動作描寫速成

動詞在讀后續(xù)寫的語言表達(dá)中占據(jù)著關(guān)鍵地位，堪稱靈魂所在。運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確的動詞，能

夠給讀者留下極為深刻的印象。有時，我們需要對一個較為籠統(tǒng)的動作進(jìn)行拆解，將其

細(xì)化為幾個細(xì)節(jié)動作，從而構(gòu)成一條動作鏈。

一般來說，一個籠統(tǒng)的動作V在發(fā)生之前，可能會包含以下1至2個動作：V2

（呼吸相關(guān)動作）、V3（手部動作）、V4（腿部動作）、V5（頭部動作，包含眼部動作）、

V6（口部動作）。

舉例如下：

“坐下來”這一動作可分解為：深呼吸+掃視觀眾+坐下來。

英文表達(dá)為：Hetookadeepbreath,glancedattheaudienceandbegantositdown.

“和孩子擁抱”這一動作可分解為：對孩子笑著眨眼+把孩子拉到懷抱里+緊緊擁

抱。

英文表達(dá)為：Hewinkedathisson,pulledhimintohisarmsandhuggedhimtightly.

鑒于此，我們很有必要熟練掌握一些動詞的具體用法。

身體部位動作表達(dá)

一'手

（一）遞，給

將某物遞給某人：handsth.（back/down/in/out）tosb

（二）拉，伸

拉住孩子的手：takethechild'shand

伸手抓住她的手：reachforherhand

伸出一只手：extend/hold/stretch/reachoutahand

張開雙臂：holdout/stretchhisarms

（三）拿，抓

手里拿著鑰匙：holdthekeyinhishand

抓著繩子：grasp/griptherope

抓起電話：grabthephone

悄悄地將手插進(jìn)口袋里：slidehishandsintohispockets

把手從他手里抽出：withdrawherhandfromhisgrasp

一邊思索一邊搔頭：scratch（at）herhead

抓住我的手：seizemyhand

胳膊下夾著一只公文包：carryabriefcaseunderone'sarm

攥緊拳頭：clenchherfists

把她擁入懷中：pullherintohisarms

抓住我的手：takeholdofmyhand

把雙手深深插進(jìn)口袋里：dighishandsdeepintohispockets

她的手指甲摳進(jìn)掌心里：herfingernailsweredugintoherpalms

（四）拍，打，揮

拍手：clapone'shands

掐（捏）自己：pinchherself

拍了拍那人的肩膀：patthemanontheshoulder

推開了他：pushhimaway

他的拳頭重重地砸在桌上：banghisfistloudlyonthetable

揮拳：swinghisfists

揮手：wave

擊打：strike/hit

（五）扔

把釣線拋向河中央：castthelinetothemiddleoftheriver

朝我的窗戶扔石頭：throwstonesatmywindow

隨手把煙扔出車外：tossacigaretteoutofhiscar

（六）摸

摸孩子的臉：strokeachild'sface

摸黑路：gropeone'swayinthedarknight

在口袋里摸鑰匙：feelforthekeyinthepocket

（七）擁抱

親切地?fù)肀遥篽ugmeaffectionately

懷里抱著一只小小的玩具熊：cuddlealittleteddybear

擁抱她母親：embracehermother

把孩子緊緊地抱在懷里：nestlethebabyinherarms

摟著某人：throwone'shandaroundsb.

把她女兒摟在懷里：pullherdaughterintohisarms

（A）打破

冰碎裂了：theicebreak

一根細(xì)樹枝斷了：atwigsnaps

破碎，碎裂：falltobits/pieces

（九）刺、剪、切

把紙剪成兩半：cutthepaperinhalf

箭頭射入他的肩膀：thearrowpiercedhisshoulder

（十）撲，靠

撲進(jìn)他的懷抱：throwoneselfintohisarm

靠在墻上：leanagainstawall

把頭枕在他肩上：nestleherheadagainsthisshoulder

（十一）其他

握住我的手：shakemyhands

舉手：raisetheirhands

攤開雙手：spreadherhands

搓著雙手：rubherhandstogether

把杯子送到唇邊：lifttheglasstoherlips

快速翻了一下那本日志：flip（through）thepagesofthediary

用一只手接住了球：catchtheballinonehand

把船拉至lj水邊：dragtheboatdowntothewater

把包裹撕開：tearthepackageopen

敲門：knockatthedoor

擦了擦滿是汗水的手掌：wipehissweatypalm

把東西都倒出來：emptythecontentsout

雙臂合抱：foldherarms

聳了聳肩：shrughisshoulders

擠著穿過人群：shoulder/elbowherwaythroughthecrowd

打包裹：wrapupapackage

把一枚硬幣塞進(jìn)她的手里：pressacoinintoherhand

二、腳和腿

（一）和foot,knee有關(guān)

