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2026年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí):選擇型閱讀解題技巧講義

目錄

一、題型概述...............................................3

二、解題步驟...............................................3

三、考試清單...............................................4

考點(diǎn)①細(xì)節(jié)理解題........................................4

考法1直接信息題......................................4

考法2間接信息題......................................5

考法3細(xì)節(jié)排序題......................................6

考點(diǎn)②推理判斷題高頻....................................9

考法1針對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷...........................10

考法2推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、感情色彩、語(yǔ)氣、傾向、

性格/品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)等......................................12

考法3推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展(新考法).....................14

考法4推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象.........................16

考法5推斷寫作意圖...................................18

考點(diǎn)③詞義猜測(cè)題高頻...................................20

考點(diǎn)④主旨大意題高頻...................................27

—1—

考點(diǎn)⑤標(biāo)題歸納題高頻.....................................31

考點(diǎn)⑥代詞指代題(高頻).................................35

考點(diǎn)⑦文章結(jié)構(gòu)題(新考法)...............................36

考點(diǎn)⑧句子還原題(新考法)...............................39

考點(diǎn)⑨寫作手法題(新考法)...............................42

考點(diǎn)⑩圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題(新考法)...............................43

-2-

一、題型概述

選擇型閱讀主要考查學(xué)生通過文章獲取信息、分析信息和處理信

息的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。研究近年中考題發(fā)現(xiàn),除了涉及傳統(tǒng)的細(xì)節(jié)

理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題等考點(diǎn)外,逐漸增加

了新考點(diǎn)的考查比例,如文章結(jié)構(gòu)題、句子還原題、寫作手法題、圖

文轉(zhuǎn)換題、跨學(xué)科綜合題等,這更加注重對(duì)學(xué)生思維能力的考查。

二、解題步驟

(1)通讀全文,把握主題。

通讀時(shí)要關(guān)注文章標(biāo)題,語(yǔ)篇的首尾段和各段的首尾句;要迅速

抓住每段文本中的關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ),厘清文章結(jié)構(gòu),弄清文章中的人物、

時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、原因、經(jīng)過(即五個(gè)W:who、when、where>what、

why和一個(gè)H:how)等要素,了解作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖,把握文章主題。

(2)根據(jù)試題,再讀重點(diǎn)。

在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)每道題目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)剖析,結(jié)合上下

文,標(biāo)注解題的關(guān)鍵信息。有時(shí)需要運(yùn)用邏輯思維進(jìn)行推理。

(3)排除干擾,確定答案。

對(duì)選擇型閱讀理解題目中所給的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)要認(rèn)真對(duì)比,仔細(xì)鑒別。

對(duì)于某些干擾選項(xiàng),要細(xì)讀全文,分析與問題相關(guān)的詞匯、段落。采

取排除法,集中精力解決難點(diǎn),確定答案。

-3-

三、考試清單

考點(diǎn)①細(xì)節(jié)理解題

考點(diǎn)②推理判斷題

考點(diǎn)③詞義猜測(cè)題

考點(diǎn)④主旨大意題

考點(diǎn)⑤標(biāo)題歸納題

考點(diǎn)⑥代詞指代題

考點(diǎn)⑦文章結(jié)構(gòu)題(新考法)

考點(diǎn)⑧句子還原題(新考法)

考點(diǎn)⑨寫作手法題(新考法)

考點(diǎn)⑩圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題(新考法)

考點(diǎn)①細(xì)節(jié)理解題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的

主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、

地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(why)、結(jié)果、數(shù)據(jù)等。主要分三類:直接信息

題、間接信息題、細(xì)節(jié)排序題。此類試題大多可以在文章中找到與答

案有關(guān)的信息或是其變體。

考法1直接信息題

方法

關(guān)鍵信息定位法:

—4—

Step1通過題干信息確定關(guān)鍵信息,如與人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間

等相關(guān)的名詞、動(dòng)詞或句子。

Step2在原文中查尋關(guān)鍵詞原詞(或派生詞、近/反義詞)所在句

子,并細(xì)讀相關(guān)句子。

Step3比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和原文細(xì)節(jié),確定答案。

例(2024天津中考節(jié)選)

Inthemorning,DanielandPeterfinishedtheirbreakfastquickly.They

putontheirschooluniforms(校服),tooktheirschoolbagsandwalked

quicklytothebusstop.Theyhadtowaitfortheirschoolbusasusual.They

waitedforhalfanhourbutthebusdidn'tcome.Thetwobrotherswere

startingtogetworried.Theydidnotwanttobelateforschool.

