押湖北統(tǒng)考卷第21-25題閱讀理解之記敘文素材特點

①語篇：素材情境真實，且貼近學生的生活，B篇多以青少年的視角來構建文章，容易引起學生產生共鳴；

②文體：閱讀理解B為記敘文；

③詞數(shù)：300詞左右：④熟詞生義：根據(jù)素材情況，涉及熟詞生義；

2.設題特點

①設問形式：大部分是疑問句句形式呈現(xiàn)，每年3-5個問答式；

②設題形式：選項多以短語形式呈現(xiàn)、也會以單詞、句子形式呈現(xiàn)，句子多為簡單句。

③微技能：每年設置4種微技能，其中細節(jié)理解（每年1~3道），推理判斷（每年1-2道），主旨大意（每年1-2道），詞義猜測題（每年1-2道）。

命題趨勢

命題評估指出未來命題語篇類型大部分為記敘文，每年閱讀理解B篇為記敘文或說明文。2023年宜昌荊門十堰黃/孝/咸隨州襄陽恩施文體B記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文話題B著名人物敘事依舊敘事依舊勵志故事敘事依舊敘事依舊志愿服務微技能細節(jié)理解1232313推理判斷211112詞(組)義猜測11主旨大意11111預測：2024年統(tǒng)考省卷A篇是以記敘文呈現(xiàn)，設置5道題，主要從細節(jié)理解、推理判斷和主旨大意設置題干。（一）（2023年十堰市中考真題）Ihavean11-year-oldsonnamedPeter.Iknewthatplayingsportswouldbegoodtoourson.Hewouldgetsomeexercise,learnaboutteamworkandlearnsomephysicalskills.Wecontinuallyencouragedhimtohaveatry,butafterawhileitwasclearthathedidn’tliketeamsports,andtherewasnothingwecoulddotochangeit.Wedecidednottopushhimtotakepartinsports,eventhoughmostofhisfriendsdidsports.Astimewentby,wegraduallyrealizedthatwehadmadetherightdecision.Don’tmisunderstand(誤解)me.Ihavenothingagainstsports.Nowmysonisn’tinterestedinsports,butI’mnotpushinghimtodosports.Herearethereasons:IwanthimtoknowIaccepthimunconditionally.Idon’tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.Whetherhesucceedsorfails,hewillalwaysbemyson,andthatwillneverchange.Iwanthimtoformhisownpath(道路)inlife.Hispathdoesn’thavetobethesameasmine.Infact,webothhavesimilarinterestsinseveralareaslikemusic,computersandStarWars,butwe’realsodifferentinmanyways.Peterneedstobefreetogohisownpath.IwanthimtoknowthatIdon’tjudge(判斷)myworthbyhisachievements.Everyfatherwillfeelproudofhissonifhecanmakegreatachievements.Somostparentsalwayspushthemsohard.Sometimeswehaveseenourselvesindirectlythroughourownsons.Theirachievementsremindusofourwonderfuldaysinthepast.Wemustmakesurewedon’twanttomakeupfor(彌補)ourownregretsbypushingoursonstoclimbhigherandgofurtherthanwedid.1．Theadvantagesofdoingsportsdon’tinclude________.A．gettingsomeexercise B．gettingsomeexamskillsC．learningaboutteamwork D．learningsomephysicalskills2．Whatwasthewriter’sfinaldecision?A．Oursonmustmasterakindofsport.B．Heshoulddothesamethingashisfriends.C．Wedidn’tpushhimtodosportshedisliked.D．Wewouldpushhimtofindwhathewasgoodat.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unconditionally”mean?A．慎重地 B．無條件地 C．不耐煩地 D．猶豫地4．Howmanyreasonsdoesthefathergivefornotpushinghissontotakepartinsports?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.5．Whichsentencecanbestdescribethefatherinthispassage?A．Heisawiseandopen-mindedfather.B．Hedoesn’tcareabouthisson’sfuture.C．Heisbraveandknowswhentogiveup.D．Heisrichenoughtosupportthewholefamily.（二）（2023年宜昌市中考真題）ZhiNongwasborninasmalltowninYunnanProvince.Whenhewasyoung,hemovedtoKunmingwithhismother.Feelinglikeacaged(籠中的)birdinbigcity,hewasboredwiththebusyandnoisycitylifeandlookedforwardtonature.Hischancesooncame.In1983,hehelpedshootadocumentaryaboutbirds.Thatexperienceledhimtolearnphotographyandtakephotosofflyingbirds.Inthe1980s,theInternetwasnotthatpopularinChinaandcameraswereexpensive.Hemanagedtoborrowacameraandthrewhimselfintostudyinghowtouseit.Duringthattime,thelibrarybecamehisfavoriteplacewherehefirstreadsomemagazinesaboutnature.Itopenedadoorforhimtoconnectwithnature.In1992,aresearchprogramwasorganizedtoprotectatypeofunusualmonkeyswhichonlyliveinChina.Usuallythehomeofthesemonkeyshashalf-a-year-longwinters.ItcreatedgreatchallengesforZhiNong’swork,butheneverdrewback.