綜合模擬檢測卷(七)(滿分：120分時間：100分鐘)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAhugenumberofexchangeprogramsandsummerschoolprogramsareofferedtointernationalstudentsaroundforeignuniversitiesworldwide.Todayweexplainthetopstudentexchangeprogramsandsummerprogramsofferedtoforeignstudents.ViennaSummerSchoolViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternationalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.ThedurationofViennaSummerSchoolisfromSaturday,July1toAugust28,2023.SUSIStudentLeadersProgramBachelor-levelstudentsinPakistanwhoareinterestedinthetopicofpublic,local,stateandfederalpolicymakingareinvitedtostudyintheUSAthroughtheshort-termSUSIstudentprogram2023heldattheUniversityofMassachusetts.ThisisanexchangeprogramforPakistanistudents.AllexpensesandaccommodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgramTheHansenSummerInstituteforLeadershipisnowopenforthesummerexchangeprogram2023.TheHansensummerprogramofferstheopportunitytotheUSAandinternationalstudentstobuildbetterleadershipskillsandaculturalunderstandingenvironmentforthefuture.This3-weeksummerexchangeprogramisopenforundergraduate,graduate,anddoctoralstudentswithanyacademicbackground.IWPSummerExchangeProgramIWPSummerExchangeProgram2023isatwo-weekwritingandcultureexchangeprogramforPakistaniandIndianstudentsinIowaCity,USA.Theapplicantfrom18to22fromthesecountrieswithabackgroundinarthumanitiesiswelcometoapply.Thisprogramwillfocusoncreativityandisfreefortheselectedapplicants.Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.1．Whichprogramsuitsstudentswholikebiology？()A．ViennaSummerSchool.B．SUSIStudentLeadersProgram.C．IWPSummerExchangeProgram.D．HansenLeadershipExchangeProgram.2．WhyshouldstudentsapplyforSUSIStudentLeadersProgramearly？()A．Itisfullyfunded.B．Itisashort-termprogram.C．Itislimitedtopostgraduates.D．Itissupportedbythegovernment.3．WhatwillstudentsinIWPSummerExchangeProgramdo？()A．Offerpolicyadvice.B．Conductresearch.C．Writeacademicpapers.D．Createartworks.BVisionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakforthemselves.Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹頂),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB．V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherandgrandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewandchanged.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,heneverfinished,afactwhichhe'dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamalaParikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhisbelovedwife.DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwiss-FrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.DoshistudiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect'sworkinAhmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse'sapproach，”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily，”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat'showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens...mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.”Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi'sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional”．4．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile”inParagraph1？()A．popular B．modestC．forward-looking D．well-rounded5．WhatdoweknowaboutDoshi'slife？()A．Hehadamiserablechildhood.B．Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.C．Hemadeacontributiontohighereducationinarchitecture.D．HesetuphiscompanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.6．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi'swords？()A．ThepublicsupportforDoshi.B．TheoriginalityofDoshi'sworks.C．Doshi'sopenmindonchanges.D．Doshi'sloveofarchitecturaldesign.7．Whatisthepurposeofthetext？()A．TogiveabriefaccountofDoshi'slife.B．ToencouragepeopletovisitDoshi'sworks.C．TorememberIndia'sgreatarchitectDoshi.D．