站起來：gettohisfeet

一躍而起：jumptoherfeet

騰地站起身：springtohisfeet

站起來：risetohisfeet

慢吞吞地走：dragherfeet

腳底一滑：myfeetslip

掙扎著站了起來：struggletohisfeet

站了起來：beonhisfeet

跌倒在地：falltothefloor

抱膝取暖：hughiskneestokeepwarm

雙膝下跪：getdownonhisknee

跪下來：falltohisknees/falltothegroundonhisknees

（二）蹲，坐

跪下來：kneeldown

倒入扶手椅中：sinkintothearmchair

蹲在篝火旁：croucharoundthecampfire

癱坐在沙發(fā)上：collapseonthesofa

（三）悄悄、輕輕地走

躡手躡腳地走到窗戶旁邊：tiptoetothewindow

踮著腳：standontiptoe

偷偷溜出家門：sneakoutofhishouse

偷偷下樓：slipdownstairs

偷偷溜出了房間：slideoutoftheroom

悄悄地從床上爬起來：creepoutofbed

（四）蹣跚、慢慢走

蹣跚而去：staggerout

一痛一拐地穿過馬路：hobbleacrosstheroad

在屋里踱來踱去：pacetheroom

緩慢向前挪動：inch/edgeforward

（五）艱難地走

拖著腳步向門口走去：shuffletowardsthedoor

躥過了河（wade只能在水里走）：wadeacrosstheriver

（六）快跑

沖下地下室：dashdowntothebasement

沖進(jìn)起火的公寓里：rushintoaburningflat

飛奔過空無一人的街道：dartacrossthedesertedstreet

向球迷沖去：chargeatsoccerfans

沖出門：burstthroughthedoor

（七）慢跑

每天早晨都沿著河邊慢跑：jogalongtherivereverymorning

（八）生氣地走

氣沖沖地走出去：stormout

（九）開心地走

蹦蹦跳跳地跑進(jìn)了房間：bounceintotheroom

（十）其他

匆匆穿過院子：hurryacrosstheyard

漫無目的地到處游蕩：wanderaimlessly

縮在一個角落里：huddleinacorner

三、爬、躺、彎腰、蜷縮

（-）爬

匍匐前進(jìn)：crawlforward

（二）躺

趴在海灘上：lay（down）onmystomachonthebeach

仰臥在沙發(fā)上：layonherbackonthesofa

（三）其他

坐立不安：sitonthorns

蜷著身子：curlup

四、不動

1.motionless/still

一動不動的

2.berootedtothespot

粘在了地上似的一動不動

五、動物常見的動作

1.crouchonabigstone

趴在一顆大石頭上

2.pounceonthehorse

朝那匹馬猛撲過去

3.clawattheboy

伸出爪子去抓那男孩

4.lickitswound

舔了舔傷口

5.soarintothesky

直飛藍(lán)天

6.trotaway（四足動物）

急跑

六'聽和看

（一）聽

1.Thesoundfadedawayinthedistance.

聲音在遠(yuǎn)處漸漸消失。

2.Thenoiseofcarriage-wheelsfellontheirears.

他們聽到了馬車車輪的聲音。

3.Sheheardafootfallontheupstairs.

她聽到樓上有腳步聲。

4.Ashotrangoutfromtheoppositebank.

對岸傳來了一聲槍響。

5.Aloudwhistlestruckhisear.

響亮的哨聲傳入他的耳中。

（二）看

1.Sheblinked.

她眨了眨眼睛。

2.Hewinkedather.

他沖她眨了眨眼。

3.Hejustglaredatmesilently.

他只是默默地怒視著我。

4.Hewaspeepingatherthroughhisfingers.

他從指縫偷看她。

5.Everyonestaredatme.

眾人都盯著我看。

6.Shegazedatmeindisbelief.

她以懷疑的目光注視著我。

7.Heglancedather.

他瞟了她一眼。

8.Shecaughtsightofacarinthedistance.

她看見遠(yuǎn)處有一輛汽車。

9.Hiseyesscannedtheroom.

他的眼睛掃視著房間。

10.Hereyesfollowedmyeverymove.

她的眼睛注視著我的一舉一動。

11.rollone'seyes

翻白眼

12.Theireyeslockedtogether.

他們四目相交。

13.Hiseyeswerelockedonher.