“Ididn’tseethemonkeysinthewilduntilIwentintothemountainsthethirdtime,”saidZhiNong.Hewentintothesnowmountainssixtimesjusttogetvaluablephotographsofthemonkeys.Threeyearslater,hisworkswoninternationalprizes.PeoplearoundtheworldbegantopayattentiontotheprotectionofwildanimalsinChina.AndheisthefirstChinesewinneroftheworldWildlifePhotographeroftheYear.Inordertocalluptonsofpeopletoprotectwildlifewithcameras,hestarted“ChinaWildlifePhotographyTrainingCamp”.Hehopesthatmoreyoungpeoplewilljoininforthenatureprotection.6．WhatcanwelearnaboutZhiNongfromParagraph1?A．Hefeltlikeafreebird B．Hewassatisfiedwiththecitylife.C．HewasborninKunming. D．Hewouldliketoliveinthenature.7．WhichistherightorderofZhiNong’sexperience?a.Hewonsomeprizesintheworld.b.Hejoinedinshootingadocumentary.c.Hetooksomepicturesofmonkeys.d.Hesetupacamptotrainphotographers.A．a-b-c-d B．b-c-a-d C．c-a-d-b D．d-a-b-c8．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“drewback”meaninParagraph4?A．Gaveup. B．Grewup. C．Setout. D．Puton.9．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Adiary. B．Asurvey. C．Amagazine. D．aguidebook.10．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．APhotographer’sWayofProtectingNatureB．ADoorbetweenMagazinesandNatureC．DifficultiesofTakingWildlifePhotosD．WorldAttentiontoAnimalProtection（三）（2023年恩施中考真題）Bookshavegreatpower.Betweentheirpages,readerscantraveltoanyplaceandbecomeanyoneoranything.Unfortunately,manychildrenallovertheworlddon’thaveanybookstoread.MariaKeller,anAmericangirl,wantedtochangethatfact.WhenMariawasyoung,shelovedreading.Whenshewaseight,shenoticedthatsomeofherclassmatesdidn’treadasmuchasshedid.Sheaskedhermotherwhythatcouldbe,hermothersaidthattheywerenotabletoaffordbooks.Afterhearinghermother’swords,shedecidedtocreateanorganizationtohelpthosechildren.Withhermother’shelp,MariacreatedReadIndeed.Itisanon-profit(非盈利)organizationthatcollectsandgivesbookstochildreninneed.DuringtheearlystagesofReadIndeed,Mariasetthefirstgoal—tocollectandgiveonemillionbooks.Attheageof18,sheachievedthisgoal.Mariasays,“Icannotlivewithoutbooks.SoIjustcan’tgiveuphelpingthekidswhohavenobooks.”Shehasrecentlysetanewgoal—tocollectandgivebookstomorekidsinneedineverystateoftheUSA,andevenothercountriesintheworld.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatfact”referto?A．Manybooksareveryinteresting. B．Manychildrencan’ttraveltoanyplace.C．Manychildrendon’tlikereading. D．Manychildrenhavenobookstoread.12．WhohelpedMariawhenshecreatedReadIndeed?A．Hergrandparents.B．Hermother. C．Herfather. D．Herteacher.13．HowoldwasMariawhensheachievedherfirstgoal?A．Eight. B．Fourteen. C．Eighteen. D．Twenty-four.14．Maria’snewgoalisto________.A．makemoremoney B．collectandgivebookstomorekidsC．traveltomoreplaces D．createanotherorganization15．HowdoyoulikeMariaKeller?A．Sheishelpful.B．Sheishonest.C．Sheiseasy-going. D．Sheisshy.一把鑰匙開一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應該有一套針對性強的方法和技巧。（1）順藤摸瓜。記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我們作答細節(jié)題的時候，就沒有那么復雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。（2）左顧右盼。在做題過程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語或句子。這時我們需要認真研究問題，抓住題干中的關鍵詞語，然后到文中準確地找到與之相關的語句，或是疑似語句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。（3）刨根問底。如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實際上是同一類型的問題，或者說是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個可選項中，一個一個地去證實，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如“Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?”或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?”