Reviewoflongsentences新人教版選擇性必修四

Unit5ReviewusefulstructuresSentences

typesSimpleSentence簡單句CompoundSentence并列句ComplexSentence復(fù)合句Compound-complexSentence并列復(fù)合句簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：

e.g.

Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）

e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。一、簡單句并列連詞種類主要并列連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系表示承接、選擇和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等but/yet/while...for/so/therefore...and/or/aswellas/neither...nor…/either...or...二、并列句并列句的分類1.表并列關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)詞有：and，notonly...butalso，neither...nor，both...and，not...but…NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.Not

couldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.2.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而)Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.Janesaidthatshewasill,yet/but/whereasIsawherinthestreetjustnow.注意主謂一致注意否定詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝3.表選擇關(guān)系：or，otherwise，orelse，either...orWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.4.表因果關(guān)系：for，soWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.Hedidn’tworkhard,sohefailedintheexamination.5.表對比關(guān)系：

whileIdoeverysinglebitofhouseworkwhilemyhusbandTomjustwashesdishesnowandthen.6.祈使句＋and/or＋簡單句，祈使句表示一個條件，and引導(dǎo)的簡單句表示一個承接的結(jié)果，or引導(dǎo)的簡單句表示一個相反的結(jié)果，簡單句多用一般將來時態(tài)。Readthisstory,andyouwillenjoyyourlifenowmore.Taketheflowersintoawarmroom,ortheywilldiequickly.三、復(fù)合句定義及結(jié)構(gòu)由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個成分，不能獨(dú)立。主句與從句之間用關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接起來。例如：

Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.

2.主從復(fù)合句的分類根據(jù)從句對主句的修飾、限定和補(bǔ)充作用，主從復(fù)合句主要分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。3種從句類型狀語從句定語從句名詞性從句時間，原因，地點(diǎn)，比較，方式等狀語從句...限制性、非限制性定語從句主從，賓從，表從，同位從引導(dǎo)詞：when/since/theminute/where/because/sothat/aslongas/unless/though/whatever/as...as...關(guān)系詞：who/whom/which/that/whose/aswhen/where/why連接詞：that/whether/if/what/when/which/why/how/whichever...1.狀語從句用作狀語的從句很多，可以表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、目的、結(jié)果、比較、讓步等。Ididn’tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.

(時間狀語從句)(原因狀語從句)(目的狀語從句)Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llturnourdreamsintorealities.Althoughit’sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefields.(結(jié)果狀語從句)(條件狀語從句)(讓步狀語從句)2.定語從句

定語從句多由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.(when在從句中作狀語，可替換成介詞in＋which)Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可位于主句前面)3.名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，因此可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1.Thatthematchwillbecancelledisnowcertain.

2.Iwonderifyoucouldstayforanotherday.3.That’swhyIobjecttotheplan.4.Theideathatmoneymeanseverythingisunsound(不可靠的).(主語從句)(賓語從句)(表語從句)(同位語從句)Exercise(P53Activity2)Changetheseshortsentencesintolongsentences.Payattentiontotheconnectorsyouneedtouse.Checktheanswers1.Careerguidanceoughttobeincludedathighschool.

Theschoolshouldalsoofferaworkexperienceprogramme.Careerguidanceoughttobeincludedathighschool,andtheschoolshouldalsoofferaworkexperienceprogramme.also表示兩個短句為并列關(guān)系，可以用and連接兩個短句compoundsentence職業(yè)指導(dǎo)應(yīng)該包括在高中，學(xué)校還應(yīng)該提供一個工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目。2.Dreamingofbecomingsomebodygreatiseasy.Workingtoachieveyourdreamcanbequitehard.Dreamingofbecomingsomebodygreatiseasy,butworkingtoachieveyourdreamcanbequitehard.表對比Checktheanswerscompoundsentence夢想成為大人物很容易，但努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想?yún)s很難。3.Youneverknowwhereyou’llbeworkinginthefuture.Learnasmuchaspossible.Studyaforeignlanguage.Itiswisetodothesethingsforthesakeofyourfuture.Youneverknowwhereyou’llbeworkinginthefuture,solearnasmuchaspossibleandstudyaforeignlanguage,becauseitiswisetodothesethingsforthesakeofyourfuture.表因果Checktheanswers表承接because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句compound-complexsentence為了……的緣故你永遠(yuǎn)不知道你將來會在哪里工作，所以盡可能多地學(xué)習(xí)并學(xué)習(xí)一門外語，因?yàn)闉榱四愕奈磥碜鲞@些事情是明智的。4.Socialoccupationsrequirecommunicatingwithpeople.

