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請給美國朋友彼得寫信約稿，要點(diǎn)如下：1．欄目介紹；2．稿件內(nèi)容；3．稿件長度：約400詞；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭語已為你寫好。DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對詞匯不丟冤枉分1．刊登文章carry_articles2．特別歡迎especially_wele3．任何相關(guān)的事情anything_relevant4．只要as/so_long_as5．增進(jìn)知識(shí)的informative第二步：列全要點(diǎn)，寫對句子?；痉?．我們報(bào)紙中的“外國文化”欄目深受學(xué)生歡迎。The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section_in_our_newspaper_is_very_popular_among_us_students.2．它刊登文章。It_carries_articles.3．這些文章是由外國朋友寫的有關(guān)他們國家文化情況的。The_articles_were_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_of_their_home_countries.4．我們尤其歡迎有關(guān)美國人如何度過節(jié)假日以及美國中學(xué)生生活的文章。We_would_especially_wele_articles_about_how_Americans_spend_their_holidays_and_festivals,_and_the_life_of_American_high_school_students.5．你可以寫任何相關(guān)的事情。You_can_write_anything_relevant.6．它有趣且增進(jìn)知識(shí)。It's_interesting_and_informative.第三步：句式升級，打造亮點(diǎn)得高分1．將句2、3用過去分詞作賓語合并It_carries_articles_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_of_their_home_countries.2．將句5、6用as/solongas合并You_can_write_anything_relevant_as/so_long_as_it's_interesting_and__informative.第四步：過渡銜接，潤色成文創(chuàng)滿分DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.The“ForeignCultures”sectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.WouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourpartoftheUnitedStates?AndwewouldespeciallywelearticlesabouthowAmericansspendtheirholidaysandfestivals,andthelifeofAmericanhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantas/solongasit'sinterestingandinformative.400wordswouldbefine.CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours，LiHuaeq\a\vs4\al([單元檢測·高考提能])[語言基礎(chǔ)扎根練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Myeyesrangeoverthecrowdedroom,seekingafamiliar(熟悉的)face.2．Icannotseewheretheydifferfromeachother:tometheylookexactlyalike(相似)．3．Heensured(保證)thattimelyactionwastakentoresolvetheproblem.4．Youraccount(敘述)ofwhathappeneddoesnottieinwithwhatthreeotherwitnesseshavesaid.5．Itisatalewhichhasoftenbeenretold(轉(zhuǎn)述)withinWestIndianliterature.6．Itsnowedthroughout(自始至終)thenight.Thewholetownwascoveredwithsnow.7．Ifyouarenotaccustomed(習(xí)慣)tosleepingwiththelighton,justturnitoff.8．Thepartywillbeinformal(非正式的),soyouneedn'tdressup.9．Hismannerwasslightly(稍微)rude,butyouneedn'tmind.10．Therearemanymysterious(神秘的)storiesabouttheEgyptianpyramids.11．Thegirlshouldbemendedforherbravery(brave)insavingthedrowningchild.12．Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermission(permit)isastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.13．Theprohibition(prohibit)ofsmokinginpublicareashasalreadyeintoeffect.14．We'vehadtomakesomeadjustments(adjust)toouroriginalcalculations.15．Iknowfromtheirgreetings(greet)howmuchtheyexpectedofme.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Davidisoneofthesepeoplewhohavetroubleinmakeuptheirminds.make→making2．Wewillthrowapartytocongratulatetohimonhispromotion.去掉第二個(gè)to3．Ittookherawhiletoadjusttolivethereafterarrivinginthecountry.live→living4．IhavebeenaccustomedtogetupearlyinthemorningsinceIcametoseniorhighschool.get→getting5．SuzhouandHangzhouarefamiliarwithforeigners.with→to6．Thereasonwhyheexplainedtouswasthathehadn'treadthebookbefore.why→that/which或去掉whyⅢ.翻譯句子/一句多譯1．那天我沒去看電影的原因是我有很多工作要做。(Thereas