必修3Unit4

Astronomy:thescienceofthestars單元話題導(dǎo)讀寫作詞匯updateadj.更新；使現(xiàn)代化artificialadj.人造的intelligentadj.智能的negativeeffect負(fù)面影響scientificbreakthrough科學(xué)突破potentialability潛能話題美句(1)沒有一項(xiàng)發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣既受到大力贊揚(yáng)又飽受批評(píng)。NoinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseandabusethantheInternet.(2)大家普遍認(rèn)為掌握計(jì)算機(jī)技能可以幫助人們獲得更多工作或晉升機(jī)會(huì)。It’sbelievedthatcomputerskillswillhelppeopleenhancejoborpromotionchances.(3)我們將努力趕上世界先進(jìn)水平。Wewillspare

noeffortstocatchupwiththeadvancedworldlevels.精雕玉琢用定語(yǔ)從句改寫句子：(1)Wearenowlivinginaninformationage.TV,cellphonesandtheWebarewidelyusedinit.Wearenowlivinginaninformationage,______________TV,cellphonesandtheWebarewidelyused.

inwhich/where

精雕玉琢用高級(jí)單詞或短語(yǔ)替換畫線部分：(2)Besides，mostprogramsonTVarealsoavailableelsewhere.__________________________________________，mostprogramsonTVarealsoavailableelsewhere.用表語(yǔ)從句改寫句子：(3)BecauseIneedacellphonetokeepintouchwithmyfriendsandfamily.________________Ineedacellphonetokeepintouchwithmyfriendsandfamily.

Moreover/Furthermore/Additionally/Inaddition

Thereasonisthat

經(jīng)典習(xí)題及優(yōu)美范文

假定你是紅星中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席李明，你校將于4月8日邀請(qǐng)清華大學(xué)的張教授來(lái)學(xué)校搞一個(gè)關(guān)于天文學(xué)的講座。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的提示，用英文寫一則口頭通知。內(nèi)容包括：(1)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)：早上8點(diǎn)，一樓會(huì)議室；(2)參加人員：全體同學(xué)；(3)要求準(zhǔn)備天文學(xué)方面的問(wèn)題，張教授會(huì)回答；(4)講座的意義。Attention,please!Ihaveanannouncementtomake.TherewillbealecturetobegivenbyProfessorZhangfromTsinghuaUniversityonApril8th.Thetopicforthelectureisastronomy,whichyouareallinterestedin.Itwilltakeplaceinthemeetingroomat8a．m.onthefirstflooroftheteachingbuilding.Itisexpectedthatallofyouwilltakeanactivepartinit.What’smore,it’sbetterforyoutopreparesomequestions.ProfessorZhangwillanswerthem,anditwillbeofgreatbenefitforyoutohaveabetterunderstandingoftheuniverse.Ihopeeverybodywillattenditontime.That’sall.Thankyou.單元基礎(chǔ)精測(cè)重點(diǎn)單詞※核心詞匯1．______________vt.&n.拉(力)；拖；

牽引力2．______________vi.&vt.(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物3．______________n.學(xué)說(shuō)；理論4．______________n.系統(tǒng)；體系；

制度5．______________n.大氣層；氣氛6．______________adv.因此；于是

pull

float

theory

system

atmosphere

thus

重點(diǎn)單詞※擴(kuò)展詞匯7．___________

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難n.謎；難題→___________

adj.迷惑不解的8．___________

vi.存在；生存→___________

n.存在；生存；生活(方式)9．___________

n.生物學(xué)→___________

n.生物學(xué)家puzzle

puzzled

exist

existence

biology

biologist

重點(diǎn)單詞10．____________n.物理學(xué)家→____________n.物理學(xué)→____________

adj.物理的；物理學(xué)的11．____________n.宗教；宗教信仰→____________adj.宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的12．___________

