2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：環(huán)境科學專題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空要求：仔細閱讀下面的文章，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，為每個空白處選擇一個最合適的單詞，每個單詞只能使用一次。文章中缺少的單詞分別為：biodegradable,ecosystem,contamination,renewable,habitat,species,deforestation,climatechange,biodiversity,sustainable閱讀下面的文章：Therapidadvancementofhumancivilizationhasbroughtnumerousbenefits,butithasalsoresultedinsignificantenvironmentalchallenges.Oneofthemostpressingissuesisthelossofbiodiversity,whichaffectsthebalanceofourplanet'secosystems.Deforestation,amajordriverofhabitatdestruction,hasledtothedisplacementofcountlessspecies.Thisnotonlyreducesgeneticdiversitybutalsodisruptsthenaturalprocessesthatsustainlife.Anothercriticalproblemiscontamination,particularlythepollutionofwatersourceswithnon-biodegradablewaste.Thispollutionharmsaquaticspeciesandcanhavecascadingeffectsontheentirefoodchain.Additionally,climatechange,drivenbytheburningoffossilfuelsandindustrialactivities,isalteringweatherpatternsandcausingmorefrequentextremeweatherevents.Tomitigatetheseissues,wemustadoptsustainablepracticesthatprioritizerenewableenergysourcesandreduceourrelianceonnon-renewableresources.Protectinghabitatsandpreservingbiodiversityareessentialstepstowardensuringahealthyplanetforfuturegenerations.Onlybyworkingtogethercanwecreateaworldwherehumanprogressandenvironmentalstewardshipgohandinhand.1.Manyscientistsarguethatplasticwasteisnottruly__________,meaningitdoesnotbreakdowneasilyintheenvironment,whichcontributestolong-termpollution.2.TheAmazonrainforest,oftencalledthe"lungsoftheEarth,"isfacingsevere__________duetologgingandagriculturalexpansion,threateningthecountlessspeciesthatcallithome.3.Industrial__________hasbeenamajorcontributortothedegradationofairqualityinurbanareas,leadingtohealthproblemsformillionsofpeople.4.Solarandwindenergyareexamplesof__________resourcesthatcanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuelsandcombatclimatechange.5.Theextinctionofcertainspeciescanhaveadominoeffect,disruptingthe__________andleadingtofurtherimbalancesinnature.6.Coralreefsarehighlysensitivetochangesinwatertemperatureandacidity,makingthemvulnerabletotheimpactsof__________.7.Conservationeffortsoftenfocusonprotectingcritical__________toensurethatwildlifehasthespacetheyneedtothrive.8.Thelossoftoppredatorscanleadtoanoverpopulationofcertainspecies,whichinturncan__________theoverallhealthoftheecosystem.9.Manyresearchersbelievethatglobal__________istheresultofhumanactivitiesandiscausingirreversibledamagetotheplanet.10.Adoptinga__________lifestylemeansmakingchoicesthatminimizeourenvironmentalfootprintandsupportlong-termecologicalbalance.二、閱讀理解要求：閱讀下面的文章，然后根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問題。文章中缺少的關鍵信息需要你從提供的選項中選擇最合適的答案。每個問題只有一個正確答案。TheImportanceofEnvironmentalScienceinModernSocietyEnvironmentalsciencehasbecomeincreasinglycrucialinmodernsocietyaswefaceamyriadofenvironmentalchallenges.Thesechallengesrangefromclimatechangeandpollutiontohabitatdestructionandbiodiversityloss.Understandingthecomplexitiesoftheseissuesrequiresamultidisciplinaryapproachthatcombinesknowledgefromvariousscientificfields.Environmentalscientistsplayavitalroleinstudyingtheseproblemsanddevelopingsolutionstomitigatetheirimpacts.