【01-暑假?gòu)?fù)習(xí)】專題06動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)(含答案)-2025年新高一英語(yǔ)暑假銜接講練(譯林版)專題06動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(初高中銜接)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、習(xí)慣性行為或永恒的真理、客觀事實(shí)。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)的東部。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(2)在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。IfyouarefreethisSunday,wellgoforapicnic.如果你這周日有空，我們將去野餐。2.第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則：(1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。place—placesspeak—speaksput—putsexperience—erperiences(2)以o，s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的單詞，一般在詞尾加es。do—doesgo—goesfinish—finishesbrush—brushesfix—fixespass—passeswatch—watches(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加es。study—studiescarry—carriescry—cries(4)以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，在詞尾直接加s。play—playsstay—stays3.否定句Heisn'tanengineer.他不是一位工程師。Wedon’treadnovelsinclass.上課我們不看小說。4.一般疑問句—Isheastudent?他是一位學(xué)生嗎？—Yes,heis./No,heisn't.是的/不是的—Doyougetupat7：30inthemorning?你早上七點(diǎn)鐘起床？—Yes，wedo./No，wedon't.是的/不是的考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)1.用法(1)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)，或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。IgraduatedfromNo.2MiddleSchoolthreeyearsago.三年前我從第二中學(xué)畢業(yè)。(2)表示一系列發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，盡管動(dòng)作有先后，但是都用過去時(shí)，且在最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連接。Hetookhisbag,closedthedoorandlefttheroom.他拿起包，關(guān)上門，離開了房間。(3)在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用過去將來時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。Hewouldgivethelettertoherassoonasshecameback.她一回來他就會(huì)把信給她。2.否定句Hewasn'tbusyyesterday.他昨天不忙。Hedidn'tsmokelastyear.他去年不抽煙。3.疑問句—Washefreeyesterday?—Yes，hewas./No，hewasn't.他昨天有時(shí)間嗎？有/沒有?！狣idhegraduatelastyear?—Yes，hedid./No，hedidn't.去年他畢業(yè)了嗎？是/不是。4.動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則。(1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。view—viewedsuffer—sufferedlaugh—laughedexplain—explainedfinish—finishedwork—worked(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加d。experience—experiencedchange—changedchallenge--challengedsmoke—smokedescape—escapedgraduate—graduated(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加ed。study—studiedcarry—carriedcry—criedtry—triedmarry—married(4)以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加ed。play—playedstay—stayed(5)以“一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母”的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加ed。spot—spottedplan—plannedskip—skipped(6)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do—didgo—e—camerun—ranwrite—wrotebegin—begandrink—drankkeep—keptleave—leftsleep—sleptmake—madelie—laydig—dugeat—ateknow—knewcut—cutset—setlet—letread—readhurt—hurt考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look,theyareplayingfootball.看,他們正在踢足球。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示正在發(fā)展變化的情況。Thepopulationoftheworldisincreasing.世界人口正在不斷增長(zhǎng)。Don’tmakenoise.Thebabyisfallingasleep.別出聲。孩子就要睡著了。(3)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。IfIamsleepingwhenhecomes,wakemeup,please.如果他來時(shí)我正在睡覺，請(qǐng)叫醒我。(4)與always,allthetime,constantly,forever等連用，表達(dá)說話人的贊賞、責(zé)備、厭惡等情感。He'salwaysthinkingofothers.他總是想著他人?！緶剀疤崾尽恳恍┍硎靖杏X、愿望和狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，如:be,love,hate,like,want,need,prefer,wish,know,believe,feel,remain,look,see,seem,fit,find,hear,allow,prove,sound,taste,desire等。2.動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞尾加ing。do—doingread—readingwork—workingthink—thinkingstudy—studyinggo—goingwatch—watchingjump—jumping(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加ing。like—likingtake—takingleave—leavinglive—livingreceive—receivingdance—dancingcome—comingsmoke—smokingwrite—writing(3)以“一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母”的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加ing。stop—stoppingbegin—beginningdig—diggingswim—swimmingrun—runningsit—sitting(注意：listen—listeningopen—openingeat—eatingrain—rainingsleep—sleeping)考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示發(fā)生在過去的或已經(jīng)完成的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和“for+時(shí)間段”“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句”連用。(表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)3.動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在重復(fù)發(fā)生很多次4.