adj.有害的→___________n.&vt.傷害；損害；危害→____________

adj.無(wú)害的physicist

physics

physical

1religion

religious

harmful

harm

harmless

重點(diǎn)單詞13．__________

adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→___________

adv.強(qiáng)烈地；猛烈地；激烈地→___________

n.暴力；暴力行為14．__________

prep.與……不同；

不像→___________(反義詞)prep.像→____________vt.不喜歡

violent

violently

violence

unlike

like

dislike

重點(diǎn)單詞※閱讀詞匯15．pull

n.&vt.______________________16．crash

vi.&vt.________________17．multiply

vt.&vi.________________18．fundamental

adj.________________19．spaceship

n.________________

拉(力)；拖；牽引力碰撞；墜落乘；增加根本的；根底的宇宙飛船重點(diǎn)單詞20．chain

n.___________________21．satellite

n.________________22．physicist

n.___________________23．a(chǎn)stronomy

n.________________24．oxygen

n.________________25．gravity

n.________________

鏈子；鏈條；鎖鏈衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星物理學(xué)家；天文學(xué)氧萬(wàn)有引力重力常用短語(yǔ)1．阻止；制止

____________________2．爆發(fā)；突發(fā)

____________________3．下蛋

____________________4．感到高興；感到振奮

____________________5．密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防

____________________

prevent…from…

breakout

layeggs

cheerup

watchout

常用短語(yǔ)6．givebirthto

____________________7．blockout

____________________8．solarsystem

____________________9．intime

____________________10．inone’sturn

____________________11．nowthat

____________________

產(chǎn)生；分娩擋住(光線)

太陽(yáng)系及時(shí)；終于輪到某人；接著既然經(jīng)典句式1．Theearthbecame_______violent_______itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so…that…)2．Thisproducedachainreaction,which______________________________(使得生命可能發(fā)展)．(makeitpossibleforsb./sth.todo)so

that

madeitpossible

forlifetodevelop

經(jīng)典句式3．IfoundIwascarried__________________(兩倍遠(yuǎn))ontheearthandfellover.(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)4．Walkingdoesneedabitofpractice_________gravityhaschanged.(nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)

twiceasfaras

nowthat

單元要點(diǎn)突破1．harmfuladj.有害的【考點(diǎn)激活】①M(fèi)anywastesproducedintheproducingprocessare____________(harm)aswell.在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的很多廢物也是有害的。(1)beharmfultosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有害(2)doharmtosb./dosb.harm對(duì)某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利(3)Thereisnoharmindoingsth.＝Itdoes(no)harm(forsb.)todosth.做某事沒有害處。(4)harmlessadj.無(wú)害的【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】Thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.先向他抱歉沒有什么害處。Theycandomoreharmthangoodtofamilyrelationships.對(duì)家庭關(guān)系而言，他們弊大于利。【多維訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空②Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon，causing/doingseriousharm______lifeandtheenvironment.③Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway，thereisnoharmin____________(call)him.◆一句多譯眾所周知，吃太多垃圾食品對(duì)你的健康有害。④Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfood_______________________________.(harmful)⑤Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfood___________________________.(harmn.)【答案】①harmful

②to

③calling④isharmfultoyourhealth

⑤doesharmtoyourhealth2．existvi.存在；生存【考點(diǎn)激活】①Thegoalistofindoutwhetherkidsusingtoday’snewtechnologycanteachthemselvestoreadinplaceswherenoschoolsorteachers__________.該目標(biāo)是弄清楚是否使用今天新技術(shù)的孩子能在沒有老師或者學(xué)校的地方自學(xué)。(1)existin…存在于……之中existon…靠……為生Thereexists/existed…某地有……；存在……(2)existence

n.存在；生存comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在(3)existent

adj.存在的；現(xiàn)存的【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】Besidesthecolor,thereexistotherdifferences.除了顏色不同外，還有其他的區(qū)別?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)津】exist一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也不能與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空②Naturalresourcesarethingsthatexist______natureandcanbeusedbypeople.③Theoldladybecameseriouslyilllastweek.Shehasonlyexisted______milkeversince.④There______(exist)agoodwaytosolvetheproblematpresent.◆完成句子⑤關(guān)于宇宙是如何產(chǎn)生的，科學(xué)家們有多種觀點(diǎn)。Scientistshavemanytheoriesabout_________________________________________.【答案】①exist

②in

③on

④exists⑤howtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence3．puzzlen.謎；難題vt.

