備戰(zhàn)2021高考英語(yǔ)閱讀之記敘文（一）

（A）

IrememberdoingthehouseholdchorestohelpmymotherwhenIwasnine.Ihatedchanging

thevacuumcleaner（真空吸塵器）bagandpickingupthingsthemachinedidnotsuckup.Twenty

yearslater,in1978,with（hislifelongdislikeof（heway（hemachineworked,Idecidedtomakea

baglessone.

Easiersaidthandone,ofcourse.Ididn'trealizethatIwouldspendthenextfiveyears

perfectingmydesign,aprocessthatresultedin5,127differentprototypes（樣機(jī)）.BythetimeI

mademy15thprototype,mythirdchildwasborn.By2,627,mywifeandIwerereallycountingour

pennies.By3,727,mywifewasgivingartlessonsforsomeextracash,andweweregettingfurther

andfurtherintodebt.Theseweretoughtimes,buteachfailurebroughtmeclosercosolving（he

problem.

Intheearly1980s.Istartedtryingtogetlicensingagreementsformytechnology.Thereality

wasverydifferent,however.Themajorvacuummakershadbuiltabusinessmodelbasedonthe

profitsfrombagsandfilters（濾網(wǎng)）.Noonewouldlicensemyidea,notbecauseitwasabadone,but

becauseitwasbadforbusiness.Butsoonafter,thecompaniesthatIhadtalkedwithstartednuking

machineslikemine.IhadtcfightlegalbattlesonbothsidesoftheAtlantictoprotectthepatentson

myvacuumcleaner.

Iwasstillinfinancialdifficultiesuntil1993,whenmybankmanagerpersonallypersuaded

LloydsBanktolendme$1million.ThenIwasabletogointoproduction.Withintwoyears,the

Dysonvacuumcleanerbecameabest-sellerinBritain.

Today,Istillembraceriskandthepotentialforfailureaspartoftheprocess.Nothingbeatsthe

excitementofinvention,

1.Whatdrovetheauthortomakeabaglessvacuumcleaner?

A.Hiswillingnesstohelpmom.

B.Hiscuriosityaboutmachines.

C.Histroubleindoingfamilychores.

D.Hisdiscontentwithexistingcleaners.

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellus?

A.Thehelpfromtheauthor'swife.

B.Thefinancialproblemsofthefamily.

C.Thetoughprocessof(henewinvention.

D.Theproceduresofmakingabaglesscleaner.

3.Whydidthecompaniesrefusetolicensetheauthor'stechnology?

A.Theythoughttheymightsufferloss.

B.Theyconsidereditnotgoodenough.

C.Theyfacedlegalproblemsthemselves.

D.Theyhadbegunmakingsuchmachines.

4.Wha(lessonmaytheauthorlearnfromtheexperience?

A.Thinktwicebeforeacting.

B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.

(B)

APhDstudentinMichigandefendedherpaperwhilewearingaskirtmadeofrejection

lettersshereceivedwhilestudying.29-year-oldCaitlinKirbyprintedout17ofherrejectionletters

—fromscholarships,academicjournals,andconferences—thenfoldedeachoneintoafan.She

connectedtheminrows,andbytheendshedesignedtheitemintoaskirtandworeit.

Shesaidthattheideabehindheruniqueclothingitemcameoutofadesiretonormalize

rejectionandtakeprideinovercomingit."Thewholeprocessofrevisitingthoseoldlettersand

makingthatskirtsortofremindedmethatyouhavetoapplytoalotofthingstosucceed,Mshesaid.

“Anaturalpartoftheprocessistogetrejectedalongtheway.”

Caitlin'sadviser,JulieLibarkin,aprofessorofearthandenvironmentalscienceatMichigan

StateUniversity,alsoencouragestheacceptanceoffailureinherstudents.Libarkinbelievesit's

importantforstudentstogetintohabitofapplyingforthings,andtogetusedtothefeelingof

rejection,sosheencouragesthemtochaseafteranyopportunitythatcomestheirway.Ifastudent

doesn'tget(hegrantorthespotintheacademicjournal,that'sokay.They'llstillhavelearned

somethingin(heprocess.

AsforCaitlin?Herrejectionsovertheyearshaveledtogreatthings:Sinceherdoctorate,

she'swonascholarshiptodofurtherresearchonurbanagricultureinGermany.