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,never/ever,just,before，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，howlongin/over/duringthepast/last3years，overtheyears，sofar/tillnow/bynow/uptonow，thesedays，recently/inrecentyears，once/twice/threetimes/manytimes…5.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化：leave---beaway,borrow---keepbegin/start---beonbuy---havedie---bedeadfinish---beoverjoin---bein+組織機(jī)構(gòu)或者beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu)opensth---keepsthopenfallill---beillgetup---beupcomehere---beherecatchacold---haveacoldfallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)leave---beawayfromgo(get)out→beoutputon→wear6.重要句型：(1)That/This/Itisthefirst(second,third...)time...(that)...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(2)＂That/This/Itisthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+(that)從句＂中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(3)在＂Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since...＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。(4)一段時(shí)間+完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Ithasbeen/Itis5yearssincewelastmet.自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好看的電影。TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了?！緶剀疤崾尽窟@個(gè)句式里面twoyears要看作一個(gè)整體，表示時(shí)間段，放在主語(yǔ)位置上，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式?！疽谆毂嫖?】since/forsince1.since后可加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如nearlythreeyearsago或2008.2.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+agoforfor后加一段時(shí)間。如tenyears?！疽谆毂嫖?】have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過，強(qiáng)調(diào)以往的經(jīng)歷。TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto去了某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒有回來。---Whereisyouruncle?---Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin待在某地，住在某地Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五一般講來時(shí)1.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的并很可能發(fā)生的事?；蛘呤歉鶕?jù)天氣跡象猜測(cè)要發(fā)生的事情。WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?2.will+動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或是存在的狀態(tài)。Willyoubebackintwodays?【易混辨析】begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形和will+動(dòng)詞原形begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形1.強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，則通常要用begoingto2.若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，通常只用begoingto，"Annisinhospital.""Yes,Iknow.I’mgoingtovisithertomorrow.(事先考慮的意圖)will+動(dòng)詞原形1.表示某個(gè)意圖沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮，而是在說話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的，則通常用will"Annisinhospital.""Oh,really?Ididn’tknow.I’llgoandvisither."2.帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句.3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(1)tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow(2)next...:nextweek,nextyear等(3)in...:inthreeyears,inaweek,in2025等(4)soon等【溫馨提示】1.當(dāng)句中主語(yǔ)是I或者we時(shí)，一般使用shall,表示征求對(duì)方的意見。Whenshallwemeettomorrow?2.如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.3.如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom4.當(dāng)if表示“是否”時(shí)，不遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。Idon’tknowifhewillcometomyhometomorrow.考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetoten,lastevening,when,while，as【易混辨析】含有when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句whenwhen所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)作既可以是長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，也可以是短動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)詞既可以使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。關(guān)鍵看動(dòng)作是否能延續(xù)，可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。主句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作可不可以延續(xù)決定，可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。JimwaslisteningtotheCDwhenhisbrothercameback.whilewhile所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)作只能是長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)詞只能使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。