使困惑；使糊涂【考點(diǎn)激活】①Tenyson’scarefortheelderlywoman____________theflowerseller.丁尼生對(duì)老婦人的照顧使賣花的人很迷惑。(1)puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨(2)puzzling

adj.令人迷惑不解的puzzled

adj.迷惑不解的(常用來(lái)修飾人)bepuzzledby…被……迷惑(3)beinapuzzleabout/astosth.對(duì)某事迷惑不解【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)人們一直苦思冥想埃及人是如何移動(dòng)這些巨大石塊的?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空Thephysicsproblemwas②________(puzzle)．Thestudentlookedatitwitha③________(puzzle)expression.Shewasin④________puzzleastowhattodowithnext.Ithoughtshe⑤________(puzzle)byit.【答案】①puzzled

②puzzling

③puzzled④a

⑤waspuzzled4．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力【考點(diǎn)激活】①Isatdownonthefloorand__________afewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.我坐在地板上，隨意地在書架上拽了幾本書。(1)pullaway

(汽車等)開走pullawayfrom掙脫；脫離pulldown拆毀；摧毀；(把身體)拖垮pullin

(車輛等)進(jìn)站；?？柯愤叀局R(shí)建構(gòu)】pullout駛出；拉出；拔出pullthrough康復(fù)；痊愈pullup停車pulltogether齊心協(xié)力(2)push

v．推；推動(dòng)Thehandshakeseemstobelongerthanelsewhere.Sodonotpullawayfromthehandshake.這種握手看起來(lái)要比其他地方握的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，所以握手時(shí)不要迅速掙脫。【多維訓(xùn)練】◆完成句子②Solongaswe__________________(齊心協(xié)力),wewillcreateagoodenvironmenttostudyinourclass.③Don’tworry,yourbrotherisgoingto____________(康復(fù))soon.④______________(用力推)whenItellyouto.◆翻譯句子⑤Itiseasiertopulldownthantobuildup.________________________________________________【答案】①pulled

②pulltogether

③pullthrough④Pushhard

⑤拆房容易蓋房難。1．intime及時(shí)；終于【考點(diǎn)激活】①Wearrivedinthesummer,just__________toenjoythemidnightsun.我們?cè)谙奶斓竭_(dá)，正好能及時(shí)享受到午夜的太陽(yáng)。(1)innotime立刻；馬上atnotime絕不atatime每次；一次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度attimes有時(shí)候atthesametime同時(shí)fromtimetotime有時(shí)；偶爾【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】(2)takeone’stime別著急；慢慢來(lái)pass/killtime消磨時(shí)光Intimeyou’llappreciatethebeautyofthislanguage.總有一天你會(huì)體會(huì)到這門語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)美之處。Atnotimedidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.他們實(shí)際上從未違反比賽規(guī)那么，懲罰他們是不公平的?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)津】atnotime位于句首時(shí)句子要局部倒裝；innotime意為“立刻，馬上〞，無(wú)否認(rèn)意義，置于句首，不引起倒裝。【多維訓(xùn)練】◆用time的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空J(rèn)ohnwasdetermined.HewaspoorinEnglish,but②____________didheloseheart.③__________hegotazerointheEnglishexam,whichmadehimverysad.Histeacherencouragedhim,saying“④___________.Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillmakeprogress⑤______________.〞Hearingthis,Johntookaction⑥______________.◆根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換這個(gè)活動(dòng)非常有意義，我們不會(huì)忘記它。⑦Theactivityissomeaningthatwewillneverforgetit.(用atnotime改寫)→_____________________________________________【答案】①intime