他兩眼緊盯著她不放。

總結(jié)

很多優(yōu)秀的小說用的都是常見的動詞。優(yōu)秀在于描寫的角度、想象的豐富，讓人身臨

其境。因此我們不要著急去背誦，而是要用心揣摩作者刻畫的角度。譬如：

MarcusburiedhisfaceinTata'schest,breathinginhisfamiliarsmell.Everyday一every

hour-Marcushadwishedforthismoment.

馬庫斯把臉埋在塔塔的胸前，呼吸著他熟悉的氣味。每一天，每一小時，馬庫斯都希

望這一刻的到來。

分析：這里的用詞很簡單，動詞就是bury、breathe和wish,但作者通過呼吸氣味這個

角度說明孩子對父親的期待，非常貼切，一下子觸動了讀者的相似經(jīng)歷。

模擬演練

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Edwardwalkedslowlypasttheschoolblacktopwherehisolderbrother,Leon,wasplayingbasketballwith

hisfriends.Leondidn'tnoticeEdwarduntilheturnedtoshoottheball.Leonreallylovedbasketballandwas

goodatit.ButEdwardwasanotherstory.

EdwardwouldbegtoplaywiththembutLeon'sfriendscomplainedalot.Forsomereason,inthatlast

game,Edward'splayingwasworsethanever.Hecouldn'tdoanythingright.Hewascompletelyunabletokeep

possessionoftheball.Hemissedeventheeasyrebounds.Hisdribblingwasuseless,andnoneofhisthrows

wereanywherenearthebasket.Leonhadtoturnhisbrotheraway.

Edwardwasalwaysawhizatmath.Hewassoadvancedthathealreadyknewhowtosolvelongdivision

problemsbeforehewastaughtinschool.Wordproblems,eventhecomplicatedoneswithseveralsteps,were

noproblem.

Oneday,Leon'smathteacher,pulledhimaside.44Youneedtodobetter,alotbetter,oryou'renotgoingto

passthisclass.There5sabigtestcomingup.”

Leon'sheartsank.Whenhegothome,hetalkedwithEdwardaboutit.Theboysagreedthatoverthenext

twoweekstheyintendedtospendanhoureachdayafterschoolworkingonmathproblemsandthenanhour

playingbasketball.

“Hereisagoodone,^^Edwardsaidandpointedtoawordproblem.Whydon,tyoureadit?”

Leonlookedatthebookforseveralseconds.I'mdizzyalready!,5Heexclaimed.

“Doyouknowwhatthefirststepis?”askedEdward,t4Thefirststepistostaycoolandfocused,^^Edward

talkedLeonthroughtheproblem."'Thinkaboutwhatyouneedtofindout.Don,tlettheproblemtrickyou.^^

Stepbystep,togethertheyfigureditoutandgottherightanswer.LeonsoondiscoveredthatEdwardwasreally

goodathelpinghim.

Paragraphl.

Soonitwastimeforbasketballpractice.

Paragraphl.

ThemorningofthemathtestcamealltoosoonforLeon.

Onepossibleversion:

Soonitwastimeforbasketballpractice.Edwardheldtheballwithsweatyhands.,standingonthecourt

nervously."Staycoolandstayfocused.Thoserulesworkinbasketball,too."Leonsaid."Let'sstartfromthe

basics.^^WithLeon'spatientinstructions,Edwardstartedtopracticedribbling.AtfirstEdwardwouldget

frustratedbecausehecouldn'trememberallthesteps.Butafterattentivepracticehisperformancechangedfor

thebetter.Thenexttwoweekssawthetwobrothersinspiringeachotherandmakingprogresssteadily.Edward

learnedhowtoshoot,passandrebound;Leonwasabletosolvemoreandmorecomplicatedwordproblems.

ThemorningofthemathtestcamealltoosoonforLeon."Staycoolandfocused!,?WithEdward's

encouragingwordsechoinginhismind,Leoncalmeddownandburiedhimselfinthequestions.Eventually,he

finishedthepaperwithflyingcolors.Thebellringing,Leonhandedinthepaper,dartedoutoftheclassroom

andwenttoEdward.HeinvitedEdwardtoplaybasketballwithhimafterschool.Atthecourt,Leon'sfriends

wereamazedbyhowmuchEdwardhadimproved.Theyhadsomuchfun!t4Thatwasprettygoodbasketballfor

amathwhiz,“saidLeonasheandEdwardheadedhome.4<Justlikeyourmathgrade!Itwasaprettygoodgrade

forabasketballall-star.9,

【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了Edward是數(shù)學(xué)小天才，但不擅長打籃球。每天晚上放學(xué)

