Book1Unit4NaturalDisasters單元提升測(cè)試(原卷版)【大單元教學(xué)】2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)同步備課系列（人教版2019必修第一冊(cè)）一、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThemostimportantlessonIlearnedinhighschoolhadnothingtodowithmathsorAmericanhistory.Itcameatgraduation，severalminutesbeforeIleftMiramonteHighSchool.Iwasrathershybackthen，contentto1aroundwithmyfewfriendsandtoconcentrateonmy2.IwasdoingsowellthatbytheendofsenioryearIhadperfectscoresandenough3togotocollege.Butmygoodrecordsoonbecamea4tomywell-being.InearlyJuneofsenioryear，theheadmastercalledmeintohisoffice.Heaskedmetogivealeave-takingspeechatgraduation.Ilookedathim，myheart5fast.Thiswasthe6formyhardwork？Isaidsomething，butnotveryclearly，andhurriedawayfromtheoffice.Iwas7aboutthedecision，finallyagreeingtocompromise.Iwasn’ttheonlyspeaker—Iwould8thehonorwithfiveotherstudents.Still，itwasdoubtfulwhetherthetaskwas9me.HowintheworldwouldIgiveaspeechtohundredsofpeople?Graduationdaysoonarrivedand，as10，Iwasnervous.I’dbeenpracticingmyspeechfordays，andIhadit11.ButIhadneverbeenso12inmylife.Thefirsthalfhouroftheceremonypassed，andthenmy13came.Mynamewasannounced.Imanagedtoreachtheplatformwithoutfallingdown.Butwithinminutes，Ifinishedmyspeech，14backtomyseatandfeelingunsatisfiedwithmyperformance.NowIstillhavethe15ofthatspeech.Myvoicetrembledalittle，but16itwasclearandstrong.I’mproudofthattape.IachievedsomethingI’dnever17—Ispokeinfrontofhundredsofpeople.18Ididn’trealizeitatthetime，thesuccessfulcompletionofthatspeechgavemethe19toparticipateinclassatcollege，togiveoralreports，andtoeventuallybreakfreeofmy20.Ineverwouldhavechosentogiveaspeechatgraduation.ButIamgladIdid.Iknowitmaywellturnouttobeoneofmyshiningmoments.1．A．hang B．look C．turn D．run2．A．characters B．interests C．games D．subjects3．A．money B．credits C．effort D．standards4．A．luck B．benefit C．fear D．solution5．A．burning B．breaking C．a(chǎn)ching D．beating6．A．punishment B．reward C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．sympathy7．A．doubtful B．optimistic C．generous D．hesitant8．A．share B．bring C．spare D．supply9．A．a(chǎn)bout B．for C．upon D．beyond10．A．known B．hoped C．expected D．planned11．A．thrown B．printed C．memorized D．completed12．A．interested B．terrified C．excited D．disappointed13．A．moment B．clay C．chance D．decision14．A．passing B．handing C．heading D．returning15．A．picture B．tape C．paper D．word16．A．partially B．immediately C．frankly D．mostly17．A．dreamedof B．suffered C．decided D．requested18．A．Because B．When C．Although D．Unless19．A．respect B．confidence C．freedom D．excuse20．A．shyness B．pride C．stupidity D．courage二、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。PassageAThegovernment'stopGreatBarrierReefscientistsaysathirdmasscoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)eventinfiveyearsisaclearsignalthatthemarinewonderis“callingforurgenthelponclimatechange.Coralscanrecoverfrommildbleaching,butseverebleachingcankillcorals.ProfTerryHughes,directoroftheCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversity,surveyed1,036reefsfromaplaneoverninedaysinlateMarch.Themarineparkauthorityalsohadanobserverontheflights.Thesurveyhasreleased

