ReadingUnit7ThenaturalworldSimonisreadinganarticleaboutthethreemainecosystemsonearth.Hereisthearticle.Beforereading,thinkaboutthequestionsbelow.1Whatkindsofthingsdoyouthinkareinanecosystem?Inanecosystem,thereareplants,animals,microorganisms（微生物）,soil,water,andair.（答案不唯一）2Whatdoyouknowaboutoceans,wetlands/'wetl?ndz/andforests?OceanscoveralargepartoftheEarth.Therearemanykindsoffishandotherseacreatures.Wetlandsareareaswithwaterandthey’rehometomanybirdsandotheranimals.Forestshavealotoftrees,wildanimals,anddifferentplants.Theyareimportantfortheairwebreatheandforwildlifehabitats.（答案不唯一）Thebigthree:oceans,wetlandsandforestsAnecosystemincludes/?n'klu?dz/allthelivingandnon-living/n?n'l?v??/thingsinanarea.Ecosystemscanbeofdifferentsizes,fromsmallponds/p?ndz/tolargegrasslands.長難句分析：這是一個主系表結構的句子。主語是Ecosystems，謂語是canbe，ofdifferentsizes是表語，fromsmallpondstolargegrasslands是一個補充說明成分。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Eachecosystemhasaroletoplayandhelpskeepthebalancebetweenallitsmembersandthegreaterenvironment.Theoceanisaverylargeecosystemonearth.Itcoversaround/?'ra?nd/71%oftheearth‘ssurfaceandproducesabout70%oftheearth’soxygen.=playarole,“發(fā)揮作用”~~~~~~~~~~keepthebalancebetween...and...保持……和……之間的平衡~~~~~~~~~~~~~Itholds/h??ldz/plentyofsaltwater,andthewaterrisestothesky,fallsontothelandsandthenreturns/r?'t??nz/totheocean.Thisgoesonandon,sotheoceanisjustlikethe“heart”oftheearth.長難句分析：這是一個并列句。第一個分句是“Itholdsplentyofsaltwater”，通過連詞“and”連接后面的句子。在第二個分句中，包含三個并列謂語動詞“rises”，“falls”和“returns”。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~“持續(xù)不斷”~~~~~~~~~TIPSimilescreatesimilaritybetweentwodifferentthingsbyusingwordssuchaslikeandasandhelpthereaderbetterunderstandthecontent.Wetlandsonlycoverabout6%oftheearth‘slandarea.Buttheyarehometoabout40%oftheworld’splantsandanimals.Plantsinwetlandshelpgetrid/r?d/ofpollutionandmakethewaterclean.Wetlandscanalsohelpprevent

/pr?'vent/

floods.Duringheavyrains,wetlandsstore/st??(r)/waterlikegiantsponges

/'sp?nd??z/.Theyact/?kt/

likethe“kidneys/'k?dniz/”oftheearth.~~~~~~~~~~~~makesb./sth.+adj.“使某人/物……”Forestsmakeupnearlyathirdoftheearth‘slandarea.Plantstheretakeincarbondioxide/kɑ?b?nda?'?ksa?d/fromtheairandproduceoxygen.Theyalsotrap/tr?p/pollutionintheirleavesandhelpcleantheair.Therefore/'ee?f??(r)/,peopleoftencallforeststhe“l(fā)ungs/l??z/“oftheearth.Eachoftheseecosystemssupportsmillionsofplantsandanimals.Theykeeptheplanethealthyandmakeourworldabetterplace.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~makesb./sth.+n.“使/讓某人/某物成為……”思考：Besidestheoceans,wetlandsandforests,whatotherecosystemsdoyouknow?Ialsoknowthegrasslandecosystem,thedesertecosystem,theriverecosystem,thelakeecosystem,theurban（城市的）ecosystemandagricultural（農業(yè)的）ecosystem.（答案不唯一）從教材語篇挖中考設問[新考法行文方式]