ToadvertiseDoshi'sarchitecturalphilosophy.CPFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressureinsomecasesover22megapascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab:sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarboxylicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.“Whathappenednextwasunexpected，”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.“It'saneatmethod;it'sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried，”saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals，”Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn'tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.8．WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS？()A．They'reeco-friendly.B．They'vebeenwidelyused.C．They'redifficulttooperate.D．They'reregardedasuseless.9．Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment？()A．Theexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B．Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.C．Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals.D．Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.10．Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment？()A．Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.B．Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C．Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D．ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃.11．WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales'words？()A．ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C．Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.D．Moreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it'sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(標準),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD(醫(yī)學(xué)博士),professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代謝率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.“Theenvironmentthatwe'relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicro-organisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we'renotthesame.We'reactuallychangingphysiologically，”Parsonnetsaid.12．WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich'sachievement？()A．Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B．Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C．Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D．Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13．WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam'sstudy？()A．Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B．Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C．Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14．Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature？()A．Theimprovedlivingconditions.B．Thecontactwithothercreatures.C．Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D．Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15．Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext？()A．WhatExactlyisNormalHumanBodyTemperature?B.WhyDoesHumanBodyTemperatureNeedMeasuring?C．HumanBodyTemperatureHasDecreasedoverTheYearsD.HumanBodyTemperatureChangeswithTheEnvironment第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Bornin1961,Snoussi,aFrenchman,firstcametoChinain1983.Atthattime,hewasalawstudentatAix-en-ProvenceUniversityandaccompaniedhisfatheronabusinesstriptoChina.16(____).InMarch2006,SnoussimovedtoNingbotohelphisfatherwhohadsetuphisexportbusiness.Afterlivingthereformorethansevenyears,SnoussirealizedthatwhathemissedmostwasatraditionalFrenchbakery.“17(____),__whichmadeChinese,Korean,orEuropean-stylebread,butwecouldn'tfindthatspecificFrenchtaste.Itwasunlikeourdailybread,becauseinmyhomecountry,breadisabitlikericeinChina，”heexplained.InJune2013,Snoussiopenedanauthentic(正宗的)FrenchbakeryinNingbo.Thoughhehadnobakingexperience,hequicklylearnedtheropesfromaFrenchbaker.18(____).WhatmakesMonEpoqueuniqueisitsauthenticFrenchidentity,whichguaranteesagenuineFrenchtasteeveryday.