Part1單元詞匯…………分類自測閱讀詞匯——語境識意1.fieldresearch實(shí)地研究，實(shí)地調(diào)研2.virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)3.naturalselection自然選擇4.anendangeredspecies瀕危物種5.computescores計算得分6.aresearchchemist從事研究工作的化學(xué)家7.ayoungastronomer一個年輕的天文學(xué)家8.acarbattery汽車蓄電池9.wearabletech可穿戴技術(shù)10.thelawofgravity萬有引力定律11.mountainstreams山間小溪12.distinguishfactfromfiction區(qū)分真實(shí)和虛構(gòu)的事13.amapandcompass地圖和指南針拓展詞匯——變形拼寫第一組：動詞變形1.declarev．聲明→declarationn．聲明，宣告2.conductv．傳導(dǎo)(熱、電)→conductorn．導(dǎo)體；售票員→conductiveadj.導(dǎo)電(或熱等)的→conductionn．傳導(dǎo)3.attachv．系，綁；貼→attachmentn．附件；依戀→attachedadj.附屬于；愛慕的4.pressv．按→pressingadj.緊迫的；迫切的→pressuren．壓力；強(qiáng)迫5.provev．證明；證實(shí)→proofn．證明，證據(jù)6.injurev．使受傷，弄傷→injuredadj.受傷的，有傷的→injuryn．傷，損害7.computev．計算→computern．計算機(jī)→computationn．計算第二組：名詞和形容詞變形8.minoradj.小的→(反義詞)majoradj.主要的，大的→minorityn．少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)派9.entireadj.全部的；整個的；完全的→entirelyadv.完全地，徹底地10.mentaladj.精神的；精神健康的→mentallyadv.精神上11.significantadj.重要的，影響深遠(yuǎn)的→significancen．重要性；意義→significantlyadv.明顯地；有重大意義地12.passiveadj.被動的→(反義詞)activeadj.主動的→passivelyadv.被動地13.virtualadj.虛擬的，模擬的→virtuallyadv.事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上14.flexibleadj.易彎曲的，柔韌的→flexiblyadv.靈活地；有彈性地→flexibilityn．靈活性；適應(yīng)性15.capableadj.有能力的→capabilityn．能力→capablyadv.能干地；有能力地16.biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologistn．生物學(xué)家→biologicaladj.生物學(xué)的；生物的17.extraordinaryadj.非凡的，出色的→extraordinarilyadv.極其，極端地18.astronomern．天文學(xué)家→astronomyn．天文學(xué)19.chemistryn．化學(xué)→chemistn．化學(xué)家→chemicaladj.化學(xué)的n．化學(xué)物質(zhì)20.theoryn．學(xué)說，理論→theoreticaladj.理論上的21.accurateadj.精確的→accuratelyadv.精確地；準(zhǔn)確地→accuracyn．精確(性)22.sciencen．科學(xué)；技術(shù)→scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的→scientistn．科學(xué)家學(xué)生用書第118頁eq\a\vs4\al()形容詞后綴-ous表示“具有……性質(zhì)的；充滿……的”。①infect使感染；傳染→infectious傳染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage勇氣→courageous勇敢的④caution謹(jǐn)慎；小心→cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的⑤continue繼續(xù)→continuous持續(xù)的⑥fame名聲→famous著名的；出名的⑦danger危險→dangerous危險的⑧harmony融洽；和睦→harmonious和睦的；融洽的⑨anxiety焦慮→anxious焦慮的⑩envy嫉妒；羨慕→envious嫉妒的；羨慕的核心詞匯——單句應(yīng)用1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressure(press)ontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)You'llfindyourselfvirtually(virtual)alone，orclosetoit.3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign，AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable(capability).4.(2024·浙江1月卷)“In1999，Ipersonallysawsignificant(significance)tornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededstormcellinKansas，”Dr.Doswellsays.5.(2024·浙江1月卷)ThenInoticedfolkconducting(conduct)springcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.6.(2024·全國甲卷)BornjustbeforeWWⅡ，mygrandmotherexperiencedanentirely(entire)differentchildhoodlifestylefrommine.7.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction，notofcomputation(compute)，interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.8.Ifforwhateverreasons，people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent，theaccuracy(accurate)oftheestimatewillgodown.9.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange，”saysbearbiologist(biology)ChrisServheen.10.Inmyopinion，moreimportanceshouldbeattached(attach)todevelopingstudents'abilitytosolveproblems.11.Don'tputsomuchpressure(press)onthechildren.It'sharmfultotheirhealth.12.It'sreportedthattheastronautswillcarryoutaseriesofscientific(science)experimentsinspace.13.Rescuerssaidtheinjuredweretakentoanearbyhospital，butfortunatelytheinjurywasnotserious，notlifethreatening.