之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時還少不了借助自己的生活經驗和常理來體會這言外之意。（4）撥云見日。每年的中考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小的一個詞，一個短語，考核的不是你的語法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對文章通篇或者一個段落的整體把握和變通能力。這時，你不僅需要“左顧右盼”，還需要在幾句話，一個段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開團團迷霧，從四個選項中選出正確答案。（一）Inasmallvillagetherewasapostman.Whenhewastwentyyearsold,hestartedsendingallkindsofhappyorsadstoriestothevillagers’homesfiftykilometersawaydayafterday.Twentyyearsflewby,andmanychangestookplace,buttherewerestillnotreesalongtheroad,onlyflyingdust(塵土).“HowlongshallIgoalongthisdustyroad?”Assoonashethoughthehadtospendhisliferidingthebikeontheroadwithnoflowersortrees,hefeltverysad.Onedaywhenhefinishedsendingthelettersandwasreadytoreturn,hepassedbyaflowershop.“Right,that’sit!”Hewalkedintotheshop,boughtsomewildflowerseeds(種子),andthenextdayhebegantodroptheseseedsalongtheroad.Afteroneday,twodays,onemonth,twomonths...healwayskeptdroppingthewildflowerseeds.Afterlong,alotoflittleflowerscameoutalongtheroad,blooming(開花)inallseasons.Forthevillagers,theflowersandthesweetsmellweremorepleasantthananylettersthepostmansentinallhislife.Ontheroadwithoutdustbutfullofpetals(花瓣),thepostmanrodehisbikehappily.Heneverfeltlonelyoranxiousanymore.1．Howoldwasthepostmanwhenhestartedhisjob?A．Aboutthirtyyearsold. B．Abouttwentyyearsold.C．Overfortyyearsold. D．Overfiftyyearsold.2．Whatwastheroadlikebefore?A．Coveredwithflowers. B．Coveredwithtrees.C．Fullofflyingdust. D．Fullofseeds.3．Whatdidthepostmanbuyattheflowershop?A．Bikes. B．Wildflowers. C．Petals. D．Wildflowerseeds.4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thevillagersshowednointerestintheflowers.B．Thepostmanenjoyedtheroadfullofpetals.C．Thevillagershelpedbuytheflowerseeds. D．Thepostmanstillfeltlonelyintheend.5．Whatdoesthewriterwanttoexpressinthispassage?A．Littlethingsmakeabigdifference. B．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C．Practicemakesperfect. D．Oldhabitsdiehard.（二）Oncetherewasapooroldwomanwholivedalone.Sheusedtosellorangesontheroadsidetothesupermarket.Ayoungmanalwaysboughtorangesfromher.Whenevertheyoungmanboughtoranges,hewouldpickoneorangefromorangeshebought,tasteapieceofitandsaytotheoldwoman,“Itdoesn’ttastesweet...”Sayingthis,hewouldgivethatorangetotheoldwoman.Thentheoldwomanwouldtastethatorangeandsay,“But,it’ssweet.”Stilltheyoungmanwouldleavethatorangetherecomplaining(抱怨)thatitwasnotsweet.Theyoungman’swifewhousedtocomewithhim,couldnotunderstandhim.Then,onedayhiswifesaid,“Theseorangesarealwayssweetandyetyoudothis.Why?”Theyoungmansmiledandsaid,“Thatoldwomansellsverysweetorangesbutshenevereatsthemherself.That’swhyIleavethatorangeforhertoeat.”O(jiān)neday,thevegetablesellerwhousedtositbesidetheoldwoman,askedher,“Thisyoungmancomplainssomuchwhilebuyingoranges.Butwhileweighingoranges,youalwaysgivehimmoreoranges.Whyso?”Theoldwomanreplied,“Hiscomplaintisnotaboutorangesbutaboutfeedingmethatorange.HethinksthatIdon’tunderstandhim.ButwhenIseehislove,orangesonthescale(秤)automatically(自動地)increase.”6．Wheredidtheoldwomanselloranges?A．Inthesupermarket. B．Inthefoodstore.C．Ontheroadside. D．Onthefarm.7．Whousedtobuyorangeswiththeyoungman?A．Hisfriend. B．Hiswife. C．Hismother. D．Hiscousin.8．Whydidtheyoungmansaytheorangeswerenotsweet?A．Becausehedislikedtheoldwoman.B．Becausehedidn’twanttopaythemoney.C．Becausehedidn’tthinktheorangestastedgood.D．Becausehewantedtoshareonewiththeoldwoman.9．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheyoungman?A．Kind. B．Shy. C．Stupid. D．Dishonest.10．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Don’tlietoothers.B．Waystowaitforotherstofeedus.C．Beautifulactionshavetheiranswers.D．Howtobuymoreorangeswithlessmoney.（三）ArthurRobertAsheJr.wasthefirstAfrican-AmericanplayertotakepartintheInternationalsportoftennisatthehighestlevelofthegame.HewasbornonJuly10th,1943.WhenArthurwas6,hismotherdied.Arthur,withhisfatherandhisbrotherlivednearalargeparkinRichmond,Virginia.Hisfatherwasthemanagerofthepark.Hetookcareoftheparkandmadesureeverythingwasright.Arthurwasallowedtoplayintheparkwhenhewassevenyearsold.Hewasquiteenergetic.Aswimmingpool,tenniscourts,andbaseballdiamonds(棒球場)wereinthepark.Arthurspentalotoftimeplayingthere.Hedidwellinsports,buthehadnevertriedtoplaytennis.Heoftenwatchedthetennisplayers.Sometimesthereweretennislessons,andArthurwouldwatchevenmorecarefully.TheyoungmanteachingthelessonsnoticedArthur.HisnamewasRonaldCharity.Mr.CharityaskedArthurifhewantedtolearntoplaytennis.Arthurwasexcitedandagreed.Arthurlearnedveryquickly.Mr.CharityfoundArthurwouldgrowuptobeagoodtennisplayer.Bythetimehewasten,Arthurwonatournament(聯(lián)賽).Manyolderandbiggerplayerscametotheparktryingtowintheprize,butArthurbeatthem.Hebecameknownas“thekidwhocouldplaytennis”.ArthurgrewuptobeoneofthefirstsuccessfulAfrican-Americantennisplayers.Heplayedandwonallovertheworld.11．WhichquestionisansweredinParagraph2?A．WheredidArthurgrowup? B．WhydidArthurliketennisbest?C．WhenwasArthurborn? D．WhatdidArthurliketodoatschool?12．TheparkofferedpeoplealloftheseEXCEPT________.A．tennis B．football C．baseball D．swimming13．HowdidArthurmeetMr.Charity?A．Arthur’sfatheraskedMr.CharitytogiveArthurtennislessons.B．Whileswimmingatthepool,Mr.CharitymetArthur.C．Whileteachingtennis,Mr.CharitysawyoungArthur.D．Mr.CharitynoticedyoungArthurwasplayingtenniswell.14．WhatdidArthurdoforthefirsttimeattheageoften?A．Heenteredtheparkwherehisfatherworked.B．Hecopiedtennismovementswithoutholdingaracket(球拍).C．Hepretended(假裝)tohitatennisballbackandforthoveranet.D．Heplayedtennisbetterthanplayerswhowereolderandbiggerthanhewas.15．Thisarticleis________.A．abiography(傳記)B．adiary C．amagazine D．apieceofnews（四）Ihidthelongblackbaginthegarage.Tonight,inthedark.IfeverythingwentOK,Iwouldcarryoutmysecretproject.ButIhadtobesurethatnoone,notevenmywife,sawme.ItwasmoredifficulttogetawayfromthepartythanIexpected.Imadeanexcusethatthechildrenweretiredandneededtogettobed.Itwaspartlytrue.Ofcoursethemainreasonforleavingwastocompletemyplan.ThenIhadtogetthekidstosleep.Thatwasnevereasyatanytimeandtonightitwasevenmoredifficult.Theeldestonewantedtoknowwhyweleftthepartyearly.Itoldhim10:30p.m.wasnotearly.Asusual,Ireadthemabedtimestory,butIhadtostopmyselfreadingtooquicklyincasethattheywouldlearnmysecret.Silencefinallycame,andfeelinglikeathiefinthenight,Iwentoutofthehouseandintothegarage.Takingoneend,Idraggedthebagoutfromitshidingplaceandtookitintothegarden.Iwasworriedthatmyneighborsmightfindmeandcallthepolice.Itwasalreadyeleveno’clock.BythelightofthemoonIstartedworking,tryingtomakeaslittlenoiseaspossible.Infact,thatwasnoteasywithasawandahammer.Aftermuchhardwork,Ifinallycompletedmywork.Ilookeddownatmywatch.Itwasexactly4:00am.Iwentinsidetohaveashowerandgetafewhoursofsleep,withgreatsatisfaction.Itwaslongbeforethekidswouldrushintomyroomandwokemeup.Theyweresothrilled,racingtotellme,“Daddy!SantaClausbroughtusalovelytreehousethisyear.”Seeingtheirexcitementontheirfaces,Iknewit’sworthwhileformetodoit.16．Theauthorhidthethingsinthegarageperhapsbecause________.A．