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisclimatechange,whichisdrivenbytheemissionofgreenhousegases.Thesegases,primarilycarbondioxideandmethane,arereleasedthroughburningfossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefar-reaching,includingrisingsealevels,morefrequentextremeweatherevents,anddisruptionstoagriculturalsystems.Toaddressthis,scientistsareexploringrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower,whichcansignificantlyreducegreenhousegasemissions.Pollutionisanothercriticalissue.Airpollution,causedbyindustrialemissionsandvehicleexhaust,canleadtorespiratoryproblemsandotherhealthissues.Waterpollution,oftenaresultofindustrialdischargeandagriculturalrunoff,harmsaquaticlifeandcancontaminatedrinkingwatersources.Soilcontamination,causedbychemicalsandwaste,canreducethefertilityofthelandandaffectfoodsecurity.Environmentalscientistsworkondevelopingmethodstocleanuppollutedareasandpreventfurthercontamination.Habitatdestructionandbiodiversitylossarealsomajorconcerns.Deforestation,drivenbyloggingandagriculturalexpansion,hasledtothedisplacementofcountlessspecies.Thelossofbiodiversitycandisruptecosystemsandreducetheirabilitytoprovideessentialservices,suchaspollinationandwaterpurification.Conservationefforts,suchascreatingprotectedareasandrestoringdegradedhabitats,arecrucialtopreservingtheplanet'snaturalheritage.Inadditiontothesechallenges,environmentalsciencealsoaddressesissueslikewastemanagementandsustainableresourceuse.Thegenerationofwastehasincreaseddramaticallywiththeriseofconsumerism,leadingtoproblemslikelandfilloverflowandplasticpollution.Environmentalscientistsareworkingondevelopingmoresustainablewastemanagementpractices,includingrecyclingandcomposting.Theyalsostudyhowtouseresourcesmoreefficientlyandreduceouroverallenvironmentalfootprint.Totackletheseissueseffectively,environmentalsciencereliesoncollaborationbetweenscientists,policymakers,andthepublic.Educationandawarenessarekeytofosteringacultureofsustainabilityandencouragingindividualstomakeenvironmentallyresponsiblechoices.Environmentalscienceprovidestheknowledgeandtoolsneededtoaddressthesechallenges,butitalsorequiresacollectiveefforttoimplementsolutions.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?a)Thehistoryofenvironmentalscienceb)Theimportanceofenvironmentalscienceinmodernsocietyc)Thecausesofclimatechanged)Theeffectsofpollutiononhumanhealth2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaconsequenceofclimatechangementionedinthearticle?a)Risingsealevelsb)Morefrequentextremeweathereventsc)Increasedagriculturalproductivityd)Disruptionstoagriculturalsystems3.Accordingtothearticle,whataresomeoftheprimarysourcesofgreenhousegasemissions?a)Renewableenergysourcesanddeforestationb)Solarpowerandwindpowerc)Burningfossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocessesd)Agriculturalrunoffandindustrialdischarge4.Whatisonemethodmentionedinthearticletoaddresssoilcontamination?a)Plantingtreestoabsorbpollutantsb)Developingmethodstocleanuppollutedareasc)Increasingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersd)Encouragingmoreagriculturalexpansion5.Whyisbiodiversityimportantaccordingtothearticle?a)Itincreasestheriskofspeciesextinctionb)Itdisruptsecosystemsandreducestheirabilitytoprovideessentialservicesc)Itenhancestheproductivityofagriculturalsystemsd)Itprovidesasourceofnewmedicaldiscoveries6.Whatroledoenvironmentalscientistsplayinaddressingenvironmentalchallenges?a)Theyprimarilyfocusonresearchingenvironmentalissuesb)Theydevelopsolutionstomitigatetheimpactsofenvironmentalproblemsc)Theymainlyworkoncreatingenvironmentalpoliciesd)Theyfocusoneducatingthepublicaboutenvironmentalissues7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasustainablewastemanagementpractice?a)Recyclingb)Compostingc)Landfillingd)Reducingwastegeneration8.Accordingtothearticle,whatisonewaytoreduceourenvironmentalfootprint?a)Increasingtheuseoffossilfuelsb)Usingresourcesmoreefficientlyc)Producingmorewasted)Expandingindustrialactivities9.Whatisthearticlesuggestingabouttheroleofcollaborationinenvironmentalscience?a)Collaborationisnotnecessaryforsolvingenvironmentalproblemsb)Collaborationisonlyimportantbetweenscientistsandpolicymakersc)Collaborationisessentialbetweenscientists,policymakers,andthepublicd)Collaborationisprimarilytheresponsibilityofenvironmentalscientists10.Whatisthemainmessageofthearticle?a)Environmentalscienceisaminorfieldofstudywithlimitedimpactb)Environmentalscienceisnotnecessaryinmodernsocietyc)Environmentalscienceiscrucialforaddressingenvironmentalchallengesd)Environmentalscienceisonlyimportantforwealthycountries三、句子匹配要求：下面的左邊一列是句子，右邊一列是這些句子的解釋或說明。請將每個句子與其最合適的解釋用字母連接起來。每個解釋只能使用一次。A.Itinvolvesstudyinghowhumanactivitiesimpactthenaturalworldandviceversa.B.Thisprocessremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereandstoresitinplantsorsoil.C.Itreferstotheuseofrenewableresourcestoreduceenvironmentalimpact.D.Thisisatypeofpollutionwhereharmfulsubstancescontaminatetheair.E.Itisthepracticeofmanagingnaturalresourcesinawaythatmeetscurrentneedswithoutcompromisingfutureavailability.F.Thisoccurswhenforestsarecleared,oftenforagricultureorlogging.G.Itisanaturalsubstancethatcanbreakdowneasilyintoharmlesscomponentsintheenvironment.H.Thistermdescribesthevarietyoflifeformswithinagivenecosystem.I.Itinvolvesthestudyofhowchangesintheenvironmentaffectlivingorganisms.J.Thisisalong-termshiftinweatherpatterns,oftencausedbyhumanactivities.1.Environmentalscience2.Carbonsequestration3.Sustainabledevelopment4.Airpollution5.Deforestation6.Biodegradable7.Biodiversity8.Ecology9.Climatechange10.Renewableenergy四、填空題要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填寫空白處。每空只填一個單詞。TheEarth'satmosphereisacomplexsystemthatplaysacrucialroleinsustaininglife.Itprotectsusfromharmfulultravioletradiationandhelpsregulatetheplanet'stemperature.However,humanactivitieshavebeenalteringthisdelicatebalance.Thereleaseofgreenhousegases,primarilycarbondioxideandmethane,hasledtoanincreaseinglobaltemperatures.Thisphenomenon,knownasglobalwarming,iscausingarangeofenvironmentalproblems.