Howdoestheauthorshowtheimportanceofoceans,wetlandsandforests?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bypresentingdataandfunctions.D.Bytellinghistoricalfacts.CALookatthepictureandchoosethecorrectdescriptionsforeachecosystem.Writethecorrectlettersintheboxes.aCover71%oftheearth‘ssurfacebCovernearlyathirdoftheearth’slandareacHelpcleanthewaterdHelpmaketheaircleaneHelppreventfloodsfProduceabout70%oftheearth‘soxygengThe“heart”oftheearthhThe”lungs“oftheearthiThe“kidneys”oftheearthb,d,ha,f,gc,e,iBReadthearticleagain.Choosethecorrectanswerstothequestions.1Whatisanecosystemmadeupof?aOceans,wetlandsandforests.bPlantsandanimals.cLivingandnon-livingthings.c2Whyistheoceanthelargestecosystemofthethree?aItholdsplentyoftheearth’swater.bItmakesupabout71%oftheearth‘ssurface.cItishometomanykindsofplantsandanimals.3Whatdowetlandsdoduringfloods?aTheymakethewaterclean. bTheyholdwater.cTheygetridofwater.bb4“Theyalsotrappollutionintheirleavesandhelpcleantheair.”Whichwordcanweusetoreplacetheword”trap“?akeep bdrive cproduce5Wherecanwereadthiskindofarticle?aInanewspaper. bInatravelblog.cInageographymagazine.ac從教材習題B中學中考解題策略關鍵詞定位法關鍵詞定位法是指通過識別和理解題目中的關鍵信息（即關鍵詞），然后在文章或段落中迅速找到這些關鍵詞，從而定位到與題目相關的內容，進而找到答案的方法。如第1小題，我們可以通過題干中的“anecosystem”，定位到文章的第一段，然后快速找到關鍵信息“l(fā)ivingandnon-livingthings”，即可選出答案c。CSimonislisteningtoapodcastabouttheoceanecosystem.Completethescriptbelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.ThebiggestecosystemHellolisteners!WelcometoSciencewithDoctorTed.TodayI‘Iltalktoyouaboutthebiggestecosystemonourplanet.balancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstoreroletalktosb.aboutsth.向某人談論某事~~~~~~~~~~~Doyouknowwhatitis?Yes,it’stheocean.Itcoversthelargestareaoftheearth’s(1)__________andholds97%oftheearth‘swater.It(2)__________manyanimalsandplants.Doyouknowthatsomeoftheplantsintheoceanproduce(3)__________fortheanimalslivingthere?What’smore,theoceancan(4)__________25%-30%ofcarbondioxideand(5)__________heat.balancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstorerolesurfaceishometooxygentakeinstoreItplaysanimportant(6)__________inslowingdownclimatechange.Sadly/'s?dli/,we‘refacingaseriousproblemwithoceanpollution.Therearemillionsoftons/t?nz/ofplasticintheoceanandit’sverydifficultto(7)__________it.It‘stimeforustotakeactionandprotecttheocean.balancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstorerole“減速”~~~~~~~=alotof/lotsof大量的~~~~~~~rolegetridofIfwedon’t,theplasticwillharm/hɑ?m/the(8)__________oftheoceanecosystem.balancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstorerole長難句分析：這是一個復合句。