hestolethosethingsfromhisneighborsB．hewantedtogivehisfamilyasurpriseC．hedidn’twanttosharethemwithhisfamilyD．hewasafraidthatthethiefmightstealthem17．WecanknowfromParagraph2that________.A．theauthor’sfamilyleftthepartyearlythatnightB．theauthorwantedtogohomeearlierbecausehewastiredC．theauthordidn’tlikethepartyatallD．theauthorplannedtheparty18．Whydidtheauthorthinktheworkwasnoteasy?A．Becausehewasn’tsureofhisplanB．BecausethepolicewarnedhimnottoworkatnightC．Becauseitwaslateandhecouldn’tmakemuchnoiseD．Becauseheneverknewhowtohandlethesawandhammer19．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Onlytheauthor’swifeknewhisplan.B．Theauthorhadworkedforhoursonthetreehouse.C．Thekidswerequitethankfulforwhattheauthorhaddoneforthem.D．ThenewtreehousewasaNewYeargiftfromSantaClaus.20．Thebesttitlecouldbe________.A．ForSantaClausB．ASecretPresentC．AcarefulPlan D．MerryChristmasEve（五）Dr.JosephDituriisateacherattheUniversityofSouthFlorida.HeisalsocalledDr.DeepSeabecausehehasjustfinishedanamazingadventure(冒險經歷)—for100days,helivedinasmallroomunderwater.Hesetanewworldrecord,beatingtheoldrecordof73days.OnMarch1,Dr.Dituribegantheadventure.Hestayedinaspecialunderwaterroom.Itwasonly9.3m2.Butithadanareatosleep,andasmalllivingroomandkitchen.Thefartheryougobelowtheocean’ssurface,thegreaterthepressureis.Dr.Dituriwantedtolearnhowthispressurewouldinfluencethehumanbodyovertime.Inhisundersearoom.Dr.Dituriwaslivingwithpressurethatwasabout66%greaterthanthepressureonthesurface.Hebelievesthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolder.Itcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems.Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heoftenexercisedinthemorning.Hekeptteachinghiscollegeclasses,andhehadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Healsoworkedwithsomeexpertstosearchforwaystoprotectandtakecareoftheocean.OnJune9,Dr.Diturireturnedtothesurface.Manyfriends,family,andsupportersweretheretogreethimandcelebratehissuccess.Dr.Dituriwassmilingwhenhecamebackup.DoctorsquicklycheckedhimouttomakesurehewasOK.Then,Dr.Diturispoketothecrowdabouthis100daysunderwater.“Thehumanbodyhasneverbeenunderwaterthatlong,”Dr.Diturisaid,“I’mproudofsettinganewrecord.”21．HowlonghasDr.Diturilivedinasmallroomunderwater?A．For73days. B．Forlessthan73days.C．For100days. D．Formorethan100days.22．WhydidDr.Dituritaketheadventure?A．BecauseheisateacherattheUniversityofSouthFlorida.B．Becausehethoughtitwasexcitingtostayinaroomunderwater.C．Becausehewantedtomakehisbodystrongerthroughtheexperience.D．Becausehewonderedhowunderwaterpressurewouldinfluencethehumanbodyovertime.23．InDr.Dituri’sopinion,highpressurecould________.A．makepeoplegetthinner B．helpdoctorstreatmedicalproblemsC．makepeoplekeepyounger D．helpdoctorsinventsomenewmedicine24．WhatdidDr.Dituridoduringhisstayunderwater?①Hedidsomemorningexercise.②Hewroteletterstohisstudents.③Hegaveclassestohiscollegestudents.④Heworkedontheoceanprotection.A．①②④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④25．Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推斷)that________.A．Dr.DituriisthefirstonetotrystayingunderwaterforalongtimeB．Dr.Dituri’sfriendsandfamilypaidattentiontohisadventureC．thepressureonthesurfaceoftheoceanisgreaterthanthatbelowitD．thepressurebelowtheoceanmadeDr.Dituriquiteuncomfortable（六）DongLina,thefirstvisuallyimpaired(視力障礙)MasterofBroadcasting(播音碩士畢業(yè)生)inChina,graduatedfromtheCommunicationUniversityofChinainthesummerof2023.Dongwasbornintoafarmer’sfamilyinDalian,LiaoningProvincein1984.However,shewentblindcom