(injure)14.ThesignificantdiscoveryofnewgasfieldinSouthChinaSeaisofgreatsignificancetoourcountry'seconomy.(significant)15.It'sdeclaredthatthetwocountriesagreetostoptheconflict.Theymustobeythedeclarationforever.(declare)16.Theentirevillagewasdestroyed.Itnowlooksentirelydifferentfromthepreviousone.(entire)Part2短語句式……………教材精選Ⅰ.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空becapableof，findout，benamedafter，berecognizedas，thanksto，neversaynever，diefrom，intermsof，themajorityof，focuson，inaddition1．Thereis，inaddition，onefurtherpointtomake.2．Thankstothegroupsofbraveyoungmen，afamilywassavedfromthefire.3．Themajorityofstudentswereinfavourofthesuggestionthattheygoonapicnicthenextday.4．Hemadesuchagreatcontributiontotheuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.5．Allofusareamazedbythefactthatsomanypeoplediefromdiseasesrelatedtosmoking.6．Thatscientistisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.學(xué)生用書第119頁7．Tobefrank，sheissmartenoughtobecapableofhandlingdifficultsituations.Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子1．(2023·新課標(biāo)卷讀后續(xù)寫)我被這個消息驚呆了，當(dāng)我的同學(xué)們勝利地舉手時，我激動得說不出話來。(while引導(dǎo)狀語從句)Stunnedbythenews，Iwaschokedwithemotionwhilemyclassmateswereraisingtheirhandsintriumph．2．到目前為止，不出所料，不止一個男孩讀過這本小說。(morethanone作主語)Sofarmorethanoneboyhaseverreadthisnovelasisexpected.Part1核心詞匯……………多維練透press(教材義)v．按；(補(bǔ)充義)v．壓，擠，推，貼；擠著走；敦促，逼迫；堅持，竭力要求；n．新聞工作者，新聞界，報刊(thepress)；新聞報道；新聞輿論，媒體評論；出版社，印刷廠(1)pressabutton/switch按下按鈕/開關(guān)presssthinto...把……塞入/按入……(2)presssthagainst...把……貼在……(3)presssbtodosth敦促某人做某事(4)pressuren．壓力underpressure在壓力之下①(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thebestwaytoeasepressure(press)onover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.②Toourshock，themanagerwaspressed(press)totakeimmediateactionatthepressconferencelastweek.③[讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫]他把鼻子貼在窗戶上，瞇起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。Hepressedhisnoseagainstthewindow，narrowedhiseyesandglanceddownatthepavement.④在技藝嫻熟的廚師靈巧的手中，每個餃子被小心地按壓和折起，形成一個完美的形狀。Undertheflexiblehandsoftheskilledchef，eachdumplingwascarefullypressedandfolded，creatingaperfectshape.desire(教材義)n．渴望，欲望；(補(bǔ)充義)v．渴望，要求，請求；被……吸引(1)desiretodosth渴望做某事desiresbtodosth想要某人做某事(2)desirethat...(should)dosth渴望……做某事(3)haveastrongdesiretodosth/forsth迫切要做某事/急于得到某物havenodesiretodosth不想做某事(4)desirableadj.令人向往的；值得擁有的①(2023·全國甲卷)Bangkokisahighlydesirable(desire)destinationforfoodlovers.②Thedisappointedtwinsdesired(desire)theirfathertotellthemhowtomakesandwiches，andhenodded.③[應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信]得知你很想學(xué)好漢語，我想給你一些建議。KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell，I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.④此外，這門課激發(fā)了我對文學(xué)的新熱情，激勵我在廣闊的英國文學(xué)世界中進(jìn)一步探索。Moreover，theclasshassparkedanewfoundpassionforliteraturewithinme，stimulatingmydesiretoexplorefurtherinthevastworldofEnglishliterature.injure(教材義)v．使受傷，弄傷；(補(bǔ)充義)v．損害，傷害(名譽(yù)、自尊等)(1)be/getseriously/slightlyinjured受重傷/輕傷(2)theinjured傷員(3)injuryn．傷，損害dosb/oneselfaninjury/doaninjurytosb/oneself傷害某人/自己①Iwaswearingaseatbelt，withoutwhichIwouldhavebeeninjured(injure).②Theyremovedtheinjured(injure)withsuchgreatskillandweresocoolintheemergency.③Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning，researchshows，whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries(injure).學(xué)生用書第120頁④[讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫]那個足球運(yùn)動員在地上打滾，好像一條腿受了重傷。Thefootballplayerwasrollingonthegroundasifbadlyinjuredinoneofhislegs．a(chǎn)ttach(教材義)v．系，綁；貼；(補(bǔ)充義)v．認(rèn)為……具有；附帶(條件)；附屬，依附；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)(1)attach...to...