該延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作可不可以延續(xù)決定，可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymotherwaswatchingTV.Whenhe________(walk)hisdoginthepark,hecameacrossanoldfriendofhis.1.It________(represent)theearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.2.Astheimpactofhumanactivities________(continue)togrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion.3.Whenapieceoficeistakenintoawarmroom,itwillbecomesmallerandsmaller,untilintheendit________(appear)completely.4.You________togetridofthehabitofdrinkingcolaonly.5.They________(leave)forabeachvacationtomorrow.They’vealreadypackedtheirswimsuitsandsunhats.6.Jerry________(use)toimaginethatonedayhecouldseethebeautyoftheworldwithoutleavinghishome.NowhiswishhascometruewiththedevelopmentoftheInternet.7.WhenIarrived,he________(lie)onthebed,fastasleep.8.Wewereinformedthattheleaders________(come)toourschoolsoon.9.Weareafraidthatwecannotpasstheexamtobeheldnextweek,becausetheteacher________(criticise)usifwecan’tpassit.10.Tom________(graduate)fromcollegeinafewmonthsbecausehehascompletedallthecourses.11.Researchhas________(confirm)thatsmokingisamajorriskfactorformanydiseases.12.Thenumberofstudentsinourschool________(increase)steadilyinthepastfewyears.提升專練I.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Doingpull-upsdevelopsourcoremusclesand________(strength)ourupperback.2.Yourtalent________(able)youtobequalifiedforthejob.3.First,histwosledges________(break)downandthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.4.AlthoughMaryhurthisfeelings,he________(forgive)herintheend.5.Theyarealways________(comment)onwhatI’mwearing.6.He________(leave)forGuangzhouintwohourstomeetwithhismanager.7.Soldiers________(march)upanddownoutsidethegovernmentbuildingsatthattime.8.They________(chat)merrilyviaSkypewhenthepowerwascutoff.9.Bytheendoftherun,allmystress________(disappear)andI’mreadytofacethenextdayatwork!10.Itisreportedthatthisorganization________(raise)over1,000,000dollarstohelpstudentsinremotemountainousareassofar.11.He________(intend)toparkherebutwasstopped.It’sanemergencyexit.12.They________(intend)toremovethethreattothedeerbysettingupnaturereserves,butinvain.13.They________(go)fishingifitdoesn’trainthisafternoon.14.TheStudentUnionisgoing________(hold)apaper-cuttingandtraditionalChinesepaintingcompetitionandthewinners’workswillbetodisplayinourschool’slibrary.15.Myuncle________(come)backfromabroadnextweek.16.Iwasn’tsurewhetherthepostman________(deliver)methepackageontime.17.LastSundayhepromisedhe________(come)buthehasn’tarriveduntilnow.18.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?—Hetoldmethathe________(visit)theDisneyWorldthenextday.19.Wewerenotsurewhethertheyweregoing________(grow)morevegetables.20.Fathersaidthathe________(take)metoBeijingthenextyear.II.閱讀理解(24-25高一下·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·開學(xué)考試)Makingafilmislikesolvingacomplexpuzzle.Whileactorsandthestoryarewhatweseeonscreen,manypeopleworkbehindthescenestomakethemoviecomealive.Eachpersonhasauniqueroletoplayinbringingthefinalproducttolife.Thedirectorisoftenregardedastheleaderoftheproject.Theyguidetheactors,determinethevisualcompositionofeachscene,andcollaborate(合作)closelywiththecinematographertoselectthemosteffectivecameraanglesandlighting.Thecinematographer,alsoknownasthedirectorofphotography,isresponsibleforcapturingthefilm’svisualaesthetic.Theymanipulate(熟練操作)lightandshadowtocreatethedesiredmoodandatmosphere.Anotherkeypersonistheproductiondesigner,whooverseesthefilm’soveralllook.Theymakesureeverydetail,fromthesetstothecostumes,matchesthestory’ssettingandtone.Forexample,ifthefilmissetinahistoricalperiod,theproductiondesignerensuresthattheprops,clothing,andenvironmentsaccuratelyreflectthattime.Theyworkwithartdirectors,setdecorators,andcostumedesignerstocreateacohesive(協(xié)調(diào)的)andbelievableworld.Sounddesignersandeditorsalsoplayacrucialrole.Theyenhancethefilm’semotionalimpactbyaddingsoundeffects,backgroundnoises,andmusic.Withouttheircontributions,eventhemostexcitingsceneswouldlackdepthandintensity.Finally,theeditorcarefullyassembles(整合)thefootage,selectingthebesttakesandarrangingthemtocreateacompellingnarrative(扣人心弦的敘事).Thisprocess,whichcantakemonths,isessentialformakingsurethefilmflowssmoothlyandkeepstheaudienceengaged.1.Whodirectlyworkswithactorstodecidehowscenesshouldlook?A.Thecinematographer. B.Theproductiondesigner.C.Thedirector. D.Thesoundeditor.2.Theunderlinedword“aesthetic”inParagraph2mostcloselymeans_____________.A.emotionalimpact B.visualstyle C.historicalaccuracy D.storystructure3.Ifafilm’s1920ssettingfeelsunrealistic,whichrolelikelyfailedtheirjob?A.Theeditor. B.Theproductiondesigner.C.Thecinematographer. D.Thesounddesigner.4.Whymighteditingtakemonthstocomplete?A.Actorsneedtimetopreparetheirperformances.B.Selectingthebestshotsandorganizingthemcarefullytakestime.C.Creatingrealisticsoundeffectsrequiresmultipletries.D.Directorswanttogivecreativeimprovementsenoughtime.III.