HowdidDanielandPeterfeelwhentheirschoolbusdidn'tcome?

A.Angry.B.Excited.C.Lonely.D.Worried.

解題思路

根據(jù)題干中的feel和"whentheirschoolbusdidn'tcome"可以定

位到第四、五句"Theywaitedforhalfanhourbutthebusdidn't

come.Thetwobrotherswerestartingtogetworried.",由此可知他們的感

受是“擔(dān)憂的",故選Do

考法2間接信息題

方法

轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)信息法:

—5—

Step1閱讀題干,確定關(guān)鍵信息。

Step2在原文中找到相關(guān)句子,然后將原文信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換。注

意選項(xiàng)與原文間的語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換,如同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)、圖

文轉(zhuǎn)換等。

Step3對(duì)比原文轉(zhuǎn)換后的信息與選項(xiàng),確定答案。

例(2024安徽中考節(jié)選)

Thereareabout8,000millionpeoplelivingonourplanet,butsomeof

themdon'thaveenoughfood.Lastyear,morethan820millionpeople

suffered(遭受)fromhunger.That'ssad.What'smore,itshouldn'tbea

problemsincetheworldwastesabout930milliontonsoffoodeachyear.

Howmanypeoplesufferedfromhungerlastyear?

A.Over820million.

B.About930million.

C.Over7,180million.

D.About8,000million.

解題思路

根據(jù)題干中的"peoplesufferedfromhunger""lastyear"可定位到

第二句"Lastyear,morethan820millionpeoplesufferedfromhunger."。

morethan與over同義,表示"多于"o故選A。

考法3細(xì)節(jié)排序題

方法

-6-

首尾定位法

Step1找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作,縮小選擇范圍。

Step2對(duì)比縮小范圍后的選項(xiàng),找出其區(qū)別,然后在文中尋找相關(guān)

內(nèi)容;根據(jù)文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò),結(jié)合表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的連詞或副詞判斷事件

發(fā)展的先后順序。

Step3選出正確的順序后與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比、復(fù)查,從而確定正確答

案。

例(2024云南中考)

Natureisamazing!Takeacloselookattheworldofinsects(昆蟲),

andyou'lldiscovermanyunbelievablethings.Considerbutterflies,for

example.Theyhavebeautiful,colorfulwings,andstrong,fantasticflying

skills.Onsummerdays,youalwaysseethemflyingfreelyoverflower

gardensandwildfields.

But,didyouknowhowbutterfliesbecometheflyinginsects?It'sone

oftheamazingwondersofnature.Inthebeginning,femalebutterflieslaya

smallandcolorfuleggonaleaforstem(莖)ofaplant.

It'shardtobelievethattheeggwillbecomesomethingcompletely

differentinafewdays.Itbecomesawalkinginsect.Thisinsectiscalled

caterpillar.Itnowhaslegs,eyesandalargebody.Anewlifehasbegun.The

caterpillarcaneat,walkandsee.Butitisstillnotabutterfly.

Soon,aftergrowingbig,thecaterpillarmakesacoverforitself.lt

coversitselfintheniceprotectiveblanket(保護(hù)層)andgoestosleep.

—7—

Thisstageisknownasthe"pupa(蛹)"stage.

Afteraperiodoftime,theblanketbreaksandawet,weakbutterfly

appears.ltnowhassixlegs,amouth,eyesandwings.Shortly,thewingsfill

withblood,andthebeautiful,colorfulbutterflyspreadsitswingsandflies

away.

Afterafewweeks,thisadultbutterflylayshereggs,andthecycle

beginsalloveragain.

Thisisjustoneexampleofthewondersofnature.Lookaroundthe

naturalworld,andyouwilllearnmanytrulyamazingthings.