把……系/貼/附在……之上(2)beattachedtosb/sth依戀；附屬于；愛慕某人/某物(3)attachimportance/significanceto...重視；認(rèn)為……有意義①Handwritingisofsuchgreatimportancethateveryoneshouldattachgreatimportancetoit.②Herchildwasattached(attach)toscreenstothepointwhereshewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisearwithoutgettingaresponse.③[讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫]她發(fā)現(xiàn)桌子上放著一個盒子，盒子上貼著一張卡片，上面寫著“生日快樂”。Shefoundaboxlyingonthetablewithacardattachedtoit，saying“Happybirthday”．④(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷)Islippedinandgentlysettheprizecuponmyteacher'sdeskwithanoteattached(attach).Part2經(jīng)典句式……………寫作遷移句型公式：while引導(dǎo)狀語從句(1)表示“雖然；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(從句常置于句首)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。(2)表示“當(dāng)……的時候；在……時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，狀語從句的省略形式為whiledoing/done，表“當(dāng)做/被做……時”。(3)表示“而，然而”，表示前后分句的對比。①(2024·全國甲卷應(yīng)用文寫作)在為我們強(qiáng)大的國家感到自豪的同時，讓我們承擔(dān)起責(zé)任，為我們國家的繁榮而共同努力。Whiletakingprideinourpowerfulcountry，let'stakeonourresponsibilitiesandworktogetherforourcountry'sprosperity.②湯姆很擅長理科，而他的兄弟絕對是不可救藥。WhileTom'sverygoodatscience,hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.③(2023·浙江1月卷讀后續(xù)寫)雖然我有點(diǎn)沮喪，但我仍然希望在離開之前看到蜂鳥。WhileIwasalittleupset，IstillhopedtoseethehummingbirdbeforeIleft.④[中國元素]盡管中國傳統(tǒng)戲曲服裝的各種色彩讓觀眾迷惑，但熟練的表演者通過他們優(yōu)雅的動作和有力的聲音卻能將古老的故事帶入生活。WhilethevariouscolorsofthetraditionalChineseoperacostumesconfusedtheaudience，theskilledperformersbroughtancienttalestolifethroughtheirgracefulmovementsandpowerfulvoices.Part3語境辨義……………舉一反三Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思)1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.v.嘗試2．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)IflashedhimanapologeticsmileasIpulledoutmyPortuguesebankcard.v.突然顯露3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.v.進(jìn)行4．(2021·全國甲卷)Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.n.人(流)學(xué)生用書第121頁5．Allthedrawerswerestuffedfulloflettersandpapers.v.塞滿，裝滿6．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.n.文章，報道7．Ihadawholeboxofchocolatesandpiggedthelot！v.吃得過量8．He'sgotmefoxed.v.使上當(dāng)9．Malloyalwaystalkedhard,buthehadasoft,womanishface.adv.嚴(yán)厲地10．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWesternfavouritessuchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.n.最喜歡的東西Ⅱ.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)1．shootA．n.新芽B．v.拍攝C．v.射擊D．v.噴涌出①Oilwasshootingoutofthepipe.D②Thefilmcrewwasshootingasceneinthepark.B③Thegardenisfullofnewshootsinspring.A2．a(chǎn)ccountA．n.賬戶 B．n.敘述C．v.解釋 D．v.占(一定數(shù)量或比例)①Ineedtocheckthebalanceinmybankaccount.A②Thewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsoaccountfortheincrease.C③Shegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident.BⅠ.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)AugmentedReality(AR)isatechnologythatputsalayerofinformationoverwhatpeopleseeinreallife.ARis1.capable(capacity)ofputtinglabelsonstuff，oreven2.entirely(entire)changingthewaysomethinglooks.NowtheUSArmyisdevelopingARgogglesfordogs.Thereis3.proof(prove)thatthearmyalreadyworkswithdogsinvariousways，4.forinstance，helpingtrackpeopledown.5.Usually(usual)soldierscontrolthedogsbymovingtheirhandsorpointingtothingswithalaser(激光器).Sowhywouldthearmydesire6.toattach(attach)ARgogglestodogs?ThatisbecauseARgogglesallowdogstotravelfartherawaywithoutstayingclosetoatrainer.Thedog'sgogglesgivethetraineran7.accurate(accuracy)accountof8.whatthedogisseeingandhearing.The9.trainer(train)canthensendacommandtothedogthroughthegoggles，10.telling(tell)itwhattodonext.Ⅱ.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest，”Trostsays.