主句主語是theplastic，謂語是willharm，賓語是thebalance，oftheoceanecosystem是介詞短語作后置定語；從句是由If引導的條件狀語從句。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~balanceDThinkaboutthequestionsbelow.Shareyouranswerswithyourclassmates.1Whyarethethreeecosystemsimportantfortheearth?Becauseeachecosystemhasaroletoplayandhelpskeepthebalancebetweenallitsmembersandthegreaterenvironment.（答案不唯一）2Whataresomeofthenon-livingthingsinanecosystem?Aretheyimportant?Givereasons.Somenon-livingthingsinanecosystemincludewater,air,soil,andsunlight.Theyareextremelyimportant.Forexample,sunlightistheprimarysourceofenergyformostecosystems.（答案不唯一）3Howdohumanactivitiesaffecttheecosystems?Giveanexample.Humanactivitiescanhavebothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonecosystems.Hereisanexampleofthenegativeimpact:Humanscutdownlargeareasofforestsforvariousreasonssuchasbuildinghousesandmakingfurniture.Thisdestroysthehabitatsofmanywildanimalsandplants.（答案不唯一）1include/?n'klu?d/vt.包括(教材P94)(觀察)·Theschoolincludes30teachersand500students.這所學校包括30名老師和500名學生?！erhobbiesincludemusicandpainting.她的愛好包括音樂和繪畫。探究一核心單詞·Thereareallkindsofanimalsinthezoo,includingbears,lionsandsoon.動物園里有許多種動物，包括熊、獅子等。·AvisittoBeijingmustbeincludedinourplan.參觀北京必須列入我們的計劃。歸納拓展include作動詞，意為“包括；包含”，強調一個整體包含著若干個獨立部分，或者一個東西包含著另一個東西的一部分。including是include的動名詞形式，但通常獨立用作介詞，意為“包括……在內”，常和前面的內容用逗號隔開。include...in是一個動詞短語，意為“把……包括在內”。學會運用1:Ourgroup_______TomandTim.Therearealtogether8students.A.includedB.includesC.includingD.include學會運用2:Tenfriendswenttoherbirthdayparty,____________(include)me.學會表達3:報告應當把AI學習列入我們的計劃。Thereportshould____________theAIstudying___________ourplan.Bincludingincludein2around/?'ra?nd/adv.大約(教材P94)(觀察)·Ittookmearoundanhourtofinishmyhomework.我花了大約一個小時完成作業(yè)?！bigtreemightmakearound100kgofO2everyyear.一棵大樹一年能夠產生大約100公斤氧氣。·Thechildrenareplayingaroundthegarden.孩子們在花園周圍玩耍。·Helookedaroundbutsawnothing.他環(huán)顧四周可是什么也沒有看見。歸納拓展around作副詞，意為“大約”，用于表示數量、時間、年齡等的不確切或近似數。around還可以作介詞，意為“在……周圍”。lookaround意為“環(huán)視；向四周看”。學會運用4:Tenyearslater,____________(大約)4,700species(物種)unknownbeforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.學會表達5:[河北改編]Now,therearemorethan20kindsofbirdslivingaroundtheriver.（翻譯）_________________________________________around/about現在有超過20種鳥生活在這條河流的周圍。3hold/h??ld/vt.容納；拿著；舉行(教材P94)(觀察)·Theroomcanhold200people.這個房間可以容納200人?！eheldapeninonehandandarulerintheother.