Currently,she'sapost-doctoralresearcherattheUniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.Asfor

whatthefiiturcholds?'Tirpreparedtoreceiveafewmorerejectionlettersalongtheway；'she

jokedheartily,4tMaybcI'llmakealongerskirt.”

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutCaitlinKirby'srejectionletters?

A.Shereceived17rejectionsintotal.

B.29ofherrejectionswerefromjournals.

C.Therejectionswereconnectedintoafan.

D.Shemadesomerejectionlettersintoaskirl.

2.WhatisJulieLibarkin'sattitudetowardsCaitlin'saction?

A.Favorable.B.Ambiguous.

C.Skeptical.D.Opposed.

3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeCatlin?

A.Creativeandconsiderate.B.Caringanddetermined.

C.Optimisticandhumorous.D.Generousandintelligent.

4.WhichofthefollowingmayCaitlinagreewith?

A.Hardworkpaysoff.

B.Educationistheentrancetosuccess.

C.Self-respectearnsmorerespect.

D.Oneneedstonormalizefailures.

(C)

Acaloriedellcilisaslateinwhichyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.Asoneof(he

mostpopularapproachesoflosingweight,howdoesitwork?Forexample,ifyouburn2,500

caloriesperdaybutonlyeat2,000,youhavecreatedadeficitof500caloriesperday.Thereis

mathematicalcertainty.But,thisbynomeanstellsthewholestoryabouthowcaloriesdeficitaffects

ourlives.

Beforewonderingwhatacaloriedeficitis,il'sprobablybesttolearnwhatacalorieis.A

calorieisaunitthatwcusetotrackourbody'senergyexpenditure(消耗)andstorage.Inorderto

juststayalive,humanbeings(andanimals)bumcalories.Thismeans,evenbeforeweperformany

activity,ourbodiesarealreadyusingenergy(measuredincalories)tokeepusalive.Around70%of

thecaloriesweconsumearespentonjustkeepingourvitalorgansrunning.Thus,ifaperson

consumescaloriesfarmorelessthanneededtolookthin,itmayhavenegativeeffectsonthebody.

Whenpeoplepickupacaloricdeficit,theyoftenmerelynotethatthecaloricmathisirrefutable

(無(wú)可辯駁的).Thequestionhereisthatnotallcaloriesarethesame.Ifyoueatafewbagsofpotato

chipworthofcaloriestosupportthecalorieintakeneededtomaintainorcutdownonyourweight,

itwillwork.But,thisdoesn'thavethesameeffectonyourbodyandoverallhealthasabalanced

nutritionalmealcontainingthesameamountofcalories.

Itseemslikeasimpleunitofenergyhasbecomeanobjectofoursociety'sobsession.Itneedn't

bethatway.Remember,caloriedeficitsarcjustatool,whichservesapurposeinlosingsomeweight

andkeepingtrackofyourcalorieintakeseemssimpleenough.

1.Whatdowcknowaboutthecaloricdeficit?

A.Ithelpspeopleloseweight.

B.Itisawayofdoingexercises.

C.1(affectspeople'slivespositively.

D.Itmeansthecaloriespeopleconsume.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedinParagraph2?

A.Acalorieisaunittosteredailyenergy.

B.Peopleneedtoburncaloricstobealive.

C.Calorieintakeistokeepourorgansoperating.

D.Livinganimalsonlyburncaloriesafteractivities.

3.Whatissuggestedforpeopletoloseweighthealthily?

A.Focusingun(hecaloiiemathwheneating.

B.Focusingondifferentcalorieswheneating.

C.Havingbagsofpotatochipscontainingenoughcalories.

D.Havingbalancednutritionaldietscontainingpropercaloiics.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Influencesofcaloriedeficits.B.Approachestoloseweight.

C.Distinctionsbetweencalories.D.Waysto(rackcalorieintake.

(D)

Mymotheralwaystoldme,“Youshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintothe

world.^^However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.But

luckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechance(oridethe

trainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.TheticketwasabargainSI50.MybestfriendsTrevor,

JoelandJeremyandIimmediatelyjumpeda(iheopponuniiyandsecuredfourticketsonihegreat

Canadianrailroad.

Foragroupof20-ycar-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenwc

approachedthetrainstationin(hemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwas

(obegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthe(rain(oHogwartsin

HarryPotter.Althoughthethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetrackscoveringcloseto3,000

kilometrescrushedourspiritsalittle,whathappenednextcaughtusbysurprise.