[剖析]本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。句子主干是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Wewantedtodosomething。where引導(dǎo)定語從句。動詞不定式短語tosubmitstoriesforacontest作目的狀語。[翻譯]“我們想要做一些事情，即向灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家發(fā)起呼吁，讓他們提交故事參加比賽，”特羅斯特說。2．(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings，Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife，with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.學(xué)生用書第122頁[剖析]本句是一個復(fù)合句。句子主干是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Beijingisalsoaplace。其后that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾aplace；with...wondersstanding...復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。[翻譯]但除了古建筑，北京也是一個接受現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方，使得21世紀(jì)的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。3．(2022·全國乙卷)SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.[剖析]本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句為forthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwasasurprise。此句中包含一個定語從句whoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring，對名詞thechildren進(jìn)行修飾和限定。[翻譯]所以對她們來說，前往科羅拉多州埃爾克黑德去教授那些鞋子都是用繩子綁起來的孩子是一個驚喜。Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——科技發(fā)明(“科技與學(xué)習(xí)”的主題活動)結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。[基礎(chǔ)語料]單元詞匯inaddition，capable，attach，instance，significant，beyond，accurate，injure，brilliant，entirely，scientific經(jīng)典句型how引導(dǎo)賓語從句；extending動詞-ing形式作狀語；“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句[情境呈現(xiàn)]假定你是李華，你校即將舉辦“科技與學(xué)習(xí)”的主題活動，計劃邀請姊妹學(xué)校HighgateSchool進(jìn)行線上互動。請你寫一封信，溝通相關(guān)事宜。[思路點(diǎn)撥]人稱以第一人稱為主時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)線索第一段引出主題(寫信目的)→第二段介紹活動細(xì)節(jié)→結(jié)尾提出更多相關(guān)信息。[寫作輸出]DearHighgateSchoolContact，Ihopethismessagefindsyouwell.(1)Iamwritingonbehalfofourschooltodiscussthedetails(我代表我們學(xué)校寫信討論一些細(xì)節(jié))ofourupcomingsignificanteventthemed“TechnologyandLearning”．TheeventisscheduledforSept.10thatthestadium.(2)Weaimtodemonstratehowtechnologycanbeacapabletoolforlearning(我們的目標(biāo)是展示技術(shù)如何成為一種有能力的學(xué)習(xí)工具；capable；how引導(dǎo)賓語從句)，(3)extendingtheircapabilitiesbeyondtraditionalclassroomsettings(將它們的能力擴(kuò)展到傳統(tǒng)課堂環(huán)境之外；extending動詞-ing形式作狀語；beyond).Alsowewilldiscussabout(4)thebrilliantwaysinwhichtechnologycanbeusedtomakecomplexscientificconceptsmoreaccessibleandaccurate(利用技術(shù)使復(fù)雜的科學(xué)概念更易于理解和準(zhǔn)確的絕妙方法；brilliant；accurate；scientific;“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句).(5)Inadditiontothemaindiscussionpoints，wewouldliketoattachadetailedagendaforyourreview(除了主要的討論要點(diǎn)外，我們還想附上一份詳細(xì)的議程，供你們審閱；inaddition；attach).Pleasefindattachedthepreliminaryagendaandsomeresourcesforyourconsideration.Bestregards，LiHua[變式表達(dá)]用“動詞不定式作定語修飾ways”和其他近義表達(dá)改寫句(4)。Additionally，wewilldiscussthebrilliantwaystousetechnologyformakingcomplexscientificconceptsmoreaccessibleandaccurate.學(xué)生用書第123頁Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——參加航空滑翔機(jī)發(fā)明制作比賽(比喻描寫)[基礎(chǔ)語料]詞匯like像as正如，就像(引導(dǎo)從句)symbol象征represent代表asif/though好像similarto與……相似comparedto與……相比drawaparallel畫一條平行線incomparison相比之下句式ensuring動詞-ing形式作狀語；as引導(dǎo)狀語從句細(xì)節(jié)描寫1.Hersmilewaslikesunshinebreakingthroughtheclouds.她的笑容就像云層中透出的陽光。2.Hefoughtthewavesasalionwouldfightitsprey.他像獅子搏斗獵物一樣與海浪搏斗。3.Hisheartwasasheavyasastone.他的心像石頭一樣沉重。4.Thenightskywasavastcanvasofstars.夜空是一幅布滿星星的巨大畫布。5.Heranasifthewindwasathisheels.他跑得好像風(fēng)在背后追趕他。