他一只手拿著鋼筆另一只手拿著尺子?！e’llholdasportsmeetingnextweek.下周我們要舉行運動會?！heroofcouldn’tholdtheweightofsnow.屋頂承載不了雪的重量?！oldon,please.I’llgetmyfriend.請別掛斷，我去叫我的朋友?！heydecidedtoholdoffthemeetinguntilnextSunday.他們決定把會議推遲到下個星期天。歸納拓展hold作動詞，有以下幾種意義：(1)容納：指某個空間的大小能裝下一些人或物；(2)拿著：指用手拿著某些物品；(3)舉行：指舉行會議或活動；(4)承載、支撐：指承載某種物體的重量。holdon別掛斷電話；稍等holdoff=putoff推遲學會運用6:[山西改編]TheCR450cantravelatatopspeedof453kilometersanhouranditcan______(容納)

manypassengers.學會運用7:Heis__________(拿著)

aletterinhishandandwavingtous.學會表達8:由于天氣原因，我們只好把運動會推遲到下周。Wehadto_______________________thesportsmeetingtillnextweekbecauseoftheweather.holdholdingholdoff/putoff4return/r?'t??n/vi.返回，回去，回來(教材P94)(觀察)·Hereturnedtohishometownaftermanyyears.多年以后他返回了家鄉(xiāng)?！oumustreturnthebooktothelibrarybeforeMonday.周一以前你必須把書還給圖書館?！ereturnedtogoodhealthafteralongillness.長時間的疾病后，他恢復了健康?！hatcanIdoinreturnforyourkindness?我怎樣做才能回報你的好意呢？歸納拓展return作動詞，意為“返回”，常用短語：returnto+地點，意為“返回某地”。return還可以表示“歸還”，構成短語：returnsth.tosb.把某物歸還給某人inreturn作為回報學會運用9:[天津]We_________thebookstothelibraryafterwereadthem.A.returned B.pointedC.waved D.caught學會表達10:然后他們返回到他們自己的座位。Thenthey____________________theirownseats.Areturnedto5prevent/pr?'vent/vt.防止，阻止(教材P95)(觀察)·Thegovernmentaretakingactiontopreventpollution.政府正在采取措施防止污染?！etriedtopreventhim,butwefailed.我們試圖阻止他，可是沒有成功?！herainpreventedusfromgoingouttoplay.雨阻止了我們外出玩耍。歸納拓展prevent作動詞，意為“防止，阻止”，后面可以直接加名詞或代詞作賓語。preventsb.fromdoingsth.是其常用短語，意為“阻止某人做某事”。學會運用11:Weshouldtryourbest___________(prevent)homefires.學會表達12:父母總是試圖阻止孩子玩太多游戲。Parentsalwaystryto_________theirchildren__________________gamestoomuch.topreventpreventfromplaying6store/st??(r)/vt.貯存(教材P95)(觀察)·Thepondstoresmuchrainwaterinsummer.這個池塘夏天儲存很多雨水?！helittlesquirrelstoresupfoodinatreeholeinwinter.冬天小松鼠把食物存在一個樹洞里?！oucanseeabookstoreacrossfromthebank.在銀行對面你可以看到一家書店?！wenttothestoretobuysomegroceries.我去商店買了一些雜貨。歸納拓展store作動詞，意為“貯存；存儲”，后面可以直接接名詞作賓語。storeup意為“儲存；積累”。store還可以作名詞，意為“商店；倉庫”。學會運用13:Youshouldsthesefruitsinthefridgetokeepthemfresh.學會表達14:動物們需要為冬天貯存食物。Animalsneed___________________________foodforwinter.toretostoreup7act/?kt/vi.起作用；行動vi.&vt.扮演(教材P95)(觀察)·Themedicineactsmainlyonthecentralnervoussystem.這種藥主要作用于中樞神經系統(tǒng)?！eneedtoactquicklytosolvetheproblem.我們需要立即行動來解決問題?！henewstudentactsverywellinclass.那個新生在班里表現很好。·Thegovernmentmusttakeactiontopreventpollution.政府必須采取措施制止污染。·HeactedthepartofadoctorintheTVplay.在那部電視劇中他扮演了醫(yī)生的角色。·Sheactedastheteamleaderduringthematch.比賽期間她擔任隊長。歸納拓展act可以作不及物動詞，意為“起作用；行動”，也可以作及物動詞，意為“扮演”，主要表示以下意義：(1)起作用：表示某種東西或話語對另一種東西或某人產生影響；(2)行動：表示采取行動來解決問題或實現目標；(3)表現：表示人的行為方式，描述人的舉止或態(tài)度；(4)扮演：表示在戲劇或電影中扮演某個角色。