完形填空(24-25高一下·湖北孝感·開學(xué)考試)ItallbeganonMay13whenthebrakes(剎車)slammed(緊急制動(dòng)).StudentstoldBBCNewsthattheywere“terrifiedand1”bythesuddenmotion.Then,they2andsawwhatwasgoingon.Thebusdriverwasunconscious(失去意識(shí))—andseventhgraderDillonReeveshadgrabbedthesteeringwheel.SecuritycamerashowedthatDillonhadnoticedthedriverhavingamedical3,causingthebustomakeaturn.Theboyimmediatelysprangfromhisseat,tookthewheel,and4thebrakes,gainingcontrolofthesituationand5thedriverandhispassengers.“Ijustknewwhattodointhat6,”Dillonsaid.“Thebuswasturningofftheroad.”O(jiān)nestudentwhohadbeenonthebus7Dillonwithsavingthe“entirebus”withhis“quickactionsandthinking”,andby“being8”.WarrenConsolidatedSchoolssaidinanewsreleasethatdoctors9quicklyandtreatedthedriver.Thestudentswereplacedonanotherschoolbusand10home.HowhadDillonbeentheonlyonetonoticewhatwasgoingon?Whileotherkidshadbeenontheircellphones,listeningtomusic,or11focusedontheirelectronics,Dillondidn’thaveacellphonetodistracthimfromtheworldaroundhimor12hissituationalawareness.“Whatelseareyougoingtodowhenyoudon’t13acellphone?”SteveReevesasked.“You’regoingtolookatpeople.You’regoingto14stuff.You’regoingtolookoutofthewindow.Maybeitisaverypowerful15—achange-the-worldkind.”1.A.annoyed B.shocked C.delighted D.satisfied2.A.lookedback B.lookeddown C.lookedup D.lookedout3.A.emergency B.treatment C.service D.research4.A.figured B.stuck C.sought D.hit5.A.cheating B.losing C.collecting D.saving6.A.generation B.instant C.chance D.atmosphere7.A.applauded B.appointed C.exchanged D.replaced8.A.grateful B.romantic C.brave D.energetic9.A.indicated B.argued C.responded D.discovered10.A.transported B.decorated C.settled D.spotted11.A.therefore B.otherwise C.however D.eventually12.A.limit B.raise C.preserve D.prove13.A.permit B.bet C.pursue D.own14.A.absorb B.notice C.defend D.update15.A.lesson B.expression C.secret D.dealIV.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(24-25高一下·湖北孝感·開學(xué)考試)InEastChina’sAnhuiprovince,12-meter-widealley(巷)separatesapairofgraywalls.Atfirstglanceitmayseeminsignificant,buttothose2knowitshistory,LiuchiAlleyinTongchengsymbolizesmuchmorethanitsprevious3(appear)wouldsuggest.Thealley’sname4(come)fromtheChinesewordsfor“six”and“chi”,aunitoflength,duetoitswidth.IntheearlyQingDynasty,itservedastheboundarybetweentheZhangandWufamilies,bothwithprominentmembersinEmperorKangxi’scourtorotherregions.However,thetwofamiliesquarreledovertheboundaryandtheright5(build)awall.After6(fail)togetmediationfromaregionalofficial,theZhangswrotetoZhangYing,atopofficialinthecourt.Hisresponse,7theformofapoem,didn’tsupporthisfamilyasexpected.Instead,heaskedhisrelativestostepbacklmeterfromtheboundary.8(move)bythis,bothfamiliesdidso,andthealley9(form).Thisalleyisoftenassociatedwithtolerance,morality,andsocialorder.Althoughthewallsarereplicas,peoplearestillattractedbyitsstory.Toordinaryfolk,thestoryisabouthowtogetalongwithotherpeople,whileauthoritiesthinkitcanalsofunctionasaguidelinefor10(official).V.應(yīng)用文寫作(24-25高一下·河南鶴壁·開學(xué)考試)為提高同學(xué)們的綠色生活意識(shí)，你校學(xué)生會(huì)將舉辦海報(bào)征集活動(dòng)(PosterProjects)，請(qǐng)你為校英文報(bào)寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括:1.活動(dòng)目的；2.具體要求；3.表達(dá)期許。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________專題06動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(初高中銜接)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、習(xí)慣性行為或永恒的真理、客觀事實(shí)。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)的東部。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(2)在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。IfyouarefreethisSunday,wellgoforapicnic.如果你這周日有空，我們將去野餐。2.第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則：(1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。place—placesspeak—speaksput—putsexperience—erperiences(2)以o，s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的單詞，一般在詞尾加es。do—doesgo—goesfinish—finishesbrush—brushesfix—fixespass—passeswatch—watches(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加es。study—studiescarry—carriescry—cries(4)以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，在詞尾直接加s。play—playsstay—stays3.否定句Heisn'tanengineer.他不是一位工程師。Wedon’treadnovelsinclass.上課我們不看小說。4.一般疑問句—Isheastudent?他是一位學(xué)生嗎？—Yes,heis./No,heisn't.是的/不是的—Doyougetupat7：30inthemorning?你早上七點(diǎn)鐘起床？—Yes，wedo./No，wedon't.是的/不是的Myroutinediet________(consist)offruit,milk,vegetablesandrice.【答案】consists考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我的日常飲食包括水果、牛奶、蔬菜和米飯。