“WeareoneofthefewFrenchbakeriesinChinathatdirectlyimportsflourfromFrance,producedintheCognacregionfromFrenchwheat.19(____).Thesearethetwomostimportantingredientsinbaking.Thisallowsustoguaranteethesametasteandqualitydayinanddayout.Wepayattentiontothequalityandthetasteofourproductssothatourpatronscanexperiencethesamefeelingeveryday，”hesaid.20(____).In2008,hedonatedover30000yuan($4300)toWenchuaninSichuanProvince.InNingbo,hedonatedT-shirtsforstudentswithdisabilitiesandgavescholarshipstooutstandingstudentsataschool.Forseveralyears,hesponsored(贊助)thePinkRibbonCampaignorganizedbyateamofforeignwomentoraiseawarenessaboutbreastcancer.Healsosponsoredactivitiestoencouragemorepeopletolookafterstraydogs.A．ThisFrenchbakerwasfamousforhisuniquebakeryB．SnoussiiskeenonsocialactivitiesinNingboC．Thebutter-usedisalsoimportedfromFranceD．SnoussienjoyshelpingpeopleinneedE．ThisvisitwasacultureshockforhimF．HenamedhisbrandMonEpoqueG．WehadgoodbakeriesinNingbo第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。DuringmystayattheUniversityofMichigan,oneoftheseniorprofessorsaskedmetojoinaseminaroncultureandemotion.Inageneral__21__ofself-introductions,Iintroducedmyselfina(n)__22__Dutchwayasoneofthosewhoare“interestedincultureandemotion”．Theprofessorsupplemented(補充)myself-introductionto__23__Americanstandards,sayingIwasoneoftheworld'sexpertsonthe__24__．Inresponse,Ilookeddownin__25__，andthoughtthat“expert”wasabigword.WhenIlivedinNorthCarolina,mynewfriendscameoverto__26__．Conversationswerefullofinterestandenergy,andtherewasalotof__27__．Attheendoftheevening,whenmyguestsleft,theythankedmeforthedinner.Myheart__28__，becauseIwasbornandraisedintheNetherlands,where“thankingfordinner”meanstherelationshipis__29__．Emotionsaredifferentenoughtofeeloutof__30__whenyoumovefromoneculturetoanother.TheprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganmeanttomakemefeel__31__，butinsteadmademeuncomfortable.Myfriendsmeanttoshow__32__，buttheymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromme.Wethinkaboutemotionsasfeelingsdeepinsideus,butin__33__，ouremotionshappenininteractionswithothers.Inmyownculture,itwashardtoobservethe__34__emotionsofothersbutIwasabletoseethemwhenImovedtotheUS—adifferent__35__fromwhereIwasraised.21．()A.analysis B．state C．letter D．round22．()A.understated B．interesting C．dramatic D．proud23．()A.set B．fit C．evaluate D．recommend24．()A.approach B．situation C．topic D．course25．()A.curiosity B．pity C．disappointmentD．embarrassment26．()A.play B．dine C．work D．perform27．()A.support B．noise C．fun D．a(chǎn)rguing28．()A.sank B．melted C．raced D．opened29．()A.harmonious B．normal C．strong D．distant30．()A.date B．shape C．place D．sight31．()A.reliable B．good C．serious D．careful32．()A.gratitude B．respect C．a(chǎn)dmiration D．a(chǎn)ffection33．()A.total B．a(chǎn)dvance C．detail D．reality34．()A.unbelievable B．pure C．invisible D．powerful35．()A.level B．culture C．standard D．value第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。3Dbioprintinginsidethehumanbodycouldbepossiblethankstoanewsoftrobot.Thedevicefeatures36____________printingheaddirectlymountedontothetipofasoftroboticarm.Thisprintinghead,37____________consistsofsoftartificialmusclesthatallowittomoveinthreedirections,worksvery38____________(similar)toconventionaldesktop3Dprinters.Thesoftroboticarmcanbendandtwistandcanbemadeatanylength39____________(require)．Theprintingnozzle(噴嘴)canbeprogrammedtoprintpre-determinedshapes,oroperatedmanually.40____________addition，aresearchteamusedamachinelearning-basedcontrollerwhichcanaidtheprintingprocess.Theteam41____________(explain)howthedevicecouldpotentiallybeusedasanall-in-onesurgicaltooltoperformarangeof42____________(function)．Theysaidthiscouldbeespeciallyimportantinsurgery43____________(remove)certaincancers.Theabilitytocarryoutsuchmulti-functionalprocedures44____________(demonstrate)onapig'sintestine(腸)lastmonthandtheresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthedeviceisa45____________(promise)candidateforthefuturedevelopmentofanall-in-oneendoscopicsurgicaltool.Thenextstageofdevelopmentforthesystemisinvivo(活體的)testingonlivinganimalstodemonstrateitspracticaluse.