Whatistherightorderofthedevelopmentprocess(發(fā)育過程)ofa

butterfly?

?Itbecomesapupa.

②Itbecomesawalkinginsect.

③Femalebutterflieslayanegg.

@Itspreadswingsandfliesaway.

A.①一②—③一④

B.①7②一④T③C.③T②7①T④

D.③—>(2)—>①

解題思路根據(jù)第二段最后一句中"Inthebeginning,female

butterflieslayasmallandcolorfuleg"可知,③為第一個(gè)步驟,可排除選

項(xiàng)A、B,再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中"thebeautiful,colorfulbutterflyspreads

itswingsandfliesaway"可知④為最后一個(gè)步驟,可排除選項(xiàng)D,故

——8——

考點(diǎn)②推理判斷題高頻

推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力,即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章

的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理、判斷。此類試題難度較大,涉及面較廣,如推

斷人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)尾、故事的寓意、文章的出處、文章

的體裁、作者的傾向和態(tài)度等。

做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容,在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含

意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁,透過字里行間去體會(huì)作者

的“弦外之音”,力求從作者的角度出發(fā),不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。

推理判斷題的設(shè)問方式一般有:

1.針對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷

①Whatcanweinferfromthe...paragraph?

②Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothe

passage?

③Whichofthefollowingstatementdoesthepassagesupport?

@Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

2.推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、感情色彩、語(yǔ)氣、傾向、性格/品

質(zhì)特點(diǎn)等

①Howdid...feelwhen...?

②Howdidsb.'sfeelingschange?

③Whichword(s)canbestdescribe...?

——9——

@Theauthorwritesthetextprobablyinatone(語(yǔ)氣).

@Whatisthewriter'sopinion/attitude(態(tài)度)towardsthetopic?

3.推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展(新考法)

?Whatdoyouthinkhappenedlateraccordingtothestory?

②Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

③Whatwillthewritertalkaboutinthenextparagraph?

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象

?Wheredoyouprobablyreadthepassage?

②Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

③Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?

@Whoisthetextwrittenfor?

⑤Whomightbeveryinterestedinthepassage?

5.推斷寫作意圖

?The(writer'smain)purposeofwritingthispassageisto.

②Theauthorwrotethearticlemainlyto.

③Thepassagemainlyhelpsusto.

@Thepassageiswrittento.

@Whatisthewriter'spurposeof7inwritingthispassage/thetext?

@What'sthepurposeofthetext/materialabove?

考法1針對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷

方法

—10—

Stepl確定題干關(guān)鍵詞,對(duì)照關(guān)鍵詞在文中定位相關(guān)線索;

Step2抓住原文關(guān)鍵信息,以全文/段主旨和中心為依據(jù),仔細(xì)推

敲其內(nèi)在含義。

。注意

①若某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與原文一致,屬于同義替換,則為正確選

項(xiàng);②若某選項(xiàng)表達(dá)內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合,而文中并未涉及,則屬于錯(cuò)

誤選項(xiàng);③與原文相?;蛘咔馕囊?,也非正確選項(xiàng)。

例(2024山東日照中考節(jié)選)

SincewecannotavoidChatGPTandotherAl-poweredappsfrom

enteringthefieldofeducation,weshouldmakeeffortstomakesurethey

haveapositiveimpact(積極影響)onsocietyandthefutureofeducation.AI

helpstomakelearningmuchmoreinterestingandenjoyable,buthumans

needtoworkveryhardtowintheracewithtechnology.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.AIappsstillhavealongwaytogo.

B.Humanswillbeleftbehindbytechnology.

C.ThefutureofeducationdependsonAIapps.

D.AImustbemadegooduseofineducation.

解題思路由題干中的lastparagraph定位到文章最后一段。根據(jù)第

一句中"weshouldmakeeffortstomakesuretheyhaveapositiveimpact

onsocietyandthefutureofeducation"可推知,在教育中必須確保人工智

能發(fā)揮積極影響。D選項(xiàng)與該句意思一致,故選D。

—11—

考法2推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、感情色彩、語(yǔ)氣、傾向、性格/

品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)等

方法

做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下4點(diǎn):

①看清楚題干中提問的是作者還是文中人物對(duì)某件事的態(tài)度,再

定位關(guān)鍵信息并進(jìn)行分析;

②利用文中描寫環(huán)境或表達(dá)感情色彩、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)或句子推

斷作者/人物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度;

③利用文中相關(guān)人物的話語(yǔ)或行為判斷其觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度;

④切勿用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。

表達(dá)情感的形容詞:pleased高興的,regretful后悔的,nervous緊

張的,hopeful充滿希望的,proud自豪的,thankful感激的,surprised

驚訝的,sorry歉疚的,excited興奮的,afraid害怕的,worried擔(dān)心的,

upset沮喪的,angry生氣的,interested感興趣的,bored厭倦的,troubled

煩惱的,shocked震驚的,lucky幸運(yùn)的,enjoyable愉快的,tired疲憊

的,painful痛苦的,embarrassed尷尬的

表達(dá)人物性格/品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的形容詞:humorous幽默的,serious嚴(yán)肅

的,gentle溫柔的,brave勇敢的,outstanding外向的,honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的,

independent獨(dú)立的,wise明智的,active積極的,patient有耐心的,polite

有禮貌的,energetic有活力的,creative有創(chuàng)意的,calm冷靜的,strict

嚴(yán)格的

表達(dá)態(tài)度的形容詞:positive肯定的、積極的,supportive支持的,

-12-

optimistic樂觀的,confident自信的,negative否定的、消極的,passive

消極的,doubtful懷疑的,objective客觀的,neutral中立的,indifferent

不關(guān)心的

例(2024江西中考)

ABrightIdea

EvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomework

bythelightofakerosenelamp(煤油燈).Evans'eyeshurtandthismade

studyingdifficult.ltwascommoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschool

forthisreason..sotheyremainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.

Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentand

wenttoauniversity.Hecontinuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythis

time,herealizeditwasnotjustbadforschoolchildrenbutforthewhole

family.First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelightcanhurt

people'seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,

sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.ltwasdifficulttocomeupwitha

differentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.Yet

Evansdidnotgiveup.

Oneday,hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar(太陽(yáng)能的)

light.Sunlightisfreeandsolarpowerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evans

builthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.Hebegantobuildmorelampsand

sentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovided

moneyforhimtobuildmoresolarlamps.

-13-

Eachlamponlycost$20,However,thiswasalotofmoneytomany

villagers,whoonlyearnedaround$34aweek,soEvansmadesurehekept

thecostdown.First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next,volunteersbuilt

thelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohis

team,sothelampswereusuallyfree.

Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,

"ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlight

tocook."Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.

WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Polite,talentedandhumorous.

B.Quiet,smartandhonest.

C.Humorous,cleverandfriendly.

D.Hard-working,lovingandcreative.

解題思路

推斷品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。題干問的是Evans的特點(diǎn)。由第二段第一句可知,

Evans學(xué)習(xí)很勤奮;由Evans想盡辦法降低太陽(yáng)能燈的價(jià)格,想讓多數(shù)

村民都用得起可知,他很有愛心;由Evans發(fā)明太陽(yáng)能燈可知,他很有

創(chuàng)造力,故選D。

考法3推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展(新考法)

方法

Stepl閱讀全文,把握文章的主旨大意,梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu),推斷作者

—14—

的思路;

Step2仔細(xì)閱讀文中需續(xù)寫部分前面的句子,找出提示后文發(fā)展的

語(yǔ)句,然后順著文章情節(jié)發(fā)展或邏輯順序做出準(zhǔn)確推斷;

Step3結(jié)合備選項(xiàng),選出正確答案。

例(2024浙江寧波中考節(jié)選)

Aswebeganourtask,Mr.JohnsonturnedontheCDplayer.Thelively

musicmadetheroomfeellikeaparty.Someofusstartedsingingalongwith

themusic,othersweredancingaroundtheirdeskswhiletheywerecleaning

themout.EvenMr.Johnsonshowedusafewdancesteps,making

everyonelaughheartily.Afterwefinishedcleaning,someoneasked,

"Whenisbreaktime?"Mr.Johnsontookoutsomeballsandstartedplaying

withthem.Suddenly,helettheballsdropandsaid,"Breaktimestarts..now!