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsisthemeltingofpolaricecapsandglaciers,whichcontributestorisingsealevels.Coastalcommunitiesareatriskofbeing淹沒bythesea,displacingmillionsofpeople.Additionally,morefrequentandsevereweatherevents,suchashurricanesanddroughts,arebecominga常態(tài).Thesechangesarenotonlyaffectingnaturalecosystemsbutalsohumansocieties.Agriculture,whichreliesonpredictableweatherpatterns,isparticularlyvulnerable.Foodsecurityisatstakeascropyieldsdeclineduetochangingclimateconditions.Theconsequencesofinactionaredire,andurgentmeasuresareneededtomitigatetheseimpacts.Reducinggreenhousegasemissions,transitioningtorenewableenergysources,andadoptingsustainablepracticesareessentialstepstowardpreservingtheEarth'satmosphereforfuturegenerations.1.TheEarth'satmospherehelpsregulatetheplanet's________.2.Humanactivitieshavebeenalteringthedelicatebalanceoftheatmospherebyreleasing________gases.3.Thereleaseofgreenhousegaseshasledtoanincreaseinglobal________.4.Themeltingofpolaricecapsandglacierscontributestorising________levels.5.Coastalcommunitiesareatriskofbeing________bythesea.6.Morefrequentandsevereweatherevents,suchashurricanesanddroughts,arebecominga________.7.Agricultureisparticularlyvulnerabletochangingclimateconditions,affecting________security.8.ReducinggreenhousegasemissionsandtransitioningtorenewableenergysourcesareessentialstepstowardpreservingtheEarth'satmosphereforfuturegenerations,butitrequiresacollective________.9.Sustainablepracticescanhelpminimizeourenvironmentalfootprintandensureahealthierplanetfor________generations.10.Theconsequencesofinactionaredire,andurgentmeasuresareneededtomitigatetheseimpacts,butitallstartswithindividual________.五、簡答題要求：閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。每個問題都需要簡潔明了地回答，不超過三個句子。TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem.Itishometoavastarrayofmarinelife,includingover1,500speciesoffish,400typesofcoral,andnumerousotherorganisms.However,theGreatBarrierReefisfacingsignificantthreatsduetoclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.Risingseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching,aphenomenonwherecoralslosetheircolorfulsymbiontsandturnwhite.Thisnotonlyaffectstheaestheticbeautyofthereefbutalsoitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.Pollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentandagriculturalrunoffhasfurtherdegradedwaterquality,harmingthedelicatecoralecosystem.Overfishinghasdisruptedthenaturalbalanceofthereef,leadingtothedeclineofkeyspecies.ConservationeffortsareunderwaytoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef,includingestablishingmarineprotectedareas,reducingpollution,andimplementingsustainablefishingpractices.Theseeffortsarecrucialtoensurethelong-termsurvivalofthisiconicnaturalwonder.1.WhatistheGreatBarrierReef,andwhereisitlocated?2.WhatarethemainthreatsfacingtheGreatBarrierReef?3.HowdoesrisingseatemperaturesaffecttheGreatBarrierReef?4.WhatimpactdoespollutionhaveontheGreatBarrierReef?5.HowhasoverfishingaffectedtheGreatBarrierReef?6.WhatconservationeffortsarebeingundertakentoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef?7.WhyaretheseconservationeffortsimportantforthefutureoftheGreatBarrierReef?8.WhatcanindividualsdotohelpprotecttheGreatBarrierReef?9.HowdoestheGreatBarrierReefcontributetothebiodiversityofthemarineenvironment?10.WhatarethepotentialconsequencesiftheGreatBarrierReefcontinuestodecline?