大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3(專升本)試題及答案一、詞匯與語(yǔ)法（共40分，每題2分）題目1—I'msorryIbrokeyourmirror.—Oh,really?____.A.Itdoesn'tmatterB.Don'tbesorryC.NotatallD.It'sOKwithme答案：A解析：當(dāng)別人為弄壞東西而道歉時(shí)，應(yīng)給予安慰。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)關(guān)系”符合語(yǔ)境；B選項(xiàng)“別道歉”表述生硬；C選項(xiàng)“一點(diǎn)也不，別客氣”，常用于回答感謝；D選項(xiàng)“我沒(méi)問(wèn)題”，不符合此情境下的回應(yīng)習(xí)慣。題目2Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were答案：C解析：“thenumberof”表示“……的數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“anumberof”表示“許多，大量”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。所以第一空用was，第二空用were。題目3—Whatdoyouthinkoftheperformancetoday?—Great!____butamusicalgeniuscouldperformsosuccessfully.A.AllB.NoneC.AnybodyD.Everybody答案：B解析：“nonebut”表示“只有”，此句意思是“只有音樂(lè)天才才能表演得如此成功”。A選項(xiàng)“all”表示“所有”；C選項(xiàng)“anybody”表示“任何人”；D選項(xiàng)“everybody”表示“每個(gè)人”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。題目4Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____nothingwrongand____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset答案：B解析：insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，從句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。第一空“他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)做錯(cuò)事”，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone；第二空“他堅(jiān)決要求被釋放”，用“shouldbeset”，should省略。題目5—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D解析：“Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“為什么不……”，用來(lái)提出建議；“trydoingsth.”表示“嘗試做某事”，“trytodosth.”表示“盡力做某事”，這里是建議嘗試乘船，所以用trygoing。題目6____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What答案：B解析：as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可置于句首、句中或句末，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，這里as指代后面整個(gè)句子“themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth”。A選項(xiàng)若用it，應(yīng)是“Itisknowntoeverybodythat...”；C選項(xiàng)that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)what不能引導(dǎo)這種定語(yǔ)從句。題目7Thecomputercenter,____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened答案：D解析：“Thecomputercenter”與“open”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“計(jì)算機(jī)中心被開(kāi)放”，且“l(fā)astyear”表明是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去分詞opened作后置定語(yǔ)。題目8____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven答案：A解析：“trees”與“giveattention”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“樹(shù)被給予更多關(guān)注”，所以用過(guò)去分詞given作條件狀語(yǔ)。題目9—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI____here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案：B解析：“Thisisthefirst/second...time(that)sb.have/hasdonesth.”是固定句型，表示“這是某人第幾次做某事”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。題目10She____hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright.A.lookedupB.lookedforC.pickedoutD.pickedup答案：A解析：“l(fā)ookup”表示“查找（資料、號(hào)碼等）”；“l(fā)ookfor”表示“尋找”；“pickout”表示“挑選出”；“pickup”表示“撿起，接載，學(xué)會(huì)”。這里是在電話簿里查找號(hào)碼，所以用lookedup。題目11Thelittleboywon'tgotosleep____hismothertellshimastory.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether答案：B解析：“unless”表示“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。此句意思是“小男孩除非媽媽給他講故事，否則就不睡覺(jué)”。A選項(xiàng)“or”表示“或者，否則”；C選項(xiàng)“but”表示“但是”；D選項(xiàng)“whether”表示“是否”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。題目12Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since答案：C解析：這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分”，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“notuntil1920”，所以用that。題目13Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce____witheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled答案：C解析：否定詞或具有否定意義的短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。“neveronce”表示“從未一次”，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以將have提前，構(gòu)成“havetheyquarreled”。題目14____thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn'tgoonwiththeexperiment.A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.With答案：D解析：“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這里“thetemperaturefallingsorapidly”是“with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種伴隨情況。A、B、C選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，后面要接句子，而這里“thetemperaturefallingsorapidly”不是句子。題目15—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may答案：D解析：“maynot”表示“也許不”，表示一種可能性。A選項(xiàng)“mustnot”表示“禁止”；B選項(xiàng)“cannot”表示“不能”；C選項(xiàng)“neednot”表示“不必”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。題目16Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as答案：C解析：“before”表示“在……之前”，此句意思是“他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但在情況變得更糟之前他糾正了局面”。A選項(xiàng)“until”表示“直到”；B選項(xiàng)“when”表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；D選項(xiàng)“as”表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，因?yàn)椤?，均不符合語(yǔ)境。題目17Weagreedtoaccept____theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever答案：D解析：“theythought”是插入語(yǔ)，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且指人，所以用whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作accept的賓語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)“whatever”指物；B選項(xiàng)“whomever”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；C選項(xiàng)“whichever”表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”，均不符合要求。題目18Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience____onbenches,chairsorboxes.A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.havingbeenseated答案：C解析：“seat”是及物動(dòng)詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)“beseated”表示“就座，坐著”，這里“withtheaudienceseatedonbenches,chairsorboxes”是“with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。題目19____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires答案：C解析：這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句的固定句型“Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句?！皉equire”與“it”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用“isrequired”。題目20Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho____forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame答案：A解析：“betoblame”表示“應(yīng)受責(zé)備”，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，所以選A。