I!

Justaswewereabouttorushout,ourheadmaster,Mrs.Miller,

appearedatthedoor."Mr.Johnson!"shecriedout.Amomentofsilence

fellovertheroomaswethought,"Mr.Johnsonmightbein

trouble."However,tooursurprise,Mrs.Millercouldn'thelpbutlaughatthe

sightandleftustoenjoyourbreak.

Duringbreaktime,Mr.Johnsonsurpriseduswithanothertreat.He

wenttothecafeandcamebackwithicecreamsforeveryone.Weall

cheeredforhim!

Aswewalkedbacktotheclassroom,wepassedMrs.Miller's

—15—

office.Someonejoked,"Don'tplaywiththeicecreams,Mr.Johnson!"

Wealllaughedtogether...

Whichofthefollowingmostprobablyhappenedattheendofthe

story?

A.Thestudentswentbackhomehappily.

B.Mr.Johnsonbecameangrywiththestudents.

C.Thestudentsstillhadareadingtest.

D.Mrs.Millercameoutrunningafterthestudents.

解題思路

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,這一天大家在學(xué)校里度過了愉快的時(shí)光。由

文章最后"Wealllaughedtogether.可知,學(xué)生們都很開心,因此A選

項(xiàng)”學(xué)生們開開心心地回家。”符合語(yǔ)境,故選A。

考法4推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象

方法

1.推斷文章出處:結(jié)合選項(xiàng)所涉及的各類文體的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)及文章主

要內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推斷。

newspaper/newsreport:時(shí)效性強(qiáng)

advertisement/ad:產(chǎn)品、電影、演出等的介紹

travelguide:旅游景點(diǎn)介紹

sciencereport/studyreport:科普知識(shí)、研究結(jié)果介紹

letter/e-mail:有特定的書信/郵件格式

—16—

poem:有明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)和韻律

diary:有寫作日期、天氣等,記錄事件或感受

magazine:內(nèi)容豐富、專題性強(qiáng),文章通常為某一專題

website:文章中有click、online>web、website等詞或網(wǎng)址

2.推斷文章讀者對(duì)象:注意表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的人物關(guān)系描述;由your....

確定文章讀者,常見讀者有teachers、students、parents、teenagers、

neighbors、customers等。

例(2023江蘇連云港中考)

Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshining

againafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejust

right.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andwe

needthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausea

rainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.

Thelightthatcomesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhite

lightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoes

througharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.

Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent"wavelength”(波

長(zhǎng)).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballs

ofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis"refraction"(折

射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelight

hitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengths

outintotheirdifferentcolors.

—17—

Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,

indigoandviolet.Butthisisn'texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeach

otherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueand

green).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren'tnexttoeachother

intherainbow,sowedon'tseethemmixtomakebrown.

Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatwesee

whenthere'snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthe

colorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhite

lightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.

Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?

A.Science.B.Health.C.Culture.D.Fashion.

解題思路根據(jù)全文可知,本文主要介紹了彩虹的相關(guān)科學(xué)知識(shí),

所以文章應(yīng)該來(lái)自雜志的科學(xué)部分,故選A。

考法5推斷寫作意圖

方法

1.分析文體特點(diǎn)

①記敘文:totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertainreaders;

②說明文:tointroduce/toexplainathing;

③議論文:toargue/toprove/toshowapoint;

④應(yīng)用文:tosellaproduct/toattractvisitors/topersuadereaders。

2.解讀寫作手法

—18-

①提出問題/介紹與主題有關(guān)的事物,答案一般含有tobring

in/introduce等詞;

②舉例或引用某人的話,答案一般含有tosupport/show等詞。

3.尋找寫作主旨

一般需重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主題句,抓

住文章主旨,然后由主旨來(lái)推斷寫作目的。

例(2024湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考)

Itiscommonlybelievedthatchildrenaretooyoungtofullyappreciate

(理解)theexperienceandknowledgeoftheirelders,whilemanythink

thatoldpeopledon'tunderstandtheyoung.Butactually(事實(shí)上),both

groupshavealottolearnfromeachother.

