Computerisanelectronicequipmentwhichcanmakearithmeticandlogicalcalculation,processinformationrapidlyandautomatically.Itwasin1946thatthefirstcomputeroftheworldturnedoutinAmerica,whichwasnamedENIAC.Thoughitwasveryhuge,withouthighperformance,itmakesbasisforthedevelopmentofcomputer.IntroductionofComputer

Sincethefirstcomputerwasborn,thedevelopmentspeedofcomputersciencetechniquehasbeenquitesurprising.Takethespeedofcalculation,ENIACcouldonlymakecalculations5000timespersecond;today,thefastestcomputerreaches100,000,000,000times.Computersareappliedinsuchfields:1.sciencecalculation

Thepurposeofinventinganddevelopingcomputeristomakearithmeticcalculationrapidlyandaccurately.Computerscanbeusedforallkindsofsciencecalculations,whichhavebeenbecomingoneofimportantfieldsofcomputerapplication,forexample,calculationsintheprocessoflaunchingsatellitesandmissilesetc.2.dataprocessing

1Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnique,moreandmoreinformationincludingnumericaldataandnonenumericaldatacomeout.Atthepresent,dataprocessinghasbeenthewidestfieldofcomputerapplication.Productionmanagement,datacounting,officeautomation,trafficdispatching,informationretrievalbelongtothisfield.2Especiallyintheseyears,withthedevelopmentofdatabaseandcomputernetworktechnique,computerusersindifferentdistrictsandcountriescansharemanyvaluableinformationresourcesthroughnetwork.3.realtimecontrol

3Realtimecontrolisthecontrolofprocedureintheprocessofpracticalproductionswherecomputersareapplied.Realtimereferstothatthetimeofcomputer’scalculatingandcontrollingmaymatchthetimeofcontrolledobject’spracticalrunningorworking.4.adjuvantdesign

Takeadvantageoftheabilityofcomputer’scalculatingandmapping,wecanimprovethequalityandefficiencywhendoingengineeringdesignsinthematterofarchitecture,machineryandelectron.4Now,asCAM,CADandCAIbeingusedverywidely,completeautomationfromdesigntoproductionhasfulfilledinmanyfields.5.artificialintelligence

Computerscansimulatepeople’sfeelingsandthoughts,replacingpartlaborsofhumanbeing.NewWords

electronicadj.電子的,電子學(xué)的arithmeticadj.算術(shù)的;n.算術(shù)performancen.性能,成績(jī),執(zhí)行,履行,表演purposen.目的,意圖,用途;vt.打算,企圖accuratelyadv.精確地,正確地launchv.發(fā)射（導(dǎo)彈、火箭）,起飛,下水,投入;

n.發(fā)射,下水missilesn.導(dǎo)彈,發(fā)射物numericaladj.數(shù)字的,用數(shù)字表示的dispatchingn.調(diào)度,派遣;vt.分派,派遣searchesn.檢索,搜尋;v.搜索,探求,調(diào)查realtimeadj.實(shí)時(shí)的matchvt.匹配,相配;n.火柴,比賽,匹配adjuvantadj.輔助的;n.助理員efficiencyn.效率,功效architecturen.建筑,建筑學(xué),體系機(jī)構(gòu)machineryn.機(jī)械,機(jī)器electronn.電子fulfillvt.實(shí)現(xiàn),完成（計(jì)劃等）,履行simulatevt.模擬,模仿,假裝,冒充PhrasesandExpressionsofficeautomation辦公自動(dòng)化artificialintelligence人工智能turnedout誕生,產(chǎn)生makebasisfor為……奠定基礎(chǔ)refersto指的是inthematterof在……方面,關(guān)于Takeadvantageof利用TheExplanationofDifficultStatements

1.Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnique,moreand

moreinformationincludingnumericaldataandagreat

dealofnonenumericaldatacomeout.

分析:“with+n/P.P/Pron.(+另一成分)”此句型在句中作狀語,表示方式、條件或伴隨情況。例如:TomdidhishomeworkwiththeTVon.湯姆一邊開著電視一邊做著功課。句意:隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,涌現(xiàn)的信息量與日俱增,這些信息量除了數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)外,還有大量的非數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)。

2.Especiallyintheseyears,withthedevelopmentofdatabase

andcomputernetworktechnique,computerusersin

differentdistrictsandcountriescansharemanyvaluable

informationresourcethroughnetwork.

分析:“Especiallyintheseyears”,“withthedevelopmentofdatabaseandcomputernetworktechnique”都在句中作狀語。

句意:特別是近年來,數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使不同地區(qū)、不同國家的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶都能通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊共享信息資源。

3.Realtimecontrolisthecontrolofprocedureintheprocessofpracticalproductionswherecomputersareapplied.

分析:where為關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語。

句意:實(shí)時(shí)控制是指計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中的過程控制。

4.Now,asCAM,CADandCAIbeingusedverywidely,

completeautomationfromdesigntoproductionhas

fulfilledinmanyfields.