句子是描述一個(gè)事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)diet表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填考點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)1.用法(1)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)，或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。IgraduatedfromNo.2MiddleSchoolthreeyearsago.三年前我從第二中學(xué)畢業(yè)。(2)表示一系列發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，盡管動(dòng)作有先后，但是都用過去時(shí)，且在最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連接。Hetookhisbag,closedthedoorandlefttheroom.他拿起包，關(guān)上門，離開了房間。(3)在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用過去將來時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。Hewouldgivethelettertoherassoonasshecameback.她一回來他就會(huì)把信給她。2.否定句Hewasn'tbusyyesterday.他昨天不忙。Hedidn'tsmokelastyear.他去年不抽煙。3.疑問句—Washefreeyesterday?—Yes，hewas./No，hewasn't.他昨天有時(shí)間嗎？有/沒有?！狣idhegraduatelastyear?—Yes，hedid./No，hedidn't.去年他畢業(yè)了嗎？是/不是。4.動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則。(1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。view—viewedsuffer—sufferedlaugh—laughedexplain—explainedfinish—finishedwork—worked(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加d。experience—experiencedchange—changedchallenge--challengedsmoke—smokedescape—escapedgraduate—graduated(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加ed。study—studiedcarry—carriedcry—criedtry—triedmarry—married(4)以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加ed。play—playedstay—stayed(5)以“一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母”的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加ed。spot—spottedplan—plannedskip—skipped(6)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do—didgo—e—camerun—ranwrite—wrotebegin—begandrink—drankkeep—keptleave—leftsleep—sleptmake—madelie—laydig—dugeat—ateknow—knewcut—cutset—setlet—letread—readhurt—hurtWhenwereachedthetopofthehill,amagnificentviewofthesea________(greet)us.【答案】greeted考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，映入眼簾的是壯麗的海景。根據(jù)上文reached可知，描述過去發(fā)生的事，為一般過去時(shí)。故填考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look,theyareplayingfootball.看,他們正在踢足球。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示正在發(fā)展變化的情況。Thepopulationoftheworldisincreasing.世界人口正在不斷增長(zhǎng)。Don’tmakenoise.Thebabyisfallingasleep.別出聲。孩子就要睡著了。(3)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。IfIamsleepingwhenhecomes,wakemeup,please.如果他來時(shí)我正在睡覺，請(qǐng)叫醒我。(4)與always,allthetime,constantly,forever等連用，表達(dá)說話人的贊賞、責(zé)備、厭惡等情感。He'salwaysthinkingofothers.他總是想著他人?！緶剀疤崾尽恳恍┍硎靖杏X、愿望和狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，如:be,love,hate,like,want,need,prefer,wish,know,believe,feel,remain,look,see,seem,fit,find,hear,allow,prove,sound,taste,desire等。2.動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞尾加ing。do—doingread—readingwork—workingthink—thinkingstudy—studyinggo—goingwatch—watchingjump—jumping(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加ing。like—likingtake—takingleave—leavinglive—livingreceive—receivingdance—dancingcome—comingsmoke—smokingwrite—writing(3)以“一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母”的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加ing。stop—stoppingbegin—beginningdig—diggingswim—swimmingrun—runningsit—sitting(注意：listen—listeningopen—openingeat—eatingrain—rainingsleep—sleeping)Thepopulationofourprovinceisnow________(approach)74million.【答案】approaching考點(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我省人口現(xiàn)接近7400萬。根據(jù)now可知，句子陳述目前正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，與空前is構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填考點(diǎn)四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示發(fā)生在過去的或已經(jīng)完成的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和“for+時(shí)間段”“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句”連用。(表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)3.動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在重復(fù)發(fā)生很多次4.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,never/ever,just,before，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，howlongin/over/duringthepast/last3years，overtheyears，sofar/tillnow/bynow/uptonow，thesedays，recently/inrecentyears，once/twice/threetimes/manytimes…5.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化：leave---beaway,borrow---keepbegin/start---beonbuy---havedie---bedeadfinish---beoverjoin---bein+組織機(jī)構(gòu)或者beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu)opensth---keepsthopenfallill---beillgetup---beupcomehere---beherecatchacold---haveacoldfallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)leave---beawayfromgo(get)out→beoutputon→wear6.