mapsshowingthatseriouslevelsofbleachingoccurredin2020inallthreesectionsofthe

reefnorthern,centralandsouthern.Some25%ofthereefswereseriouslybleached-meaningthatmorethan60%ofthecoralsoneachreefhadbleached.TheGreatBarrierReelhasexperiencedfivemassbleachingevents-1998.2002,2016,2017and2020-allcausedbyrisingoceantemperaturesdrivenbyglobalheating.Hughessaidthereprobablywouldnotbethesamelevelofcoraldeathinthenorthandcentralregionsin2020asinpreviousyears,butthiswaspartlybecausepreviousbleachingoutbreakshadkilloffthelessheat-tolerantspeciesThe2020bleachingwassecondonlyto2016forseverity(嚴(yán)重性),Hughessaid.Dr.DavidWachenfeld，chiefscientistattheGreatBarrierReefMarineParkAuthority,toldGuardianAustralia"Mygreatestfearisthatpeoplewilllosehopeforthereef.Withouthopethere'snoaction.Peopleneedtoseethesebleachingevents,TheyareclearsignalsthattheGreatBarrierReefiscallingforurgenthelpandforustodoeverythingwecan”.Measurestoimprovetheabilityofrecoveryofthereefincludeimprovingwaterquality,controllingoutbreaksofcoral-eatingstarfish,andresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovetheheattoleranceofcorals."However,climatechangebringsanewscaleofimpactunlikeanythingwehaveseenbefore.Thus,dealingwiththeclimateproblemisthebasisforeverythingelsetowork,”Wachenfeldsaid.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mild”inParagraph1probablymean?A．SeriousB．Strong.C．Steady.D．Slight.22．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs2&3?A．Themajorityofthecoralsoneachreefwerebleached.B．ThesurveywascarriedoutonaplanebyHughesalone.C．The2020bleachingkilledoffthelessheattolerantspecies.D．The2020bleachingwasworsethanthoseofallthepreviousyears.23．WecaninferfromWachenfeld’swordsthatpeopleseeingthebleachingevents.A．havedoneeverythingtheycanforthereefB．a(chǎn)resuretolosehopeforthereefC．willcaremoreaboutthereefD．willhavenoactionatall24．Whichistheessentialmeasuretoimprovetheabilityofrecoveryofthereef?A．Improvingwaterquality.B．Makingeffortstopreventglobalwarming.C．controllingoutbreaksofcoral-eatingstarfish.,D．Doingresearchontheheattoleranceofcorals.PassageBDuetoclimatechangeandchangesinlanduse,wildfiresarepredictedtorisebyupto14percentby2030,30percentby2050and50percentbytheendofthiscentury,andevenareasonceconsideredsafefrommajorfiressuchastheArctic,will“verylikely”experienceamajorincreaseinburning,accordingtoanewreportbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP).Thereport,SpreadinglikeWildfire:TheRisingThreatofExtraordinaryLandscapeFires,saysthatwildfiresandclimatechangeare“mutuallyexacerbating”.Wildfiresaremademoreseriousbyclimatechangethroughincreaseddrought,highairtemperatures,lowhumidity,lightning,andstrongwinds.Meanwhile,climatechangeismadeworsebywildfires,mostlybydamagingsensitiveandcarbon-richecosystemslikerainforest.Wildfirescanthreatenpeople’shealthandlives,pollutewater,destroycropsandreducelandavailabletogrowfood.Costsofrebuildingafterareasarestruckbywildfirescanbebeyondthemeansoflow-incomecountries.Wildlife,aswellasnaturalhabitats,isalsorarelyspared.AlltheseslowprogresstowardstheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Whilethesituation“iscertainlyextreme,itnotyethopeless”.Thepublicationcallsongovernmentstoadoptanew“FireReadyFormula,”withtwo-thirdsofspendingdevotedtoplanning,prevention,preparedness,andrecovery,withone-thirdleftforresponse.Currently,directresponsestowildfirestypicallyreceiveoverhalfofrelatedexpenditures(開(kāi)支),whileplanningandpreventionreceivelessthanonepercent.“Wehavetominimizetheriskofextremewildfiresbybeingbetterprepared:investmoreinfireriskreductionandchangefrompassiveresponsetopreventionandpreparedness,”saidIngerAndersen,UNEPExecutiveDirector.Settingupdataandscience-basedmonitoringsystems,strengtheningregionalandinternationalcooperation,restoringecosystemsandthinningforestsaroundareaswherenatureandhumanlivingspacesmeetarejustafewsuggestedexamplesofinvestmentsintoprevention,preparednessandrecovery.25．WhydoestheauthorspeakoftheArctic?A．Tointroducetheclimatechangeofit.B．Tostresstheimportanceofprotectingit.C．Towarnpeopleofthewildfiredamage.D．Toshowtherisingtendencyofwildfires.26．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Wildfirecontrol. B．Rebuildingcosts.C．Thepossibledamage. D．Theslowingprogress.27．Whichmightbeanexampleofinvestments(投資)intopreventionandpreparedness?A．Surroundingbusytownswiththickforests.B．Restoringwetlandsaswellaswildlifespecies.C．Investingmoremoneyinputtingoutwildfires.D．Fittingcamerastostrengthenregionalcooperation.28．Whatcanwelearnfromthereport?A．Wildfiresandclimatechangeworseneachother.B．Theresearchersarepessimisticaboutwildfirecontrol.C．Preventionreceiveshalfofrelatedspendingcurrently.D．Manygovernmentshaveadopted“FireReadyFormula”.PassageCAsweknow,earthquakescanbringpeoplemuchfear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly.Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquitemountainous.ThemosttalkedaboutearthquakeintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Over700peoplediedinit.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakeseverrecordedwasfeltinPortugal.Around2,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,YokohamaareaofJapan.Ahundredandfortythousandpeopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain2008.Itkilledalargenumberofpeople.TheworstearthquakeeverreportedwasalsoinChina,inwhich400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Thisearthquakehappenedin1556.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecannotprepareforearthquakes.29．Earthquakeshappen__________.A．inalltheplacesintheworldB．onlyinafewplacesalongthecoastC．regularlyinmostplacesintheworldD．onlyinthecountriesthathavealotofmountains30．Whenandwherewastheworstearthquakeeverreported?A．In1964inAlaska. B．In1556inChina.C．In1923inJapan. D．In2008inChina.31．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Earthquakescancausefires.B．Earthquakesoftencomeunexpectedly.C．Thestrongertheearthquakeis,themorepeoplearekilled.D．Peoplestilldon'tknowhowtotellwhenanearthquakewillcome.32．Whatmaybetalkedaboutintheseventhparagraph?A．Howdoearthquakeshappen?B．Howdoearthquakesworrypeople?C．Whatwillpeopledotoprepareforearthquakes?D．Howcanwesavepeoplewhenearthquakeshappen?PassageDOnAugust27,1883,justafter10a.