JamesSmithrunstheSmith'sCareHomeinmycity.Itismainlyan

organization(機(jī)構(gòu))forservingtheelderly.Butnotallofitsvisitorsare

oldpeople.Thehomealsoincludesachildcarecenterforpre-school

kids.Thereisaplaygroundinthecarehome,wheretheelderlycanplay

withthekids.Inthisway,theycanlearnmoreabouteachother,andrespect

(尊重)andunderstandoneanother.

Isupposethisisquiteaninterestingidea.Foronething,weliveina

worldwheretherearemoreandmoreoldpeople.Theworldisfacingthis

problemanditspopulationages.Itwillbeimportantforyoungpeopletobe

abletounderstandandcarefortheelderlyinthecomingyears.

Regretfully,myowngrandparentsweren'taroundwhenIwaslittle,

—19-

astheyhadalreadypassedaway.Inevergottolearnwhattheworldwas

likethroughtheireyes,orwhatkindsofproblemstheymighthavefaced

whentheyweremyage.Tome,theirliveswillalwaysbeamystery-hard

tounderstandorexplain.

However,IthinkIcanstilllearnfromotherpeopleofolder

generations(輩).Imightfindsomeoftheirideasoutofdate,andthey

mightbelievethatmygeneration'swayofthinkingisstrangeor

incorrect.Butwecanstilllearnfromeachotheranyway.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.Toexplainwhytheworld'spopulationages.

B.Toencouragedifferentgenerationstolearnfromeachother.

C.Toshowthatoldergenerations'waysofthinkingareincorrect.

解題思路

由第一段最后一句"Butactually,bothgroupshavealottolearn

fromeachother."及最后一段最后一句"Butwecanstilllearnfromeach

otheranyway."可知,本文的主要目的是鼓勵(lì)各代人之間互相學(xué)習(xí)。故

選B。

考點(diǎn)③詞義猜測(cè)題高頻

常見的設(shè)題方式有:

①Theunderlinedwordinthe...paragraphmeans/refersto?

?Accordingtothepassage,...probablymeans?

-20-

③Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlined

word?

@What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?

方法1

根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義:

①下定義:be、mean、referto>becalled/named>namely>thatis>

beconsidered等詞/短語(yǔ)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面的注解性說明,相當(dāng)于對(duì)

前面的詞語(yǔ)下定義;

②同位語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)從句:同位語(yǔ)(從句)是對(duì)其前內(nèi)容的解釋說明;

③定語(yǔ)從句(尤其注意which/who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句);

④標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào):注意破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容以及引號(hào)或括號(hào)

中的內(nèi)容;

例(2022湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考節(jié)選)

(Para.2)However,theseenjoyablephotosandvideoshidethe

damage(損害)thattheonlinetradeisdoingtootters(水獺).Infact,

wildottersarefacingmanythreats-theyhavelongbeenhunted(獵殺)for

theircoats;insomeplaces,fishermenhavebeenkillingottersinorderto

stopthemfromeatingfish;andnow,theonlinepettradehasbecome

anotherbigproblemforotters.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"threats

"meaninParagraph2?

A.機(jī)遇B.威脅C.選擇

解題思路

-21-

破折號(hào)的功能之一是解釋說明,故畫線詞與下文"theyhavelong

been..forotters"表達(dá)的意思相同,即"威脅",故選B。

方法2

根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義。舉例常用語(yǔ)有forexample、forinstance>such

as、like、including等,有時(shí)不會(huì)直接出現(xiàn)舉例常用語(yǔ),這時(shí)候要注

意判斷畫線詞后的句子是否為例子。

例(2024湖北武漢中考節(jié)選)

(Para.2)★.Whenhewasaround4or5,healwayslovedto

watchdifferentinsects,especiallybeautifulswallowtails(鳳蝶).One

interestingfacthelearnedaboutswallowtailswasthattheirbrightcolors

warnedhungryanimalsthattheytastedbad.Anditwasalsofuntowatch

howtheycameintobeing.Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththem

wasthattheywereveryaccessible.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoattract

(吸弓I)swallowtails,youplantedsomezinnias,akindofbrightflower.