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，你校將在本周六上午邀請著名宇航員MrYang來作一場報告。請根據(jù)下面的要點提示，給喜歡太空探索的留學(xué)生朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加。要點如下：1．寫郵件的目的；2．報告簡介；3．你的期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請按如下格式作答。DearChris，Yours，LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheannualHalloweenarrived,duringwhichkidsdressedintraditionalclotheswenttoneighbors'housestoaskforcandy.Allisonlivedinasmalltown.Thatdayafterdinner,Allisonputonherdressherfatherhadjustboughtforher.Thedresswascheapandsecond-handbecauseherfamilywaspoor.ButAllisonstillthankedherdadandsaid,“Everyonewilllovemydress！”Then,sheleftforneighbors'housestoaskforcandy.Ontheway,shecameacrossAnnaandherfriendsandwantedtojointhem.“No！Lookatyourdress！It'sugly！”Annasaid.Herfriendsalsolaughed.“Lookatourdresses,especiallymine！It'snewandbeautiful，”Annaadded.Herfriendsnodded,andinsomewaytheywereright.Anna'sdresswasshinyandlookedexpensive.Shealwayshadthebestclothesbecauseherparentswererich.Allisonwasshockedandsad.Thekidsnotonlydislikedherdressbutmadefunofit.“Youcan'tcomewithus！”Annastressed.“Wewouldneverhangoutwithyou！”Theotherkidsagreedandlaughed.TheyalllefttostartcollectingcandyforthenightwhileAllisonwasleftalone,embarrassedinthemiddleofthestreet.Anyway,sheknewalltheneighbors.Sheoftenhelpedaroundcarryingtheirgroceriesandhelpingthemwiththeirgardens.Peoplearoundthereknewher.Shedidn'tneedtohangoutwithAnnaorherfriends.“I'llgojustalone，”thelittlegirlsaidtoherselfandstartedwalking.SheaswellasAnnaandherfriendswalkedinthesamedirection：towardstheirfirstneighborMrsVaughan'shouse.ButAllisonwalkedbehindandkeptherdistancefromthem.AndshestoppedwhenAnnaandherfriendswerenearMrsVaughan'shouse.Justthen,MrsVaughanlookedoutofherwindow.ShenoticedthatAllisonwasbeingexcludedbyAnnaandherfriends.SheknewitwasprobablybecauseofAllison'spoordress.SheimmediatelyfeltpityforAllison,whooftenhelpedherandotherneighbors.ShedecidedtogiveAllisonmuchmorecandyasarewardandteachAnnaandherfriendsalesson.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式作答。WhenAnnaandherfriendsknockedonherdoor,MrsVaughanopenedit.Annalookedup,andsaid，“Ourclothesaremorebeautiful！ButyougaveAllisonmorecandy！Why？”綜合模擬檢測卷(七)答案與解析答案速查速覽1－56－1011－1516－20AADDCBCCBADDCACEGFCD21－2526－3031－35DABCDBCADCBADCB語篇解讀：本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹四個國際交換生項目。1．解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段開頭三句“ViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternationalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.(維也納暑期學(xué)校為30名本科水平的學(xué)生提供了與生物工程領(lǐng)域的世界頂尖研究人員并肩研究的絕佳機會。這個帶薪暑期項目旨在吸引國際學(xué)生，并創(chuàng)造一個良好的研究環(huán)境。對于那些對生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域感興趣的學(xué)生來說，這是一個絕佳的機會。)”可知，ViennaSummerSchool適合喜歡生物的學(xué)生。故選A。2．解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“AllexpensesandaccommodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.(所有費用和住宿費將由SUSI承擔，所以申請時間很短。)”可知，這個項目被完全資助，因此需要早點申請。故選A。3．解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.(被選定的申請人將共同創(chuàng)作繪畫和雕塑。)”可知，在這個項目中學(xué)生們將一起合作創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。故選D。語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章主要敘述印度建筑大師BalkrishnaVithaldasDoshi的生平及其成就。4．解析：選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore”可知，Doshi是一位多才多藝的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，從無障礙住房項目到Bangalore的印度管理學(xué)院，他的設(shè)計無所不有。versatile意為“多才多藝的”。故選D。5．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.[他周游世界各地的大學(xué)演講，與其他著名建筑師合作，甚至成立了環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心(現(xiàn)為CEPT大學(xué))，專注于理解、設(shè)計、規(guī)劃、建造和管理人類家園。]”可知，他對高等建筑教育做出了貢獻。故選C。