②atnotime

③Atonetime④Takeyourtime

⑤intime

⑥innotime⑦Theactivityissomeaningthatatnotimewillweforgetit.2．inone’sturn輪到某人；接著【考點(diǎn)激活】①Whenitwas______________，hetoldusajoke.當(dāng)輪到他時(shí)，他給我們講了一個(gè)笑話。(1)inturn依次；輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過(guò)來(lái)byturns輪流；交替(2)taketurnstodosth.依次；輪班；輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事(3)Itturns/turnedoutthat…結(jié)果……【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】It’syourturntowatchoutthestranger.到你密切注視這個(gè)陌生人了。Iwouldn’tscoldanyonefordecidingtopartyonweekendsandinturnIwouldn’texpectanyonetogiveoffencetomeforfocusingonmyhealth.我不會(huì)責(zé)怪任何決定在周末聚會(huì)的人，反過(guò)來(lái)，我也不希望任何人因?yàn)槲谊P(guān)注自身健康而冒犯我?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空②Whenitisin______(I)turn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.③Ithinkit’smyturn______(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.④Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，andthis______turncreatesmoreproblems.◆一句多譯結(jié)果我們的努力終于有所回報(bào)。⑤Ourefforts_______________________intime.⑥_________________________intime.【答案】①inhisturn

②my

③todrive

④in

⑤turnedouttopayoff

⑥Itturnedoutthatoureffortspaidoff3．prevent…from阻止……；制止……【考點(diǎn)激活】①Therealchallengeispreventinglight________scattering.真正的挑戰(zhàn)在于阻止光線分散。【知識(shí)建構(gòu)】Youcan’tstop/keeppeoplefromsayingwhattheythink.人們?cè)趺聪刖蜁?huì)怎么說(shuō)，你阻止不了?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)津】在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，prevent/stop…(from)doingsth.中的from可以省略，而keep…fromdoingsth.中的from不可以省略；在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中from均不能省略?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空②Weshouldpreventtheriverfrom____________(pollute)．③Factoriesmustbeprevented____________givingoffsmellygas.④Ithasbeenprovedthatwinehelpsprotect________heartdisease.⑤Nothingcanpreventme________(achieve)mydreamofbeingadoctor.【答案】①from

②beingpolluted

③from④from/against

⑤(from)achieving4．nowthat既然【考點(diǎn)激活】①____________Chicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.既然芝加哥的廢水大量排入芝加哥河，城市的下一步工作就是清理這些受污染的水?！驹~義辨析】nowthat與since同義，語(yǔ)氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示明顯的或已知的理由because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答why的提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般放在主句之后as語(yǔ)氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是顯而易見的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前for并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。for表示這一用法時(shí)需放在兩句之間inthat意為“因?yàn)椋捎凇?/p>

Shemayneedsomehelpasshe’snew.她是新來(lái)的，可能需要一些幫助。IwasfortunateinthatIhadfriendstohelpme.我很幸運(yùn)，有一些朋友幫助我。【多維訓(xùn)練】◆完成句子②______________________(既然你得到了這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)),youhadbettermakefulluseofit.③Itmusthaverainedlastnight,________________(因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦?．④既然制訂了方案，我們就應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。________________，wearesupposedtocarryitoutstrictly.【答案】①Nowthat②Nowthat/Sinceyouhavegotthechance③forthegroundiswet④Nowthat/Sincewehavemadeaplan1．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反響，使生命得以開展了。【句型提煉】make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)句中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)，possible為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，todevelop為真正的賓語(yǔ)。make的常見用法有：【句型剖析】(2)當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把不定式短語(yǔ)或從句后置，即：make＋it＋

賓補(bǔ)

＋

不定式短語(yǔ)或從句。Imakeitaruletogoforawalkeveryday.每天散步成了我的習(xí)慣。Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard.她不得不提高嗓門讓人聽到她的聲音?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)津】在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，此類結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要復(fù)原。例如：Tomwasmadetostudyhardbyhisparents.湯姆被父母要求努力學(xué)習(xí)?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆語(yǔ)法填空①Hemanagedtomakehimself__________(understand)inaninterestingway.②Atnotimeshouldhebemade________(take)achance.③Hemade________clearthathewasagainstthetheory.【答案】①understood