Theunderlinedword"accessible"inparagraph2means"

A.dangeroustofeedB.easytogetcloseto

C.hardtoraiseD.safetoreach

解題思路由畫線詞后的Forexample可知,后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)畫線詞

的舉例說明。"ifyouwantedtoattractswallowtails,youplantedsome

zinnias..."說明鳳蝶是"容易接近的故選B。

方法3

根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。表因果關(guān)系的常用語(yǔ)有because,since.

-22-

for、so、sothat等。

例(2024湖南懷化中考節(jié)選)

(Para.2)ButHenryleavesAntarctica.Atfirst,heissohappybecause

thewaterisstillcoldandeverythingoutsideofAntarcticaisdifferentand

beautiful.Buthedoesn'tknowhismotherisfollowinghim.Asheswims

fartheraway,hefindsthatthewateriswarmerandwarmer.Andhefeels

exhausted,sohehastostophistrip.Heisafraidanddoesn'tknowwhatto

do.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exhausted"mean?

A.疲勞的B.興奮的C.羞愧的

解題思路根據(jù)本段中"Asheswimsfartheraway,hefindsthatthe

wateriswarmerandwarmer."可知,它游至了很遠(yuǎn)的地方,結(jié)合后面的

"sohehastostophistrip"可知,它應(yīng)是感到疲憊不堪,所以才不得不停

止旅行。故選A。

方法4

根據(jù)并列/同義/近義或反義等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。具體方法如下:

表并列/同義/近義:①注意由and、or連接的詞組,如happyand

delighted,通過happy可猜測(cè)delighted意為"愉快的②注意在進(jìn)

一步解釋的過程中使用的同義或近義詞。

表反義:①注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but、while,

however等;②注意與not搭配的或表否定意義的短語(yǔ)。

例1(2024廣東廣州中考節(jié)選)

-23-

(Para.2)ForMary,shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn't

looktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasa

machine-person.Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinks

usersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobot

facesdon'tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecan

enjoycommunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans,

becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofa

robot'sbody,andwewillseeaface.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"creepy"meaninparagraph2?

A.Uncomfortabletolookat.

B.Impossibletotouch.

C.Boringtotalkto.

D.Difficulttounderstand.

解題思路

根據(jù)并列關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的andfeelafraid可推知,

creepy的意思應(yīng)與"讓人害怕的"相近,選項(xiàng)A"看起來(lái)不適"符合語(yǔ)

境,故選Ao

例2(2024四川成都中考節(jié)選)

GroupA:

Weliveinafast-developingworldandusingsnailmailis

unnecessary.Makingpaperuseslotsofenergyandsomecardsarehardto

recycle.It'sbadfortheenvironment.What5smore,cardsareexpensiveto

—24—

buyandsoisposting.Nowadays,weusuallyuseourphonesandcomputers

becausetheyarequick,easyandfree.Traditionalcardsandlettersareoutof

date.Theyarenotyoungpeople'scupoftea.It'snosurprisethatmostof

themendupaslitter.

Whichpicturecanshowthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsnail?

解題思路根據(jù)反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的"Weliveina

fast-developingworld"可知我們生活在一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的世界,由

unnecessary判斷畫線詞表示的含義與"快速發(fā)展"相反,三幅圖片中蝸

牛移動(dòng)速度很慢,符合題意,故選A。

方法5

根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。主要分為兩類:

①派生法:在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞,

通過詞根及前綴或后綴的意義,就可猜出新單詞的意思。

②合成法:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的單詞合成一個(gè)新單詞,通過每

個(gè)獨(dú)立單詞的詞義,就可猜出新單詞的意思。

例(2024重慶中考A節(jié)選)

(Para.5)UptillnowtheKinghadbeentalkinginatiresomeway,

whichmadeitquiteclearthathewasn'treallyinterestedinwhattheywere

saying,buthesuddenlygaveCaspianasharp(銳利的)look.