Thethreedaysonboardturnedintoasummercamponrails.Atnight,wewouldclimbupthe

glass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmful

lightpollution.Beforeweknewit,(hewarmsunraysbeatingdownonourfaceswokeusupfor

anotherdayontherails.Tomysurprise,aseaofgoldengrainfieldsdominatedthelandscapewe

wereintheCanadianPrairies.

Anotherdayslippedawayandwesetupforanothernightinthedome.Andthistimewewere

greetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.

Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryoneintheglassbubbleincompletedisbelief.

ArrivingintheRockyMountainswasoneofthemostsurrealistic(超現(xiàn)實(shí)的)experiencesof

mylife.Beforethetrainadventure,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,

Iwouldhave.Thatisnolongertrue.Fvelearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthe

destination.

1.Whathasmadetheauthor^trainadventureacrossCanadaareality?

A.Theencouragementgivenbyhismother.

B.Theappealofthescenicviewsinthecountry.

C.ThediscountticketofferedbyViaRailCanada.

D.Hisgreatcouragetochallengeatoughmission.

2.WhatcanweinferabouttheyoungpeoplefromParagraph2?

A.Theywereexcitedaboutthecomingtrainjourney.

B.Theylefttheirparentsforthefirsttimeintheirlife.

C.Theyneverthoughtofhavingatrainadventure.

D.TheywerehookedbythemagicstoryofHarryPotter.

3.Whatdoes"theglassbubble^^inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Abraininlackofimagination.B.Theglass-domedtraincar.

C.Asummercamponthetrain.D.Thesightseeingbus.

4.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromthetrainadventureacrossCanada?

A.Opportunitiesarehardtoget.B.Enjoyingajourneycountsalot.

C.Splendidsceneryattractsyoungpeople.D.Thetravelingexperienceisnotreal(ohim.

(E)

InLosAngeles,UPSdriverHectorVesconoticedthatwhilehedidhisnormalroute,there

wasonekidwholookedsad.

OnceHectorunderstocdwhytheboylookedupset,hejumpedintoaction.Afatheroftwo

himself,heknewthathewouldhavetocheckinwiththeparents.UsingablankUPSslip.Hector

wroteoutanotereading,uHi,thisisHector,yourUPSdriver.I'veseenyoursonplentyoftimes

onthebalconyandheseemedverysadthathedidn'tgetanypackage.WhenheaskedmeifIhad

anypackagefbrhim,Itoldhim,'Don'tworry.Maybenexttime.'So,anyway,I'vebought

somethingandputitinbox.Justwantedtoknowhisname.MHectoralsosharedhisnumberso

thattheparentscouldcontacthimdirectly.

AftergettingalltheinformationheneededfromthemotherBrookeWalbuck,Hectorshowed

upthenextdayandsurprisedtheboy,Langston,withthedelivery.

Ofcourse,thegestureofdeliveringtheparcelwasniceenough,butitturnedoutvvhalwas

insidemadeitevenbetter!WhenLangstonopenedupthebox,hefoundacollectionoftoycars

andabunchofcandy.Itdidn'tgetmuchbetterthanthatfbralittleboy.

Afterthedeliverywasmade,Brookesentafollow-uptexttothankHectoragain.Inhisreply,

Hectorstatedthathehadtwodaughtershimself.Hekeptabunchoftoycarshehadcollectedover

(heyears.WhenhemetLangston,heknewitwastheperfectopportunitytoputthemtogooduse.

InhismessagebackloBrooke,healsomentionedthatLangstonhelpedhimrememberhow

manykids,alongwithhis,hadtolivethroughtheCOVID-19pandemic（疫情）.“Ourkidsareour

worldandthefuture,“hesaid."Ijustwanttoshowsomelove.”

Beforethepandemic,youprobablydidn'tthinktoomuchaboutthepeoplewhodelivered

yourpackages.Butintimesofpandemic,deliverydriverslikeHectorhavesomeofthemost

importantjobs!

I.WhatdoweknowaboutHectorVesco?

A.Hecollectedtoycarsforboys.

B.Heworkedforadeliverycompany.

C.HewasfamiliarwiththeWalbucks.

D.HeinformedLangstonofhisownnumber.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoestheunderlined"it"inParagraph4referto?

A.Thebox.B.Thegift.

C.Thegesture.D.Theparcel.

3.HowweretheWalbucksinfluencedbythedelivery?

A.BrookewasgratefultoHector'skids.