6．解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“‘Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse'sapproach，’hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.‘Wewantedtofindourownidentity.’HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.‘Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily，’hesaid.‘Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat'showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens...mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.’(他在2018年對Louisiana現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館說：‘我們不想模仿別人的方法?！覀兿胝业阶约旱膫€性?！麖膶τ《任幕淖院栏兄屑橙§`感，創(chuàng)造了一種與西方設(shè)計截然不同的風格。他說：‘我把我的建筑當成我的朋友、我的家人。我和他們交談，這就是我如何創(chuàng)造壁龕、樓梯、廣場和花園的……我的建筑不僅純凈、清晰，而且設(shè)計能預(yù)見變化?！?”可推斷，作者引用Doshi的話是為了強調(diào)其建筑的獨創(chuàng)性。故選B。7．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“KnownasB．V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.(Doshi是一位多才多藝的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，從無障礙住房項目到Bangalore的印度管理學(xué)院，他的設(shè)計無所不有。悲傷的是，這位偉大的建筑師于2023年1月24日去世，享年95歲，留下了一份極有吸引力的遺產(chǎn)。)”根據(jù)第五段“Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi'sworks,describedtheartistas‘themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional’．(除了他的現(xiàn)代作品，Doshi致力于創(chuàng)作對窮人有益的作品。他在Indore設(shè)計了Aranya低成本住房項目。攝影師IwanBaan拍攝過Doshi的一些作品，他描述這位藝術(shù)家是‘我所知道的最平易近人的建筑師。即使是在他的公共住房項目中非常貧窮的人也認識他，這是非常罕見的?！?”可推斷，本文寫作的目的是為了紀念印度偉大的建筑師Doshi。故選C。語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章主要介紹研究人員探索出了降解PFAS的新方法。8．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressureinsomecasesover22megapascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.[雖然一些科學(xué)家已經(jīng)找到了相對簡單的方法來降解選定的PFAS，但大多數(shù)降解方法都需要使用高壓(在某些情況下超過22兆帕斯卡)或極高溫度(有時高達1000℃)來破壞化學(xué)鍵的苛刻過程。]”可知，之前分解PFAS的方法難以操作。故選C。9．解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab:sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.(來自埃文斯頓西北大學(xué)的威廉·迪赫特爾和他的團隊用幾乎在每個化學(xué)實驗室都能找到的兩種物質(zhì)進行了實驗；氫氧化鈉，也被稱為堿液，和一種叫作DMSO的溶劑。)”可知，這個團隊在實驗中嘗試了兩種非常常見的物質(zhì)。故選B。10．解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“‘Whathappenednextwasunexpected，’Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.(迪赫特爾說：“接下來發(fā)生的事情出乎意料。”酸的流失促使化學(xué)物質(zhì)降解成氟離子和更小的含碳產(chǎn)物，不會留下有害的副產(chǎn)品。)”可知，在他們的實驗中，環(huán)境友好的反應(yīng)最讓研究人員感到驚訝。故選A。11．解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句中“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals(最大的問題是如何適應(yīng)和擴大規(guī)模。明白這種機制只是消除永久化學(xué)物質(zhì)的一步)”可推斷，從ChrisSales的話中可推斷在該方法得到廣泛應(yīng)用前需要更多的研究。故選D。語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類的平均標準體溫在下降并分析了造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因。12．解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(1851年，德國醫(yī)生卡爾·萊因霍爾德·奧古斯特·溫德利希首次提出了人體正常體溫約為37℃的觀點。)”第二段第一句中“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究已經(jīng)表明，與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低)”可知，他提出了標準人體體溫。故選D。13．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(標準),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD(醫(yī)學(xué)博士),professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.(最近的研究已經(jīng)表明，與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低，因此，由醫(yī)學(xué)和健康研究與政策教授JulieParsonnet博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的斯坦福大學(xué)的研究小組決定進行更深入的研究，將現(xiàn)代測量結(jié)果與歷史記錄進行比較，試圖確定體溫趨勢，并可能揭示這種變冷現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因。)”可知，該研究團隊對比研究了歷史和當前的人體體溫數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。14．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一種可能性是200年來公共衛(wèi)生的提高減少了炎癥的發(fā)病率，而炎癥促進了新陳代謝。再加上人們在更穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中過著更舒適的生活，這意味著身體不需要像以前那樣努力工作來保暖，所以平均溫度會下降。)”可推斷，生活條件的改善被認為是導(dǎo)致人體體溫下降的原因。故選A。15．解析：選C。標題概括題。根據(jù)第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it'sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingc