Unit2TheUnitedKingdom-語(yǔ)法篇

i.學(xué)會(huì)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法；

2.理解作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系

3.能夠使用過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的情況作對(duì)相關(guān)題目，靈活使用。

過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系

1.及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）的過(guò)去分詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)即是過(guò)去分詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分

詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

例如：Iwanttheletterposted.我想把這封信寄出去。

2.少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞如go,change,fall等的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，僅表示動(dòng)作完成。因此，賓語(yǔ)

與過(guò)去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

例如：Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.在回家的路上，她發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見(jiàn)了。

3.動(dòng)詞seat,hide,dress,lose,devote等的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般表示狀語(yǔ)而不表示被動(dòng)的意義,

因此，雖然賓語(yǔ)與它們存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但也只能用它們的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

例如：WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecomer.我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生的女孩坐在

角落里。

需用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況：

1.使役動(dòng)詞get,have,make,keep,leave等后，可用過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表:“致使某人或某事被...”

Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.

Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentisfs.

2.感官動(dòng)詞feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞之后，表：“感受到某人或

某事被做”。

IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.

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Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.

Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.

3.表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞如：like,order,want,wish,相當(dāng)于過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)前省略了tobe,表示“希

望/要求某人或某事被做”

Iwishtheseletters（tobe）typedassoonaspossible

Hedidn'twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.

Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.

1感feel1聞smell1發(fā)現(xiàn)find

2聽(tīng)hear,listento,

3情感want,wish,like

4使役keep,leave,get,have,make

4看watch,notice,see,lookat,observe,catch+sth./sb.done

4.有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)過(guò)去分詞改作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處

的狀態(tài)。

Thedoorwasfoundbroken.

5-with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中

作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)。例如：

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）

注意：

在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為某一身體部位，且作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，身體部位通常是過(guò)去分詞

的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，因而過(guò)去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.

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她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他（fixone^eyeson為固定短語(yǔ)，因此，不可將句中fixed換為fixing）

Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。

用某些不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。

Shefeltherheartbeatingfast,她覺(jué)得心跳很快。（beat意為“心跳”，是不及物動(dòng)詞）

掌握“使役動(dòng)詞have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的幾種含義

在“have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，have也可用get.這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下

幾種含義：

1.意為“主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事”。例如：

Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。（“檢查”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來(lái)進(jìn)行）

2.意為“主語(yǔ)遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。例如：

Becareful,oryoullhaveyourhandshurt.當(dāng)心，否則會(huì)弄傷手的。

3.意為“使完成某事"，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語(yǔ)參與完成。例如：

Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墻漆了。（主語(yǔ)自己可能參與）

4.過(guò)去分詞與不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:三者與賓語(yǔ)邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他

們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。

Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.

Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.

Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.

省略to的情況：

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought外，oughtto）;

2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make;

3）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。

注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。

Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.

Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.

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1.LiHuahopesthathisEnglishteacherwillsuggestagoodwaytohavehisEnglishinashort

periodoftime.

A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve

2.Whentheministercametothesnow-strickenarea,hewashappytoseethedisastervictims

well.

A.takecareofB.tookcareofC.takencareofD.takingcareof

3.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.

A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused

4.Thegirlglancedoverhershoulderandfoundherselfbyayoungmaninblack.

A.wasfollowedB.followedC.followingD.hadbeenfollowed

5.Televisionhassomanyadvantages.Itkeepsusaboutthenews,anditalsoprovides

entertainmentinthehome.

A.informed;latestB.toknow;laterC.learning;laterD.tothink;latest

基礎(chǔ)演練

一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.TheteacherwillhaveNancy(clean)theclassroomtoday.

2.WhenIcamehere,Isawhim(read)anEnglishbook.

3.Thewomanwantedherhusband(examine)atonce.

4.1wanthim(finish)thehomeworkintime.

5.ThreefamousparksinandaroundLondonhadover1,400trees(blow)over.

6.Whathehadsaidmademe(surprise).

7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands(tie)behindhisback.

8.1waswonderingwhytheykeptthedoor(lock)forsuchalongtime.

二、完成句子

1.學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的老師們很忙。(形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

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Thestudents.

2.我非常抱歉讓你等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Fmsorrytosolong.

3.請(qǐng)別拘束。（介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Pleaseyourself.

4.當(dāng)他回到教室的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的課桌被挪動(dòng)了。（過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Whenhewentbacktotheclassroom,.

5.周圍種了許多漂亮的花，他的房子看上去就像一個(gè)花園。（過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeagarden.

鞏固提高

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealreadyforamealtobecooked.

A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid

2.Alexandertriedtogethisworkinthemedicalcircles.

A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized

3.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.

A.makingherselfhear

B.tomakeherselfhear

C.makingherselfheard

D.tomakeherselfheard

4.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweightoffhermind.

A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken

5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblemsoquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettled

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C.besettledD.settling

6.Thegirlglancedoverhershoulderandfoundherselfbyayoungmaninblack.

A.wasfollowedB.followed

C.followingD.hadbeenfollowed

7.Motherwasupsetthathersonwentouttoplaygames,leavinghishomework.

A.doneB.doingC.undoneD.do

8.1don'twantthechildrenoutinsuchweather.

A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking

9.Theykepttheireyesuponthescreenasanexcitingfootballmatchwastelevisedlive.

A.fixingB.tobefixedC.tofixD.fixed

10.Whenhiswifereturned,thehusbandnoticedherhairshort.

A.cuttingB.tobecutC.beingcutD.cut

11.Withallthemoney,themancan'taffordaticket.

A.stealedB.stolenC.stealingD.bestolen

12.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword.

A.speakingB.speakC.spokenD.tospeak

13.Totheirgreatfear,theyfoundintheheaviestsnowfalltheyhadeverhad.

A.theywerecatchingB.themselvescaught

C.theyhadcaughtD.themselvescatching

14.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrong

again.

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

15.1havehadmybike,andI'mgoingtohavesomebodymyradiotomorrow.

A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepaired

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C.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1.（2019.南平畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢）Weareallconvincedthattime,effectively,ismoneyinthebank.

A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use

2.Thoughhedidn'tgotocollege,hewontwogoldmedalsfoursilvermedals.

A.thanB.plusC.byD.beyond

3.Whatthedoctorsmostwasthattheycouldnotfindthecauseofthestrangedisease.

A.enjoyedB.puzzledC.chargedD.promised

4.1heardfrommymotherjustnowandIwasanxiousthelettertoreadit.

A.foldingB.unfoldingC.tounfoldD.tofold

5.Whathesaidagreateffectuponus.

A.haveB.doeshaveC.havingD.tohave

6.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes.

A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening

7.一I'msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhave.

一SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.

A.brokenupB.finishedupC.dividedupD.closedup

8.（2019?金華十校聯(lián)考）nottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,which

isreallydangerous.

A.BeingremindedB.ToremindC.HavingremindedD.Reminded

9.Johnplaysbasketball,ifnotbetterthan,David.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas

10.bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.

A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted

11.Heacceptedthesuggestionthatthetaskthenextday.

A.befinishedB.couldbefinished

C.wouldbefinishedD.willbefinished

12.Noonelikestoseehisfeelings,soGabrielOakturnedaway.

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A.laughatB.tobelaughedat

C.laughingatD.laughedat

13.therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernational

stars.

A.GivingB.Havinggiven

C.TogiveD.Given

14.Weallknowthat,,thesituationwillgetworse.

A.notifdealtcarefullywith

B.ifnotcarefullydealtwith

C.ifdealtnotcarefullywith

D.notifcarefullydealtwith

15.（2019.長(zhǎng)沙市南雅中學(xué)模擬）thathemightlosehisjob,Peteralwaysworksextrahoursto

pleasehisboss.

A.WorryingB.HavingworriedC.HavingbeenworriedD.Worried

16.Wehavegotwellpreparedforthe2019OlympicGames.I'msurethateveryonefromtheworldwill

havea（an）travelinBeijing.

A.enjoyfulB.pleasedC.enjoyableD.pleasing

17.（2019.皖南八校第三次聯(lián)考）Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggenerationofthe

currentaffairs.

A.informedB.beinginformedC.informingD.toinform

18.Becarefulnottoanyletterwhenyouspelltheword.

A.leaveoffB.leaveoutC.pickoutD.takeoff

19.Wewilltryourbesttosavethemoutifthereseemsanysignoflifeinthefallenbuildings.

A.tohaveB.tobeC.havecomeD.coming

20.（2019?東北四市模擬一）Theteacherwasabitsurprisedsincesheseldomsawarticlesinred

ink.

A.writeB.writingC.writtenD.tobewritten

二、完成句子

1.面對(duì)這樣困難的形勢(shì)，我們不知道該做什么。

____________________________________________,wedon'tknowwhattodo.

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2.山頂上有一棵古松。

anoldpintreeonthetopofthehill.

3.幾分鐘前他離開(kāi)家前往車站。

__________________________________________afewminutesago.

4.簡(jiǎn)的父親為她買了一輛新跑車，她為此感到自豪。

Jane'sfatherboughtheranewracecarand.

5.我沿著大街走時(shí)，聽(tīng)到有人喊我的名字。

_________________________________,Imyname.

一、閱讀理解

A

NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs：Manhattan,Brooklyn,Queens,theBronxandStatenIsland.

Thepopulationisabout7.5millionlivinginManhattan.Manhattan,thecenterofthecity,isonanisland

betweentheHudsonRiverandtheEastRiver.MostofthefamousbuildingssuchastheEmpireStateand

theUnitedNationsandotherskyscrapersareinManhattan.SomeofitsdistrictsareBroadway,whichhas

manytheatersandcinemas；theFifthAvenue,withstoresandapartments；GreenwichVillage,wheremany

artistsandwritershavelived；andCentralPark,withasmallzooandaskatingrink.FromManhattanyou

havetocrosstotheotherboroughsthroughatunneloroverabridge.ThebridgefromBrooklyntoStaten

Islandisthelongestintheworld.

NewYorkisthesecondlargestportintheworldandithastwoairports：KennedyInternationalfor

internationalflightsandLaGuaridiaforflightsinsidetheUSA.Itstemperaturegoesfromverycoldin

winter(sometimestwentydegreescentigradebelowzero)toveryhotinsummer(sometimes40degrees

centigrade).Thepeoplewholivetherecomefromallovertheworldandspeakmanydifferentlanguages；

thereare324Germansand390,000PolesaswellaspeoplefromGreece,Scotland,Ireland,Hungary,Italy

andRomania.Peoplecallonedistrict“LittleItaly“andanother"Chinatown”.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutManhattan?

A.ManhattanisintheeastofthecityofNewYork.

B.Therearelotsofhigh-risesinManhattan.

C.Manhattanisnotaplaceforartiststolivein.

D.ManhattanisconnectedtotheotherpartsofNewYorkbywayofhighways.

2.Ifyouwanttoseewonderfulplays,youshouldgoto.

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A.theFifthAvenue

B.CentralPark

C.Broadway

D.theEmpireStateBuilding

3.OnedistrictofNewYorkCityiscalled“Chinatown“because.

A.itispartofChinaandisadministeredbytheChinesegovernment

B.themaincitizenstherearemainlyfromChinatown

C.itisadistrictthathasalargenumberofChinesepeople

D.itisadistrictthatisfamousforChinamaking

4.IfyougofromItaly,youaresupposedtogettoNewYorkthroughAirport.

A.KennedyInternational

B.LaGuaridia

C.eitheroftheabovetwo

D.neitheroftheabovetwo

B

Iamwearingasmallredribbonthismorningtoremindmyselfandothersaroundmethattodayis

WorldAIDSDay.

Theredribbon,aninternationalsymbolofAIDSawareness,isgainingincreasingpublicrecognition

asmoreChinese,fromtopleaderstomoviestars,wearittoday.

GonewerethedayswhenthetopicofHIV/AIDSwasapublicandmediataboo(禁忌).Overthepast

fewyears,wehavewatched,readandheardmanystoriesfromdoctors,volunteersandpublichealth

officialsattheforefrontofHIV/AIDSpreventionandtreatment.

QuiteafewpeoplewithHIV/AIDShavecomeforwardtosharetheirexperiencesonTVorinthe

media.

Thelocalandcentralgovernmentshavebecomemoreforthcoming(behelpful)withtheirnew

preventionandtreatmentprograms，andfinancialinput.Thelatterrosefromlessthan1millionYuan

(USS121,000)in1986toapledgeof800millionYuan(US$98.8million)intheyearof2019.

Thechangefromsilencetopublicandmediacampaignswithofficialpromiseshasbeenremarkable,

especiallysinceChinabattledthrough