B.Brookewasregretfulforignoringherson.

C.Langstonwascheeredupinthepandemic.

D.Langstonwasdisappointedwiththeusedtoys.

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoconveyinthetext?

A.Thepandemicaffectstheglobe.

B.Childrenlovetoycarsandcandies.

C.Oldproductscanservenewpurposes.

D.Oidinaiypeoplecanbecxliauidinary.

參考答案：

A

1.根據(jù)文章第一段末尾句內(nèi)容“Ihatedchangingthevacuumcleaner（真空吸塵器）bagand

pickingupthingsthemachinedidnotsuckup.Twentyyearslater,in1978.withthislifelongdislike

ofthewaythemachineworked,Idecidedtomakeabaglessone.”我討厭換真空吸塵器的袋子，

討厭把吸塵器吸不進(jìn)去的東西撿起來(lái)。二十年后，也就是1978年，我對(duì)這臺(tái)機(jī)器的，作方

式一直很反感，于是決定做一臺(tái)無(wú)袋的。可知，對(duì)于真空吸塵器的反感導(dǎo)致了作者研制一種

無(wú)袋吸塵器。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.通讀文章第二段內(nèi)容，可知其段落結(jié)構(gòu)為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，首句內(nèi)容“Easiersaidihandone,

ofcourse.”和末尾句內(nèi)容'Theseweretoughtimes,buteachfailurebroughtmeclosertosolving

theproblem.”點(diǎn)明本段主旨要義，即作者發(fā)明無(wú)袋吸塵器過(guò)程中遇到的一些困難。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Themajorvacuummakersliadbuiltabusinessmodelbasedonthe

profitsfrombagsandfillers.Noonewouldlicensemyidea,notbecauseitwasabadone,but

becauseitwasbadforbusin?ss”可知，沒(méi)人會(huì)認(rèn)可作者的想法是因?yàn)檎婵瘴鼔m器的包裝袋和過(guò)

濾器能夠給商家?guī)?lái)盈利，而作者發(fā)明的無(wú)袋吸塵器會(huì)使商家失去原有的能夠帶來(lái)盈利的部

分，因此商家擔(dān)心其不能帶來(lái)盈利反而可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致?lián)p失。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.作者在文章末尾點(diǎn)明主旨,揭示道理:Today,Istillembraceriskandthepotentialfor

failureaspartoftheprocess.Nothingbeatstheexcitementofinvention.可知.作者的“無(wú)袋吸塵

器”發(fā)明經(jīng)歷使他明白了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和失敗在發(fā)明過(guò)程中是可能存在的。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

1.根據(jù)文章第一段“29-year-oldCaitlinKirbyprintedout17ofherrejectionletters—from

scholarships,academicjournals,andconferences—thenfoldedeachoneintoafan.Sheconnected

(heminrows,andbytheendshedesignedtheitemintoaskirtandworeit.”可知,CaitlinKirby

將收到的拒絕信做成了一條裙子“故選

2.根據(jù)文章第三段“Libarkinbelievesit'simportantforstudentstogetintohabitof

applyingforthings,andtogetusedtothefeelingofrejection,sosheencouragesthemtochaseafter

anyopportunitythatcomestheirway.”可推斷,JulieLibarkin對(duì)Caitlin的行為是贊成的。故選

Ao

3.根據(jù)文章第?段"APhDstudentinMichigandefendedherp叩erwhilewearingaskirt

madeoflejectiunlelteissheicceivedwhilestudying.”不口最后——段'Tinpiepaiedtoleceiveafew

morerejectionlettersalongtheway,shejokedheartily,44MaybeI'llmakealongerskirt.”可推斷，

CaitlinKirby樂(lè)觀且幽默。故選C。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段“Thewholeprocessofrevisitingthoseoldlettersandmakingthatskirt

sortofremindedmethatyouhavetoapplytoalotofthingstosucceed,"shesaid."Anaturalpartof

theprocessistogetrejectedalongtheway.”可推斷，我們需要將失敗正?；９蔬xD。

C

參考答案

1.根據(jù)第一段Acaloriedeficitisastateinwhichyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.

Asoneofthemostpopularapproachesoflosingweight可知，卡路里不足可以減肥。

故選A項(xiàng)。

2.根據(jù)第二段Inordertojuststayalive,humanbeings(andanimals)bumcalories.可知,人

需要燃燒卡路里才能活著。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ifyoueatafewbagsofpotat