m.,theeruptionoftheKrakatoavolcanoinIndonesiamadetheloudestsoundknowntohistory.Itsentsoundwavesaroundtheworldfourtimesandcouldbeheard3,000milesawayontheislandofRodriguesintheIndianOcean.That,forthepurposeofcomparison,isthesameasCalifornianshearinganoisemadeinNewYork.InRodrigues,asinotherfarawayplaces,thenoisewastakentobecannon(大炮)fire.InWesternAustralia,2,000milesaway,peoplethoughtwarhaderupted.Thesoundwassopowerfulthatitruptured(使破裂)theeardrums(鼓膜)ofpeopleworkingonaBritishship40milesfromtheeruption.

“Thisissosurprisinglyloud,”

writerAatishBhatianotedinDiscovermagazinepost.TheKrakatoaeruptionwasoneofhistory’sdeadliestnaturaldisasters.Morethan36,400peopledied,fromlavaflows(熔巖流)thatracedat60milesperhourandtsunamisthatreachedaheightof120feetanddestroyedsome165coastalvillages.VolcanicmatterthrownintotheaircausedsunsetssostrangethatpeopleinNewYork,Connecticutandotherplacescalledthefiredepartment,fearingfireshadbrokenout.Intheyearfollowingtheeruption,theaverage(平均的)temperaturearoundtheworldfellby1.2degreesCelsius(℃),andtheearthremainedunusuallycoolforaboutfivemoreyears.LittlewasleftofKrakatoaaftertheeruption.In1927,avolcanicislandknownasAnakKrakatoawasformedatthesiteofthebigeruption.Itisanactivevolcano.AneruptioninDecember2018causedatsunamithatkilledmorethan400people.33.Whatdoweknowaboutthepeopleontheshipneartheeruption?

A.Theyweretroubledbycannonfire.B.Theysufferedrupturedeardrums.

C.Theythoughtwarhadbrokenout.

D.Theywerekilledbyvolcanicmatter.34.WhathappenedaftertheKrakatoaeruption?

A.Firesbrokeoutinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.

B.Biggereruptionscameinthefollowingyears.

C.Theaverageglobaltemperaturedropped.

D.Anewvolcanicislandappearedsoon.

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thenoisiestvolcaniceruptioninhistory.