[情境呈現(xiàn)]老師宣布了一個全國性的STEM挑戰(zhàn)，主人公對此很感興趣→主人公選擇了航空滑翔機(jī)挑戰(zhàn)，和兩個朋友組成了一個團(tuán)隊，開始制作滑翔機(jī)和發(fā)射器→他們設(shè)計了滑翔機(jī)和發(fā)射器，并在制作過程中享受了樂趣，并成功晉級到全國賽→他們飛到亞利桑那州參加全國比賽→比賽過程中，有些滑翔機(jī)表現(xiàn)很好，有些則在空中解體→……[思路點(diǎn)撥]文體：記敘文人稱：第一人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給首句Itwasfinallyourturn.可知，接下來要寫我們的心情以及飛行前的準(zhǔn)備活動或比賽場景等。[寫作輸出]Itwasfinallyourturn.(1)Amixofexcitementandnervesfilledourhearts(我們心里既興奮又緊張).(2)Wecarefullyplacedourgliderinthelauncher，ensuringeverythingwassetforthevitalmoment(我們小心翼翼地把滑翔機(jī)放在發(fā)射裝置里，確保在關(guān)鍵時刻一切準(zhǔn)備就緒；ensuring動詞-ing形式作狀語).Withadeepbreath，welaunchedourglider.(3)Itglidedgracefullythroughtheair，itswingscuttingthroughthewindlikeawell-aimedarrow(它優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔，它的翅膀像一支瞄得很準(zhǔn)的箭一樣穿行風(fēng)中)!(4)Everyonegotquietastheglidercametoastop(當(dāng)滑翔機(jī)停下來時，每個人都安靜了下來；as引導(dǎo)狀語從句).Thentheresultcameout.Ourgliderlandedlessthan3inchesfromthetarget!(5)Ourperformancereceivedloudapplause(我們的表演贏得了熱烈的掌聲).[變式表達(dá)]用“when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句和showing＋賓語從句”將下面語段合并成一個主從復(fù)合句。Thentheresultcameout.Ourgliderlandedlessthan3inchesfromthetarget!Ourperformancereceivedloudapplause.→Ourperformancereceivedloudapplausewhentheresultcameout，showingthatourgliderhadlandedlessthan3inchesfromthetarget.單元測評15Unit3Theworldofscienceeq\a\vs4\al(\f(對應(yīng)學(xué)生,用書P387))(時間：30分鐘滿分：32.5分)(本欄目內(nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊裝訂！)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分)A(2025·深圳一調(diào))Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld'sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewood-likeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinaliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumthatcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones(激素).Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecell-basedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate(使脫水)thematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwood-likecharacteristics.What'smore,it'stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisground-breaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpoweroftechnology，”saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為了避免砍伐樹木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。1．WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?A．Togrowmoretrees.B．Toprotectplantdiversity.C．Toreducetreelosses.D．Topredictforestdisappearance.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest...Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechnique”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這項研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選C。2．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A．Itstheoreticalbasis.B．Itskeyprocedures.C．Itsscientificevidence.D．Itsusualdifficulties.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的first,then,Next,Finally等詞可知，第二段主要說的是實(shí)驗室研究的關(guān)鍵步驟。故選B。3．Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A．Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.B．Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.C．Theircells'shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.D．Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevels...smallerbutdensercellstructures”可知，較低的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的密度更低，而較高的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的密度更高。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)密度的高或低，影響著植物材料是更柔軟還是更堅硬。故選A。4．Whyistheresearchground-breakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A．Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B．Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.C．Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.D．Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirements...thattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.”