后看到哥哥與朋友們在籃球場揮汗淋漓，很是羨慕。Edward懇求與哥哥一起打籃球，表現(xiàn)實在糟糕，

運(yùn)球，傳球，投籃樣樣都差，受到哥哥朋友們的嘲笑。Leon迫于朋友的壓力，拒絕弟弟一起打籃球。

哥哥Leon雖擅長籃球，但數(shù)學(xué)課苦苦掙扎。一天Leon接到數(shù)學(xué)老師最后通牒，數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)必須努力，

在下次考試中必須過關(guān)，否則這學(xué)期數(shù)學(xué)課可能掛科。Leon沮喪之下，想到與弟弟互幫互助。經(jīng)過共

同努力，兩人分別在籃球和數(shù)學(xué)上得到提高，實現(xiàn)了雙贏。而且在這個過程中，兄弟情誼得以加深。

【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫

①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“很快就到了籃球訓(xùn)練的時間?！笨芍?，第一段寫Leon幫助Edward練習(xí)籃球。

②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“數(shù)學(xué)考試的那天早上對Leon來說來得太快了。”可知，第二段描寫Leon的數(shù)

學(xué)取得很大的進(jìn)步，Edward的籃球技巧也提升很大。

2.續(xù)寫線索：Leon不帶Edward打籃球一■老師通知Leon數(shù)學(xué)需提高fLeon找Edward幫忙補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)

學(xué)iLeon幫Edward提高籃球技巧一?兩兄弟雙贏。

3.詞匯積累

行為類

解決：solve/resolve

邀請：invite/ask

提高：improve/develop/increase

保持：stay/keep/remain

情緒類

驚訝的：amazed/astonished/surprised

挫敗的：frustrated/unsatisfied/upset

開心的：fun/pleasure/delight

【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]AtfirstEdwardwouldgetfrustratedbecausehecouldn'trememberallthesteps,

（because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句）

[高分句型2]Leon'sfriendswereamazedbyhowmuchEdwardhadimproved.（howmuch弓|導(dǎo)的賓語從

句）

模擬演練

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Debbie,a1O-year-oldboy,waslivinginNorthRiverHeightsinupperManhattan,NewYork.Hehada

raremedicalfacialdeformity（畸形）.Duetoseveralsurgeries,Debbiehadbeenhome-schooledbyhismother,

butasDebbiewasapproachingthefifthgrade,hismotherdecidedtosendhimtoBeecherPrep,amainstream

privateschool.

Inordertoprotecthisfaceskin,Debbiehadtoapplyointment（藥膏）tohisface,whichmadehimlooklike

wearingaspecialfacemask.

Atthebeginningoftheschooldays,hewasrejectedbynearlytheentirestudentbodyforhisstrangelook,

whichwasadifficultperiodforhim.Luckily,agirlnamedSummer,whoofferedtositwithhimonhisfirstday

ofschool,helpedhimgetthroughthetoughtime.Theyoftenplayedtogetherandchattedabouttheirfavourite

subject-science.Andtheybecamegoodfriends.

Gradually,Debbie'soutstandinglearningabilityandkindbehaviourmadehimpopularamongstudents.

SinceDebbiewasexpertinscience,hisclassmateswouldturntohimwhenevertheyhadproblemsinlearning.

Debbiewasalwaysmorethanwillingtohelpthem.Naturallyhiskindnessandwarmheartwonhimagroupof

goodfriendsandDebbie'sclassmatesgotusedtothewayhisfacelookedaswell.

OnHalloween,Debbie'sschoolheldvarietiesoffestivalactivities,everyclassroomdecoratedwith

flowersandtoys.Allclassmatesweredressingup.DebbiejoinedinitandworeaGhostFacemaskand

costume.Theyallhadfunpretendingtobetheirfavoritecharacters.Unrecognized,hewaswalkingthroughthe

doortohisclassroomwhenheoverheardhisclassmateJacktellinghisroommates:"Ihaveneverseenanuglier

facethanDebbie,s.^^Onhearingthis,Debbiefeltsadanddisappointed,leavingsecretly.Summerhappenedto

standbehindDebbieandmeettheincident,butitwastoolatetostopit.AsDebbie'sbestfriendatschool,

SummerthoughtDebbiewasaniceboyanddeservedtobetreatedkindly.

Afterasecondthought,SummerwenttoJack'sroom.

JackdecidedtosaysorrytoDebbie.

Onepossibleversion:

Afterasecondthought,SummerwenttoJack'sroom.SummerangrilysaidtoJackthathisbehaviorwas

toorudeandcausedseriousharmtoDebbie.JacksaidDebbie'sfacewasreallyuglyandhedidn'tlie.Summer

said"AlthoughDebbielookeddifferentfromus,hewasaveryexcellentboy.Inaddition,hewasnotonlyvery

goodatthesciencesubject,butalsoeagertohelpeveryonesolveproblems.Weshouldnotjudgepeopleby

theirappearance.Afterhearingsummer'swords,Jackrealizedthathisbehaviorwaswrong.

JackdecidedtosaysorrytoDebbie.JackcametoDebbieandsincerelyapologizedtoDebbieforhis

wrongbehavior.DebbieacceptedJack'sapology.Atthattime,otherstudentsintheclassalsocame.They

expressedtheirwillingnesstobegoodfriendswithDebbieandhopedthatDebbiewouldagreetotheirrequest.

Debbienoddedhappily.Finally,everyonelaughedhappily.

【分析】本文以人物為線索展開，主要講述了一個先天患有面部畸形的男孩子在校園內(nèi)發(fā)生的故事。

在剛進(jìn)入校園時，Debbie因為面部問題沒有人愿意和他做朋友，除了一個叫Summer的女孩子。因為

Debbie擅長科學(xué)科目且樂于幫助同學(xué)解決問題，漸漸地，Debbie融入了班級大家庭。但萬圣節(jié)前夕夜晚

發(fā)生了一件不愉快的事情，經(jīng)過此事之后，Debbie與同學(xué)們真正地成為了好朋友。

【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：

①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“經(jīng)過再三考慮，Summei?去了Jack的房間?！笨芍谝欢蚊枋鯯ummer為了

好朋友Debbie去跟Jack理論，指出Jack行為的不當(dāng)之處并讓Jack向Debbie道歉。

②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“Jack決定向Debbie道歉?！笨芍?，第二段描述Jack為自己的錯誤行為向Debbie

道歉并祈求他的原諒。最后，經(jīng)過此次事情，同學(xué)們都成長了許多，成為了真正地好朋友。

2.續(xù)寫線索：反駁——爭論——醒悟——道歉——原諒——和好

3.詞匯激活：

行為類

①撒謊：tellalie/lie/makeupastory

②與...不同：bedifferentfrom/differfrom

③解決：solve/resolve/dealwith/settle

情緒類

①真誠地：sincerely/ingoodfaith

②開心地：happily/delightedly

【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1].JacksaidDebbie'sfacewasreallyuglyandhedidn'tlie.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語

從句）

[高分句型2].AlthoughDebbielookeddifferentfromus,hewasaveryexcellentboy.（使用了although弓I

導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句）

模擬演練

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

OneparticularlycoldSaturdayinJanuary,Iwassupposedtotakeourdogoutforawalk,butitwassocold

thatIdidn'twanttogooutside.Instead,Ijustopenedthedoorandletthedogoutbyhimself.Ikeptaneyeon

himtomakesurehewouldcomebackinside.

However,anotherneighborhooddogquicklyranpastourhouse,andourdogspedaftertocatchhim.I

hurriedlywenttograbmycoatsoIcouldfollowmydog,andthenIrushedoutside.Unfortunately,Iwas

alreadytoolate,andmydogwasnowhereinsight.Iwalkedafewblocks,butIwasunabletofindhim.

Depressed,Ireturnedhome.Mymotherwasstandingatthedoorwaiting,andsheaskedmewhathad

happened.CCIknowIwassupposedtowalkourdog,"Iadmitted,"'butIthoughthewouldbeabletogooutside

andcomebackbyhimself.Nowhe'sgoneandIcan'tfindhimanywhere.^^

Mymotherwasveryangrywithme;shesaidIshouldhavebeenmoreresponsible.Shedecidedtohelpby

makingsomesigns.Thesignsread,“Lost:Abigblackdog.Pleasecallusrightaway“andsheprintedour

phonenumberonthebottom.tuOkay,Darrell,9,shesaid,asshehandedoverthosesigns,"nowgoposttheseon

allthestreetposts.”

MysisterandIgrabbedthesignsandwepostedthemalongourstreetaswellasalongthesurrounding

streets.Thewholetime,Iwasincrediblysadandworriedaboutourdog.AllIcouldthinkaboutwashowcoldit

wasandhowcoldourdogmustbe.Mysisterwantedtogohome,soItoldherTdwalkherhome,butthenkeep

lookingforthedogmyself.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右：

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Itookmysisterhomeandcontinuedmysearchalone.

WhenIreturned,mymotherwaswaitingforme,smilingbroadly.

Onepossibleversion:

Itookmysisterhomeandcontinuedmysearchalone.Carryingthesignsmadebymymother,Ikept

postingthem.Inthemeantime,whenevertherewerepeoplepassingby,Iwouldaskiftheyhad