-25-

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tiresome"inParagraph5mean?

A.Fantastic.

B.Boring.

C.Funny.

D.Wrong.

解題思路

tirev.厭煩,厭倦;-some為形容詞后綴,意為"引起(或易于)...

的",由此可猜測(cè)tiresome表示"令人厭煩的",與boring同義,故選

Bo

方法6

根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。在閱讀有關(guān)日常生活或大家比較熟悉的

事物的文章時(shí),我們可以利用科普知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)等來(lái)推測(cè)有些生詞

的含義。

例(2024河南中考節(jié)選)

Hereishowbicycle-poweredenergyworksWhenastudentpedalsthe

bike,thebackwheelspins.Thewheelspinsthegenerator.Thegenerator

produceselectricity.Aslongasastudentpedalsthebicycle,electricity

movesthroughthegenerator.Theelectricitycanbeusedrightaway.This

energycanalsobestoredandusedlater.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spins"meaninthetext?

A.Fallsdownsuddenly.

B.Breaksupcompletely.

-26-

C.Movesupanddownslowly.

D.Turnsroundandroundquickly.

解題思路畫線詞所在句"Whenastudentpedalsthebike,theback

wheel...”意為"當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生踩自行車踏板,后輪……%根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可

推測(cè),畫線詞的意思為“快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”。故選D。

考點(diǎn)④主旨大意題高頻

文章/段落大意類試題要求考生在閱讀和理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文

章段落或全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答這類題目時(shí),不能只

憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)就斷章取義。主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式一般有:

?Whatdoesthetext/Paragraph...mainlytellus?

(DWhat'sthemainideaofthetext/Paragraph...?

③Whatdoesthetext/Paragraph...explain?

@Whatlessondoesthetextteach?

?Whichofthefollowingquestionsisansweredinthepassage?

方法

找主題句。主題句常見的位置如下:

①主題句出現(xiàn)在文/段首。第一句點(diǎn)明主題,隨后用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋、

論證或發(fā)展主題思想。

②主題句出現(xiàn)在文/段尾。文章/段落先闡述細(xì)節(jié),然后歸納要點(diǎn),

最后得出結(jié)論,概括主題。

③主題句隱含在全文/全段當(dāng)中,沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的

-27-

文章,要根據(jù)文章/段落的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析,概括出文章/段落的主題。

。注意

主旨大意題容易出現(xiàn)以下幾種錯(cuò)誤:

1.以偏概全:只抓住了主題的一個(gè)方面就誤以為是主題。

2.過于籠統(tǒng):歸納的主題太寬泛,與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以

充分論證。

3.主觀臆斷:讀者根據(jù)自己的想法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的

見解。

4.放大或縮小文章的主題。

例1(2024安徽中考節(jié)選)

(Para.2)Althoughfarmingwasnewtohim,Gilltookthechallenge

andhisexperienceshelpedhimwritehisbookAceandtheAnimal

Heroes.ThestoryfollowsAce,whoselifechangesgreatlywhenhemoves

tothecountryside.Aftertryingonapairofmagicalwellies(長(zhǎng)筒靴),Ace

realizeshecanspeaktotheanimals,whomakeuptheirmindstoprotect

thefarm.

What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Gill'sfarm.B.Gill'sfamily.

C.Gill'sbook.D.Gill'sanimals.

解題思路

主題句在段首。"Althoughfarmingwasnewtohim,Gilltookthe

challengeandhisexperienceshelpedhimwritehisbookAceandthe

—28-

AnimalHeroes."為本段主題句,由此可知,本段主要講Gill的書。故

選C。

例2(2024江蘇揚(yáng)州中考節(jié)選)

(Para.1)Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinbiodiversity

protection.Buildinganationalparksystemisoneofthegreatestjobsthat

Chinahasdonesofar.InOctober2021,China'sfirstfivenationalparks

weredesignated(認(rèn)定).Theyarehometonearly30%oftheearth'skey

wildlifespecies(物種)foundinChina,coveringaprotectedlandareaof

230,000squarekilometers.Thistablewillinformy

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