本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空答案及解析1.biodegradable解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“塑料廢物不容易在環(huán)境中分解”，這與“可生物降解”的定義相符，意思是能夠在自然環(huán)境中被微生物分解成無害物質(zhì)的物質(zhì)。2.deforestation解析：文章提到“亞馬遜雨林正面臨嚴重的……由于伐木和農(nóng)業(yè)擴張”，結合上下文，“森林砍伐”是導致“生物多樣性喪失”和“棲息地破壞”的主要原因。3.contamination解析：文章提到“工業(yè)……是導致城市地區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量惡化的主要原因”，結合上下文，“污染”是指有害物質(zhì)進入環(huán)境，這里特指空氣污染。4.renewable解析：文章提到“太陽能和風能是……資源，可以幫助減少我們對化石燃料的依賴”，結合上下文，“可再生”指的是可以自然再生或持續(xù)利用的資源。5.ecosystem解析：文章提到“某些物種的滅絕會對……產(chǎn)生多米諾骨牌效應”，結合上下文，“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”是指生物和非生物因素相互作用的一個系統(tǒng)，物種滅絕會影響整個系統(tǒng)的平衡。6.climatechange解析：文章提到“珊瑚礁對水溫變化和酸堿度的變化很敏感”，結合上下文，“氣候變化”會導致海水溫度和酸堿度變化，威脅珊瑚礁。7.habitat解析：文章提到“保護工作通常集中在保護關鍵的……以確保野生動物有它們賴以生存的空間”，結合上下文，“棲息地”是指生物生存和繁殖的環(huán)境。8.ecosystem解析：文章提到“頂級捕食者的喪失會導致某些物種的過度繁殖，進而……整體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康”，結合上下文，“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”是指生物和非生物因素相互作用的一個系統(tǒng)，頂級捕食者的喪失會影響整個系統(tǒng)的平衡。9.climatechange解析：文章提到“許多研究人員認為全球……是人類活動的結果，并對地球造成了不可逆轉的損害”，結合上下文，“氣候變化”是指全球氣候模式的長期變化，主要由人類活動引起。10.sustainable解析：文章提到“采用一種……的生活方式意味著做出選擇，最大限度地減少我們的環(huán)境足跡，支持長期的生態(tài)平衡”，結合上下文，“可持續(xù)”指的是能夠長期維持的生活方式，不會耗盡資源或破壞環(huán)境。二、閱讀理解答案及解析1.b解析：文章第一段提到“環(huán)境科學已成為現(xiàn)代社會的一個日益重要的問題，因為我們面臨著許多環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)”，這與選項b“環(huán)境科學在現(xiàn)代社會的重要性”相符。2.c解析：文章第二段提到“氣候變化的后果是深遠的，包括海平面上升、更頻繁的極端天氣事件和農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的破壞”，選項c“增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力”不是氣候變化的結果。3.c解析：文章第二段提到“溫室氣體的主要來源是燃燒化石燃料、森林砍伐和工業(yè)過程”，這與選項c“燃燒化石燃料、森林砍伐和工業(yè)過程”相符。4.b解析：文章第三段提到“環(huán)境科學家正在開發(fā)清理受污染地區(qū)和防止進一步污染的方法”，這與選項b“開發(fā)清理受污染地區(qū)的方法”相符。5.b解析：文章第三段提到“生物多樣性喪失會破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并降低它們提供基本服務的能力，如授粉和水凈化”，這與選項b“生物多樣性喪失會破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并降低它們提供基本服務的能力”相符。6.b解析：文章第四段提到“環(huán)境科學家在研究這些問題并開發(fā)緩解其影響的解決方案中發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用”，這與選項b“環(huán)境科學家在研究這些問題并開發(fā)緩解其影響的解決方案中發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用”相符。7.c解析：文章第四段提到“環(huán)境科學家正在開發(fā)更可持續(xù)的廢物管理實踐，包括回收和堆肥”，選項c“填埋”不是可持續(xù)的廢物管理實踐。8.b解析：文章第四段提到“環(huán)境科學家研究如何更有效地利用資源并減少我們的整體環(huán)境足跡”，這與選項b“更有效地利用資源”相符。9.c解析：文章第五段提到“解決這些問題需要科學家、決策者和公眾之間的合作”，這與選項c“科學家、決策者和公眾之間的合作”相符。10.c解析：文章最后一段提到“環(huán)境科學對于解決環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)至關重要”，這與選項c“環(huán)境科學對于解決環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)至關重要”相符。三、句子匹配答案及解析1.A解析：句子“A.它涉及研究人類活動如何影響自然世界以及自然世界如何影響人類活動”與環(huán)境科學的定義相符。2.B解析：句子“B.這個過程從大氣中去除二氧化碳并將其儲存在植物或土壤中”與碳封存的定義相符。3.E解析：句子“E.它是指利用可再生資源來減少環(huán)境影響的實踐”與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的定義相符。4.D解析：句子“D.這是一種有害物質(zhì)污染空氣的現(xiàn)象”與空氣污染的定義相符。5.F解析：句子“F.這發(fā)生在森林被砍伐，通常是為了農(nóng)業(yè)或伐木”與森林砍伐的定義相符。6.G解析：句子“G.它是一種在環(huán)境中很容易分解成無害物質(zhì)的自然物質(zhì)”與可生物降解的定義相符。7.H解析：句子“H.這個術語描述了給定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生命形式的多樣性”與生物多樣性的定義相符。8.I解析：句子“I.它涉及研究環(huán)境變化如何影響生物體”與生態(tài)學的定義相符。9.J解析：句子“J.這是一個由人類活動引起的長期氣候模式變化”與氣候變化的定義相符。10.C解析：句子“C.它是指以可持續(xù)的方式管理自然資源，以滿足當前需求而不損害未來世代的需求的實踐”與可再生資源的定義相符。四、填空題答案及解析1.temperature解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“地球的大氣層在維持生命方面發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用”，后面提到“它保護我們免受有害紫外線輻射并幫助調(diào)節(jié)地球的……”，結合上下文，“溫度”是大氣層調(diào)節(jié)的重要功能。2.greenhouse解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“人類活動已經(jīng)改變了這個復雜系統(tǒng)的微妙平衡”，后面提到“釋放的……氣體，主要是二氧化碳和甲烷，導致了全球溫度的上升”，結合上下文，“溫室氣體”是導致全球變暖的主要氣體。3.warming解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“人類活動已經(jīng)改變了這個復雜系統(tǒng)的微妙平衡”，后面提到“釋放的溫室氣體導致了全球……的上升”，結合上下文，“變暖”是指全球溫度的上升。4.sea解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“全球變暖導致兩極冰帽和冰川融化”，后面提到“這導致了……水平的上升”，結合上下文，“海平面”是冰帽和冰川融化導致上升的水平。5.flooded解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“沿海社區(qū)面臨……被海淹沒的風險”，結合上下文，“flooded”意思是“被淹沒的”，描述了沿海社區(qū)面臨的威脅。6.normal解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“更頻繁和更嚴重的天氣事件，如颶風和干旱”，后面提到“正在成為……”，結合上下文，“normal”在這里表示“常態(tài)”，即這些天氣事件變得更加常見和嚴重。7.food解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“農(nóng)業(yè)依賴于可預測的天氣模式”，后面提到“糧食安全受到威脅，因為作物產(chǎn)量下降”，結合上下文，“food”在這里表示“糧食”，即農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量和糧食安全。8.effort解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“減少溫室氣體排放，向可再生能源轉型”，后面提到“是朝著保護地球大氣層以造福未來世代邁出的必要步驟，但這需要集體的……”，結合上下文，“effort”在這里表示“努力”，即需要集體的努力來保護地球大氣層。9.future解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“可持續(xù)的做法可以幫助最大限度地減少我們的環(huán)境足跡，并確保一個更健康的地球……世代”，結合上下文，“future”在這里表示“未來”，即確保一個更健康的地球為未來世代。10.action解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空白處前面提到“不采取行動的后果是嚴重的，需要采取緊急措施來緩解這些影響”，后面提到“但這一切都始于個人的……”，結合上下文，“action”在這里表示“行動”，即需要采取行動來緩解這些影響。五、簡答題答案及解析1.TheGreatBarrierReefistheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia.解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，第一段提到“TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem”，即大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)，位于澳大利亞海岸外。2.ThemainthreatsfacingtheGreatBarrierReefareclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，第二段提到“TheGreatBarrierReefisfacingsignificantthreatsduetoclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing”，即大堡礁面臨的主要威脅是氣候變化、污染和過度捕撈。3.Risingseatemperaturescausecoralbleaching,wherecoralslosetheircolorfulsymbiontsandturnwhite,affectingthereef'sabilitytosupportmarinelife.解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，第二段提到“Risingseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching,aphenomenonwherecoralslosetheircolorfulsymbiontsandturnwhite”，即上升的海水溫度導致珊瑚白化，珊瑚失去其彩色共生體并變白，影響珊瑚礁支持海洋生物的能力。4.Pollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentandagriculturalrunoffdegradeswaterquality,harmingthedelicatecoralecosystem.解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，第二段提到“Pollutionfromcoastaldevelopmentandagriculturalrunoffhasfurtherdegradedwaterqualit