分析:在asCAM,CADandCAIbeingusedverywidely中,beingused為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),在句中作定語。

句意:計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造(CAM)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)(CAI),目前已得到廣泛的使用,使得許多領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了從設(shè)計(jì)到生產(chǎn)全面自動(dòng)化的過程。ExercisesⅠ.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext:(1)Computerisa______________whichcanmakearithmetic

andlogicalcalculation,processinformationrapidlyand

automatically.(2)Takethespeedofcalculation,ENIACcouldonlymake

calculations______________timespersecond;today,the

fastestcomputerreaches______________times.(3)Computerscansimulatepeople’s______________,replacing

partlaborsofhumanbeing.(4)Itwasin1946thatthefirstcomputeroftheworldturnedoutin

America,whichwasnamed______________.(5)Atthepresent,______________hasbeenthewidestfield

ofcomputerapplication.Ⅱ.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:(1)Dataprocessinghasbeenbecomingoneofimportantfieldsof

computerapplication.(2)Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnique,moreandmore

numericaldatacomeout.(3)Onlycomputerusersinthesamedistrictandcountrycanshare

manyvaluableinformationresourcethroughnetwork.(4)Computerscansimulatepeople’swordsandactions,replacing

allthelaborsofhumanbeing.(5)ENIACwasveryhuge,withveryhighperformance.Ⅲ.Changealltheverbsinthefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice:(1)FiredestroyedmuchofLondoninthe17thcentury.(2)Theyarepullingdowntheoldtheatre.(3)Doessomeonecleanalltheroomsregularly?(4)TheynamedPhilipthesalesmanager.(5)IthinkSamisintelligent.(6)Hisparentsencouragedhimtotakeaparttimejobonthe

campus.Ⅳ.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs:(1)Inoticedthatthewreckedcar______________notyet

______________(take)away.(2)Earlyin1765theStampAct______________(pass)by

Parliament.Word______________(send)tothe

AmericanColoniststhatbyNovemberfirstofthatsameyear

theymightlookfortheirstamps,foronthatdaythe

StampAct______________(put)intoforce.(3)Themanontheradiosaidthattwohoursearlierthebushfire

______________(bring)undercontrolatlast.Manyhouses______________(destroy)butnolives______________(lose).(4)IheardasuddencrashsoIrushedouttoseewhether

anybody______________(injure).Ifoundthatpartof

ourfence______________(knock)downbyacar.The

vehicleslightly(damage)butnobody______________(hurt).(5)Thisdifficulty______________(can,avoid)inseveralways.ReadingMaterials

HowtoProtectYourData(Ⅰ)

Nobody’sdataiscompletelysafe.Buteverybody’scomputercanstillbewellguardedagainstwouldbeattackers.Here’syourarsenal:

PasswordProtection

Atminimum,eachtimetheylogon,allPCusersshouldberequiredtotypeinapasswordthatonlytheyandthenetworkadministratorknow.PCusersshouldavoidpickingwords,phrases,ornumbersthatanyonecanguesseasily,suchasabirthdate,achild’sname,orinitials;insteadtheyshouldusecrypticphrasesthatcombineuppercaseandlowercaseletters,suchas“ThemoonAlsoRISES”.Inaddition,thesystemshouldrequirealluserstochangepasswordseverymonthorsoandshouldlockoutprospectiveusersiftheyfailtoenterthecorrectpasswordthreetimesinarow.

VirusCheckers

Virusesgenerallyinfectlocalareanetworksthroughworkstations,soantivirussoftwarepackagesthatworkonlyontheserveraren’tenoughtopreventinfection;ideally,allterminalsonthenetwork－personalcomputersaswellasdumbworkstations－shouldbeprotectedindividually.NewWordsandExpressionswould-beattackers可能的入侵者arsenaln.武器庫logon注冊(cè)initialn.姓名的開頭字母crypticadj.秘密的uppercaseandlowercaseletters大寫和小寫字母antivirussoftwarepackage反病毒軟件包dumbworkstation啞工作站individuallyadv.個(gè)別地,單獨(dú)地Exercises

Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext:(1)Fourarsenalstoprotectthedataarementioned:

____________,____________,____________,

____________.(2)PCusersshouldavoidpickingwords,phrases,ornumbers

thatanyonecanguesseasily;insteadtheyshoulduse

____________.(3)Antivirussoftwarepackagesthatworkonlyontheserver

aren’tenoughtopreventinfection;ideally,

______________aswellas______________shouldbe

protectedindividually.HowtoProtectYourData(Ⅱ)

FireWall

Thesearegatekeepersmadeofhardwareandsoftwarethatprotectacomputernetworkbyshuttingoutunauthorizedpeopleandlettingothersgoonlytotheareastheyhaveprivilegestouse.Firewallsshouldbeinstalledateverypointwherethecomputersystemcomesincontactwithothernetwork－includingtheInternet,aseparatelocalareanetworkatacustomer’ssite,oratelephonecompanyswitch.

Encryption

Evenifintrudersmanagetobreakthroughafirewall,thedataonanetworkcanbemadesafeifit’sencrypted.Manysoftwarepackagesandnetworkprograms－MicrosoftWindowsNT,NovellNetWare,andLotusNotes,amongothers－offeraddonencryptionschemesthatencodealldatasentonthenetwork.Inaddition,companiescanbuystandaloneencryptionpackagestoworkwithindividualapplications.Almosteveryencryptionpackageisbasedonanapproachknownas