Thisofteninvolveshelpingorprovidingservicetootherpeople.Socialoccupationsrequirecommunicatingwithpeople,whichofteninvolvehelpingorprovidingservice.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Checktheanswerscomplexsentence社會職業(yè)需要與人溝通，這通常涉及幫助他人或?yàn)樗颂峁┓?wù)。Socialoccupations,whichofteninvolvehelpingorprovidingservice,requirecommunicatingwithpeople.5.AIisdevelopingrapidly.Lawyers,teachers,librarians,drivers,andreceptionistsmayfindtheirjobsreplacedbyAIinthefuture.Manypeoplebelievethistobetrue.AIisdevelopingrapidly,solawyers,teachers,librarians,drivers,andreceptionistsmayfindtheirjobsreplacedbyAIinthefuture,whichmanypeoplebelievetobetrue.so引導(dǎo)的并列從句Checktheanswerswhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句compound-complexsentence5.AIisdevelopingrapidly.Lawyers,teachers,librarians,drivers,andreceptionistsmayfindtheirjobsreplacedbyAIinthefuture.Manypeoplebelievethistobetrue.Manypeoplebelievethat

since

AIisdevelopingrapidly,lawyers,teachers,librarians,drivers,andreceptionistsmayfindtheirjobsreplacedbyAIinthefuture.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Checktheanswerssince引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句complexsentenceActivity3:MakeaCareerPlanQ1:Whatdoyouthinkoftheadviceonmakingacareerplan?

Q2:Whatotheradvicecanyouthinkof?whathowwhatwhat/whichwhichthat/whichhowwhatthat/whichwhowhichwhatwhich24536Ithinkit’susefulandpractical.Weshouldalsotaketheneedofthesocietyintoaccount.Exercise(P53Activity3)I.Combineeachpairofsentencesintoacompoundsentence,usingproperconjunctions.1.①Theshopswereclosed.②Ididn'tgetanymilk.2.①

Iboughtanewspaper.②

Ididn'treadit.3.①Doyouwantmetocomewithyou?

②ShallIwaithere?4.①Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.

②Hewasafraidofthedog.Theshopswereclosed,soIdidn'tgetanymilk.IboughtanewspaperbutIdidn'treadit.DoyouwantmetocomewithyouorshallIwaithere?Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.II.Combineeachpairofsentencesintoacomplexsentenceasrequired.1.Thepeoplecalledyesterday.

Thepeoplewantstobuy

thehouse.(定語從句)2.We'llgototheGreatWall.

It'sfinetomorrow.(狀語從句)3.Whowillbeourmonitor?Ithasn'tbeendecidedyet.(主語從句)4.Heishonest.

Webelieveit.(賓語從句)Thepeoplewhocalledyesterdaywantstobuythehouse.We'llgototheGreatWall

ifit'sfinetomorrow.Who

willbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Webelievethatheishonest.1.Ifyouwanttoholdakoala,youhavetogotocertain

licensedzooswhereanimalexpertsmakesurethat

thekoalasselectedforeachsessionareinagood

stateforhumancontactandthattheyarehandled

foronlyalimitedtimeandonalimitedfrequencyof

occasions.

如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有執(zhí)照的動物園。那里的動物專家會確保挑選出來的考拉狀態(tài)良好、適合與人接觸，游客愛撫考拉的時長和頻率也有限制。定語從句修飾zoosand連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句條件狀語從句2.Butbyanycriteriathisworkisworthittousaswell,

becauseitshowsthatweareglobalcitizens

interestedinworldstability,andthatwefeel

responsibleforothersandare