B選項(xiàng)“isgoingtoblame”表示“將要責(zé)備”；C選項(xiàng)“istobeblamed”用法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“shouldblame”缺少賓語(yǔ)。二、閱讀理解（共40分，每題4分）Passage1Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon(結(jié)腸).Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates(硝酸鹽),commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditives,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenic(致癌的)additivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillin(青霉素)tobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.題目21Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?A.DrugandFoodB.CancerandHealthC.FoodandHealthD.HealthandDrug答案：C解析：文章開(kāi)篇指出“我們所吃的食物似乎對(duì)我們的健康有深遠(yuǎn)影響”，接著闡述了食物中的添加劑、給動(dòng)物使用藥物等情況對(duì)健康的危害，所以文章主要圍繞食物和健康的關(guān)系展開(kāi)，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“藥物和食物”、D選項(xiàng)“健康和藥物”都只涉及了文章的部分內(nèi)容；B選項(xiàng)“癌癥和健康”范圍太窄，文章不僅僅討論癌癥與健康的關(guān)系。題目22WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons.B.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimals.C.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.D.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerintheworld.答案：A解析：根據(jù)文中“Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.”可知，有時(shí)給動(dòng)物使用藥物不是出于醫(yī)療目的，而是為了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)，文中提到食物中有直接添加的添加劑，也有因給動(dòng)物使用藥物而間接進(jìn)入食物的情況，該選項(xiàng)正確；C選項(xiàng)，文中提到1945年政府研究人員就意識(shí)到硝酸鹽等添加劑致癌，距今超過(guò)35年，該選項(xiàng)正確；D選項(xiàng)，文中提到“fortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell”，該選項(xiàng)正確。題目23Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?A.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavebeenvirtuallyeliminated.B.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.C.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofood.D.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.答案：C解析：根據(jù)文中“Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.”以及后面提到的食物中使用致癌添加劑等內(nèi)容可知，由于科學(xué)的應(yīng)用，一些潛在有害的物質(zhì)被添加到了食物中，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)與文意不符，文中強(qiáng)調(diào)了食物對(duì)健康的危害；B選項(xiàng)“缺乏關(guān)于食物價(jià)值的信息”在文中未提及；D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家保存了肉類的顏色，但沒(méi)有保存蔬菜的顏色”并非科學(xué)對(duì)人類有害的原因。題目24Whatarenitratesusedfor?A.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.B.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.C.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.D.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.答案：B解析：根據(jù)文中“governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates(硝酸鹽),commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats”可知，硝酸鹽常用于保存肉類的顏色，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“保存包裝食品的味道”、C選項(xiàng)“是研究對(duì)象”、D選項(xiàng)“使動(dòng)物變胖”均不符合文意。題目25Theword“carcinogenic”mostnearlymeans“____”.A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causing答案：D解析：根據(jù)文中“thesecarcinogenic(致癌的)additivesremaininourfood”以及前文提到硝酸鹽等添加劑會(huì)致癌，可知“carcinogenic”意思是“致癌的”，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“制造麻煩的”、B選項(xiàng)“保留顏色的”、C選項(xiàng)“賺錢的”均不符合。Passage2Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-termgoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossibly,months.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,ourlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbuildonthefoundationoftheshort-termgoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrows,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-termgoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.題目26Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot____.A.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalsB.ifwecompletetheshort-termgoalsC.ifwehavedreamsofthefutureD.ifweputforwardsomeplans答案：B解析：根據(jù)文中“ourlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals”可知，沒(méi)有短期目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)就沒(méi)什么意義，也就是說(shuō)只有完成了短期目標(biāo)，長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)才會(huì)有很大意義，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)與文意相悖；C選項(xiàng)“有未來(lái)的夢(mèng)想”與長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)有意義的直接關(guān)聯(lián)不大；D選項(xiàng)“提出一些計(jì)劃”未明確與長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)意義的關(guān)系。題目27Newshort-termgoalsarebuiltupon____.A.adailybasisB.yourachievementinaweekC.currentactivitiesD.thegoalsthathavebeencompleted答案：D解析：根據(jù)文中“Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted”可知，新的短期目標(biāo)是建立在已經(jīng)完成的目標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上的，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“日常基礎(chǔ)”、B選項(xiàng)“一周內(nèi)的成就”、C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前活動(dòng)”均不符合文意。題目28Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,____.A.wewillwinfinalsuccessB.weareoverwhelmedC.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccessD.weshouldhavestrongdesireforsettingnewgoals答案：C解析：根據(jù)文中“Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed”可知，當(dāng)完成目標(biāo)的每一步時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)對(duì)成功的信心，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“贏得最終成功”說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“不知所措”與文意不符，文中說(shuō)不應(yīng)讓自己感到氣餒或不知所措；D選項(xiàng)“有強(qiáng)烈的設(shè)定新目標(biāo)的欲望”不是完成每一步的直接結(jié)果。題目29Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Lifeisadynamicthing.B.Weshouldsetuplong-termgoals.C.Differentkindsofgoalsinlife.D.Thelimitationoflong-termgoals.答案：C解析：文章開(kāi)篇指出有短期、中期和長(zhǎng)期三種目標(biāo)，然后分別闡述了這三種目標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)和相互關(guān)系，所以文章主要講的是生活中不同種類的目標(biāo)，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“生活是動(dòng)態(tài)的”只是文中關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)的一個(gè)小方面；B選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該設(shè)定長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)”不全面，文章還介紹了短期和中期目標(biāo)；D選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)的局限性”也只是文章的一部分內(nèi)容。題目30Whichofthefollowingst