重要句型：(1)That/This/Itisthefirst(second,third...)time...(that)...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(2)＂That/This/Itisthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+(that)從句＂中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(3)在＂Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since...＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。(4)一段時(shí)間+完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Ithasbeen/Itis5yearssincewelastmet.自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好看的電影。TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。【溫馨提示】這個(gè)句式里面twoyears要看作一個(gè)整體，表示時(shí)間段，放在主語(yǔ)位置上，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。【易混辨析1】since/forsince1.since后可加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如nearlythreeyearsago或2008.2.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+agoforfor后加一段時(shí)間。如tenyears?！疽谆毂嫖?】have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過，強(qiáng)調(diào)以往的經(jīng)歷。TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto去了某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒有回來。---Whereisyouruncle?---Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin待在某地，住在某地Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.Overtime,it________(expand)toincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.【答案】hasexpanded【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，它已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展到包括多種選擇的湯，蔬菜，肉類和醬料，吸引不同口味的人。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，由Overtime以及句意可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)it是單數(shù)，因此空格處是hasexpanded。故填hasexpanded。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)五一般講來時(shí)1.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的并很可能發(fā)生的事。或者是根據(jù)天氣跡象猜測(cè)要發(fā)生的事情。WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?2.will+動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或是存在的狀態(tài)。Willyoubebackintwodays?【易混辨析】begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形和will+動(dòng)詞原形begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形1.強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，則通常要用begoingto2.若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，通常只用begoingto，"Annisinhospital.""Yes,Iknow.I’mgoingtovisithertomorrow.(事先考慮的意圖)will+動(dòng)詞原形1.表示某個(gè)意圖沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮，而是在說話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的，則通常用will"Annisinhospital.""Oh,really?Ididn’tknow.I’llgoandvisither."2.帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句.3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(1)tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow(2)next...:nextweek,nextyear等(3)in...:inthreeyears,inaweek,in2025等(4)soon等【溫馨提示】1.當(dāng)句中主語(yǔ)是I或者we時(shí)，一般使用shall,表示征求對(duì)方的意見。Whenshallwemeettomorrow?2.如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.3.如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom4.當(dāng)if表示“是否”時(shí)，不遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。Idon’tknowifhewillcometomyhometomorrow.Onlyteamworkwill________(able)ustogetthejobdoneontime.【答案】enable考點(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：只有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作才能使我們按時(shí)完成工作。此處為短語(yǔ)enablesb.todosth.，且will提示為一般將來時(shí)。故填考點(diǎn)六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetoten,lastevening,when,while，as【易混辨析】含有when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句whenwhen所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)作既可以是長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，也可以是短動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)詞既可以使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。關(guān)鍵看動(dòng)作是否能延續(xù)，可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。主句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作可不可以延續(xù)決定，可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。JimwaslisteningtotheCDwhenhisbrothercameback.whilewhile所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)作只能是長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)詞只能使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。該延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作可不可以延續(xù)決定，可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymotherwaswatchingTV.Whenhe________(walk)hisdoginthepark,hecameacrossanoldfriendofhis.