可知，Berenstain認(rèn)為這項研究具有開創(chuàng)性，因為它革新了木制品的制作方法。故選B。B(2025·八省適應(yīng)性考試)WanttolearnanewlanguageorgetA'sincollegeexams?Previousstudieshaveshownthatexercisecanhelpstimulatetheareasofthebrainthatconvert(轉(zhuǎn)換)newinformationintolong-termmemory.Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherandfoundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.Buildinguponpastresearchthatfoundexercisereleasesbiochemicalsthatimprovementalfunction,scientistsatRadboudUniversityandtheUniversityofEdinburghconductedastudytodeterminewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning.Participants—72healthymaleandfemaleadults—werefirstaskedtoperformacomputertestthatchallengedtheirvisualandspatiallearning.Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednaturedocumentaries,buttwo-thirdsofthemalsoexercised.Halfoftheexercisersdidcircuittrainingonanexercisebikefor35minutesimmediatelyafterthetest.Theotherhalfdidthesameexercisebutnotuntilfourhoursaftertheyhadbeentested.Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest,andtheywereconnectedtoMRI(磁共振成像)machinestoassesstheirbrainactivity.Theparticipantswhoexercisedfourhoursaftertakingthecomputertestwereabletorecallwhattheyhadlearnedmostaccurately.Theirbrainwavesalsoshowedmoreconsistentlevelsofactivity,indicatingthattheirbrainswerelesstaxedtorememberwhattheyhadlearned.Accordingtothisresearch,thebesttimetoexercisetoimprovelearningisfourhoursafterstudying.Butwhy?That'sonequestiontheresearchershaveyettoanswer.Anotherquestionleftunansweredisthelevelofexercisethatmightbestimprovelearning.I'verunenoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.Buttheresearchersnotedthatlightworkoutsmightnotgivethebrainenoughofabiochemicalboosttoimprovelearning.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新研究。研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)后過4小時再運(yùn)動可以最大程度地提高記憶力。5．Whatdidthenewstudyaimtoexplore?A．Whenexerciseisbestforlearning.B．Whatbiochemicalsaregoodforhealth.C．Howbrainwavesshouldbemeasured.D．Whichareaofthebrainisthemostactive.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“foundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning”及第二段中的“conductedastudytodeterminewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning”可知，該項研究的目的是想確定什么時間運(yùn)動對學(xué)習(xí)最有益。6．Whatwerealltheparticipantsaskedtododuringtheexperiment?A．Trainonbicycles.B．Domathematicsexercises.C．Playcomputergames.D．Watchfilmsaboutnature.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednaturedocumentaries”可知，在試驗過程中全部受試者都需要觀看一部自然紀(jì)錄片，也就是看一部關(guān)于自然的電影。7．Whydidtheparticipantsreturntothelabtwodayslater?A．Todoamedicalexamination.B．Tohavetheirmemorytested.C．Togettheirworkoutsrecorded.D．Tofinishtheirprevioustasks.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest...wereabletorecallwhattheyhadlearnedmostaccurately.”可知，兩天后受試者回到實(shí)驗室是為了測試他們的記憶力。8．Whatmighttheauthor'smarathonrunningprove?A．Thefindingsofthestudyarereliable.B．Long-distancerunnersareoftensmart.C．Studiesonthemarathonarenotenough.D．Hardexercisemaynotsharpenthebrain.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I'verunenoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.”可知，研究人員指出輕度運(yùn)動可能并不能有助于大腦學(xué)習(xí)，而作者跑過多次馬拉松，在艱苦的馬拉松鍛煉后作者認(rèn)為自己的大腦并沒有變得更敏銳，因此作者是想用自己的馬拉松跑步訓(xùn)練說明強(qiáng)度大的運(yùn)動也可能不會使大腦敏銳。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(本題共5個小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分)(2024·武漢高三二調(diào))Afterbuildingsomestandardcargobikes,1，thistimewithsomethingveryspecial.Iwantedtobuildanidealcargobikecombiningthestabilityofathree-wheelerwiththepossibilitytochangedirectionslikebeingontw