②totake

③it④YouhadbettermakeitaruletopractisespeakingMandarineveryday.⑤YouhadbetterformthehabitofpractisingspeakingMandarineveryday.2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我覺察我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因此我摔倒了?！揪湫吞釤挕勘稊?shù)＋as…as…twiceasfaras…是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法，意為“是……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)〞。英語(yǔ)里常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有：A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(jí)＋asBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋thanBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length…)＋ofB【句型剖析】AnewiPadinthemarketcostsaboutthreetimesthepriceofasecond-handone.市場(chǎng)上一部新iPad的價(jià)格大約是一部二手貨的三倍?！径嗑S訓(xùn)練】◆一句多譯亞洲是歐洲的四倍大(比歐洲大三倍)。AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.＝①Asiais__________________ofEurope.＝②Asiais__________________thanEurope.【答案】①fourtimesthesize

②threetimeslarger寫作技能遞升一、單元核心考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thedevelopmentofspacetechnologyischeering1．________(we)up.ManhassucceededinlandingonthemoonandthenextdestinationisMars.Thisgoalwillbeachieved2．________time.IstherelifeonMars？Itisstill3．________puzzletous.Untilnowwe4．________(know)alittleaboutMars，butthat’snotenough.Theearthissixtimes5．________(large)thanMars.ThereisalmostnooxygenonMars，which6．________(make)itimpossibleforlife7．________(exist).Itmightbeabout50degreesabovezeroatnoonand100degreesbelowzeroatnight，whichpreventsus8．________(live)there.Now9．________Marsisquitedifferentfromtheearth，ifweplantogotoMarsoneday，weshouldhavetotakealongourownoxygen，food,10．________(cloth)andshelter.【答案】1．us

2．in

3．a(chǎn)

4．haveknown

5．larger6．makes

7．toexist

8．living

9．that10．clothing/clothes二、用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫總分值話題作文1．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子(黑體局部請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)①我和父母之間存在一個(gè)問(wèn)題，使我不能專心學(xué)習(xí)。____________________________betweenmyparentsandme,andthat__________________________.【答案】①Thereexistsaproblem;hasmadeitimpossibleformetoconcentrateonmystudy②我對(duì)太空探險(xiǎn)很癡迷，因此我在業(yè)余時(shí)間常去圖書館，在那里我掌握了許多與太空探險(xiǎn)有關(guān)的材料。IamsocrazyaboutspaceexplorationthatinmysparetimeIoftengotothelibrary,______________________________.【答案】②whereIhavegotthehangofmuchaboutspaceexploration③這使我的父母很生氣，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為我的愛好對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)有害。Thismakesmyparentsveryangrybecausetheythink__________________.【答案】③myhobbyisharmfultomystudy④使我沮喪的是，他們總是阻止我去圖書館，并催促我用更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。(主語(yǔ)從句)____________________andurgemeto_________________mylessons.【答案】④Whatupsetsmeisthattheyalwayspreventmefromgoingtothelibrary;spendmuchmoretimeon⑤依我看，良好的愛好不僅對(duì)全面開展有益，而且有助于我日后的成功。Inmyview,notonlyarehealthyhobbiesbeneficialtomyoveralldevelopmentbuttheycanalso__________________.【答案】⑤contributetomysuccessintime⑥既然你處理過(guò)類似的情況，我想知道你是否能給我一些建議。_______________________，I’mwonderingwhetheryoucanoffermesomesuggestions.【答案】⑥Nowthatyouhavedealtwithsuchsituation2．按要求升級(jí)句式⑦用分詞作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí)句①_______________________【答案】Thereexistsaproblembetweenmyparentsandme，makingitimpossibleformetoconcentrateonmystudy.⑧用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句①____________________【答案】Thereexistsaproblembetweenmyparentsandme，whichhasmadeitimpossibleformetoconcentrateonmystudy.3．巧妙銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：actually,however,