【答案】waswalking【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致。句意：在公園遛狗的時(shí)候，他碰到了他的一位老朋友。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“當(dāng)他在公園遛狗的時(shí)候”，由came可知，從句中時(shí)態(tài)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)he是單數(shù)，因此when引導(dǎo)的從句是whenhewaswalkinghisdoginthepark，因此空格處用waswalking。故填waswalking。1.It________(represent)theearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.【答案】represents【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它代表著地球的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開始的最美好的祝愿。句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)it是單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填represents。2.Astheimpactofhumanactivities________(continue)togrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion.【答案】continues【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，瀕臨滅絕的物種名單越來越長(zhǎng)，我們面臨著一個(gè)問題?？仗幾鲝木渲^語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意可知，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)theimpactofhumanactivities為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填continues。3.Whenapieceoficeistakenintoawarmroom,itwillbecomesmallerandsmaller,untilintheendit________(appear)completely.【答案】disappears【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)一塊冰被帶進(jìn)溫暖的房間時(shí)，它會(huì)變得越來越小，直到最后完全消失。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意以及常識(shí)可知，冰在溫暖的房間會(huì)融化，最后消失，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞disappear，表示“消失”，until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填disappears。4.You________togetridofthehabitofdrinkingcolaonly.【答案】need【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：你需要改掉只喝可樂的習(xí)慣。由句意可知，此空應(yīng)填need，在這里作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有“需要”之意，其用法為needtodosth.，表“需要做某事”，為固定搭配，此空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在是時(shí)表客觀情況。故填need。5.They________(leave)forabeachvacationtomorrow.They’vealreadypackedtheirswimsuitsandsunhats.【答案】areleaving【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：他們明天要去海邊度假。他們已經(jīng)把泳衣和遮陽(yáng)帽打包好了。結(jié)合句意及“tomorrow”可知，此處表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，給人一種期待感，主語(yǔ)They表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，故填areleaving。6.Jerry________(use)toimaginethatonedayhecouldseethebeautyoftheworldwithoutleavinghishome.NowhiswishhascometruewiththedevelopmentoftheInternet.【答案】used【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：杰瑞過去常常幻想有一天他可以不出家門就能看到世界的美麗?，F(xiàn)在，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，他的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了?？仗幵诰渲凶髦^語(yǔ)，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故該句為一般過去時(shí)；動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)usedtodo表示“過去常常做某事”，符合句意。故填used。7.WhenIarrived,he________(lie)onthebed,fastasleep.【答案】waslying【詳解】考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：我到的時(shí)候，他正躺在床上睡得很熟。結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“WhenIarrived”可知，此處描述過去正在發(fā)生的事情，使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)he表示單數(shù)意義，be動(dòng)詞使用was，故填waslying。8.Wewereinformedthattheleaders________(come)toourschoolsoon.【答案】werecoming【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們被告知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快就要來我們學(xué)校了?？仗帪橘e語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)soon和主句謂語(yǔ)wereinformed可知，這里表示過去看來將要發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，come是瞬移動(dòng)詞，可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表過去將來。主語(yǔ)theleaders為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用were。故填werecoming。9.Weareafraidthatwecannotpasstheexamtobeheldnextweek,becausetheteacher________(criticise)usifwecan’tpassit.【答案】willcriticise【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們擔(dān)心我們不能通過下周舉行的考試，因?yàn)槿绻覀儾荒芡ㄟ^，老師會(huì)批評(píng)我們的?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)，結(jié)合“tobeheldnextweek”可知，criticise“批評(píng)”發(fā)生在將來，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故填willcriticise。10.Tom________(graduate)fromcollegeinafewmonthsbecausehehascompletedallthecourses.【答案】willgraduate/isgraduating/isgoingtograduate/istograduate【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：湯姆幾個(gè)月后就要大學(xué)畢業(yè)了，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)完成了所有的課程。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inafewmonths可知，設(shè)空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可以用