B.Thedeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld.C.ThestrangebirthofanislandinIndonesia.D.ThemostterribletsunamiinKrakatoa.閱讀理解七選五PassageE根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhattoDoDuringaFloodWarning?Floodsareamongthemostfrequentandcostlynaturaldisastersintermsofhumanhardshipandeconomicloss.Herearesometipstokeepyoustaysafeduringafloodwarning:36Awarningmeansafloodiscomingorishappeninginthearea.Followtheinstructionsandadviceoflocalauthorities.37Ifyouliveinaflood-proneareaorthinkyouareatrisk,evacuateimmediately.Movetoasafeareaearlybeforeaccessiscutoffbyfloodwater.Saveyourself,notyourvaluablethings.38Andevacuationismuchsimplerwithoutcarryingtoomanybelongings.Ifoutdoors,climbtohighgroundandstaythere.Moveawayfromdangerousfloodwater.Ifyoucomeuponaflowingstream,stop,turnaroundandgoanotherway.Nevertrytowalkorswimthroughsuchswiftwater.Mostflooddeathsarecausedbypeopleattemptingtopassthroughwater.39Whendriving,ifyourvehiclebecomessurroundedbywaterortheenginestalls,donotattempttocrossflowingstreams.40Manydeathshaveresultedfromattemptstomovestalled(熄火的)vehicles.A．Warnresidentsagainstflooding.B．Lookoutforthealarmsofflooding.C．Theyarethemostinformedaboutaffectedareas.D．Evacuationismuchsaferbeforefloodwaterbecomesdeeper.E．Abandonyourvehicleimmediatelyandclimbtohigherground.F．Whenmoving,yoursafetyismoreimportantthananyotherthing.G．Ifitismovingswiftly,evenwatersixinchesdeepcansweepyouoffyourfeet.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnunderwatervolcanoforcefullyeruptednearthePacificislandnationofTongaonSaturdaywithapowerfulblast(爆炸)that41(hear)thousandsofmilesawayinAlaska.Scientistssaidthatitwaslikelyoneofthe42(loud)eventsontheplanetinthepast100years.

Theeruptionwas43powerfulthatitdestroyedanislandandsetoffatsunami.44(measure)itsforce,scientistsusedascalealsousedtoassesstheblastyieldofnuclearweapons.Itwasestimatedthatthe45(shock)volcanoblastwasthesameastheforceofroughly667“LittleBoy”atomicbombs.

TheblasthasgotTongas170islands46(cover)inash,includingtheairportatthecapitalcity,Nukualofa,47ispreventingreliefflightsfromlanding.Communicationwiththeislandsreportedlyremaincutoffduetounderwatercabledamage.

TheTongangovernmenthasconfirmedthatalongwithmany48(injury),atleastthreepeoplewerekilledinthisdisaster,49(specific)aBritishnational,a65=--yearoldwomanfromMangoisland,anda49?year?oldmanfromNomukaisland.Tsunamiwavesupto15metersdestroyedTogatapu,thenation’smainisland,aswell50theEuaandHaapaiislands.AllhomesweredestroyedonMangoisland.

四、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Ialwayspridedmyselfonbeingawiseshopperandhavingagoodnoseforbargains.SowhenIcameacrossasportinggoodsstorewithasign“GoingOutofBusinessSale”,Imarchedintothecrowdedstore.Upanddowntheaisles(通道),Iwandered,hummingtomyselfandenjoyingtheenergyandexcitementofasale.Allofasudden,there,atthebackofthestoresatacanoe(輕舟)exactlylikemyhusband’sdreamSupremoNumero-Uno,whosepicturehadbeenstuckonthe

bathroommirrorforyears.Myheartbeatwildly.Ipushedmywaythroughthecrowds,andnearlyfellintothecanoelookingforthepricetag.Thereitwas,withthemanufacturer’ssuggestedpriceat$6,750plustaxcrossedoutandahandwrittenTOCLEAR$750ASIS.Mustbeamistake.$6000off?Salesman.Ihadtotalktoasalesman.Ispottedayoungfellowwitha“Hi.I’mMathew”.“Mathew.TellmeaboutthisElSupremocanoe.What’swrongwithit?Whyisitonly$750?”“Oh.There’snothingwrongwithit.It’sbrandnew.We’reclosingthestore.It’sonclearancelikeeverythingelse.I’llgocheck.”Afewminuteslaterhecamebackandsaid,“I’msorryma’am.Someonemadeamistakeonthesaletag.Itshouldbe$4,750forthewholepackage.”Ifelttearswellupinmyeyes.“Ohwell”,Isaidsadly.“Ofcourse,itwastoogoodtobetrue.Thisisexactlylikemyhusband’sdreamboat.IguessIstartedtodreammyselfwhenIsawthatpricetag.He’sgoingtobe62yearsoldFriday.Hadtoretireearlyforhishealth.It’sbeenhardonjustthepensionbutthestubbornoldfoolhasbeensaving$10everyweekforyearstobuyonejustlikethis.IpromiseIwon’tbuyanything,butit’sjustanoldman’ssillydream,youknow.Alwayssaidhewantedtofishinacanoeafterheretired,”myvoiceloweredandIturnedandwalkedaway.Paragraph1:IwasalreadyatthemalldoorwhenMathewcaughtupwithme.“Doyouhave$750plus$25fordelivery,ma’am?”_________________________________________