takeaction采取行動 actlike表現得像……actas充當；擔任 actout表演出來學會運用15:Themedicineaquicklyonher,andshefeltbetter.學會運用16:Weshouldtake__________(act)toprotectanimalsindanger.學會表達17:在自然界中，森林扮演了自然衛(wèi)士的角色。Innature,forests____________________thenaturalguardians.ctedactionactas8harm/hɑ?m/vt.&n.傷害，損害(教材P97)(觀察)·Runningtoomuchmayharmyourknees.跑步過多可能傷害你的膝蓋。·Readinginthesundoesharmtoyoureyes.在陽光下讀書對你的眼睛有害。·Smokingharmsourhealth.吸煙有害我們的健康。·Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.吸煙有害我們的健康。歸納拓展harm可以作動詞或名詞，意為“傷害；損害”，其形容詞形式是harmful，意為“有害的”。doharmto意為“對……有害”，此時harm是名詞；beharmfulto意為“對……有害”。兩個短語后面都接名詞或代詞賓格作賓語。學會運用18:Manypeopleworrythattoomuchscreentimewill__________(harm)theirchildren.學會運用19:Fireis__________(harm).Keepyourchildrenawayfromit.學會表達20:喝太多果汁對兒童的牙齒有害。Drinkingtoomuchjuicecan_____________________________________children’steeth.harmharmfuldoharmto/beharmfulto1getridof清除；擺脫(教材P95)(觀察)·Youmustgetridofyourbadhabitofgettinguplate.你必須改掉晚起的壞習慣?！hecleanersaregettingridofthesnowontheroad.清潔工正在清除路上的積雪?！hehunterwantedtogetridofthewolf,buthecouldn’t.獵人想要擺脫那頭狼，但是他不能。探究二核心短語歸納拓展getridof意為“清除；擺脫；丟棄”，表示清除某種不良影響；擺脫某人或某種困境；丟棄不想要的物品等?！ohndecidedtogetridofhisoldbooks.約翰決定清理他的舊書。學會運用1:Hethrewawaytheclothesbecausetheyareold.（選出同義短語）______A.lookedoutof B.tookcareC.gotridof D.keptaway學會表達2:我們必須要清除這個地區(qū)的污染。Wemust___________________________thepollutioninthisarea.Cgetridof2makeup占據(某種比例)(教材P95)(觀察)·Womenteachersmakeupahalfoftheteachersinthisschool.女教師占據了本校教師的一半?！heteachermadeupafunnystoryforhisnewlesson.老師為他的新課編了一個有趣的故事。·Weneedtwomoreplayerstomakeupasoccerteam.我們還需要兩名隊員來組成足球隊。歸納拓展makeup的意思主要有：(1)占據總量中的一定分量；(2)編造故事或借口；(3)組成(一個集體或團隊)；(4)化妝；打扮?！hespendstoomuchtimemakingupinthemorning.早上她花太多時間來化妝。學會運用3:Thebigbed________almosthalfofherbedroom.A.cutsup B.putsupC.turnsup D.makesup學會表達4:盡管你遲到了，可是你不應當編造借口。Althoughyouwerelate,youshouldn’t________________excuses.Dmakeup3millionsof數以百萬計的(教材P97)(觀察)·Youcanseemillionsofstarsintheskyatnight.晚上在天空中你會看到數以百萬計的星星。·Thereareabouttwomillionpeopleinthiscity.這座城市大約有200萬人。·ThousandsoftouristscometoBeijingeveryyear.每年成千上萬的游客來北京。歸納拓展hundred(百)、thousand(千)、million(百萬)都是表示數量的詞，它們的用法是：表示具體數量時不使用復數，表示籠統(tǒng)數量時要使用復數，且后面要加介詞of?！nsummer,youcanseehundredsofducksontheriver.夏天，在河面上你會看到成百上千的鴨子。學會運用5:Peopleplant______treesonTreePlantingDayeveryyear.A.hundred B.hundredsofC.hundreds D.hundredof學會表達6:冬天，數以百萬計的鳥兒飛向南方。Inwinter,________________birdsflytothesouth.Bmillionsof1Doyouknowwhatitis?你知道它是什么嗎？(教材P97)(分析結構)這是一個含有賓語從句的句子，主句是Doyouknow，從句是whatitis,時態(tài)是一般現在時。what引導的賓語從句作動詞know的賓語，從句中it是主語，is是系動詞。itis是陳述語序