Unit2HomeSweetHomeGrammarICan/Couldforpoliterequestsandpermission一、提出禮貌的請(qǐng)求"Can"和"Could"都可用于禮貌請(qǐng)求，但"could"更正式、更禮貌；could表示委婉地請(qǐng)求，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：Can/..?ldyou+動(dòng)詞原形+..?"請(qǐng)你做……好嗎?·Can/Couldyouplease+動(dòng)詞原形+..?"請(qǐng)你做……好嗎?；否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Can/Couldyou(please)notdo..?肯定回答：Yes,sure./Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry./Sorry,Ican't.Canyouhelpmewiththis?你能幫我這個(gè)嗎？Canyoupassmethesalt?"能把鹽遞給我嗎？—Couldyoupleaseclosethewindow?—I'mafraidnot.請(qǐng)你關(guān)上窗戶好嗎?恐怕不行.Couldyoupleasesendmethereport?您能把報(bào)告發(fā)給我嗎？【知識(shí)拓展】Wouldyou(please)（not）dosth?Wouldyouminddoingsth?=Doyouminddoingsth?也可表示請(qǐng)求做某事?？隙ɑ卮穑篠ure./Ofcourse./Noproblem./I'dloveto.否定回答：Sorry./Sorry,Ican't./I’dloveto,but.—Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?你介意去打掃你的房間嗎?—No.I'dliketo.不，我很樂意。二、表示請(qǐng)求許可1.could表示請(qǐng)求允許，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Can/CouldI/we+動(dòng)詞原形+...?請(qǐng)問我(們)能做……嗎?CanIborrowyourpen?我能借你的筆嗎？CanIleaveearlytoday?我今天能早點(diǎn)走嗎？CouldIaskyouapersonalquestion?我能問您一個(gè)私人問題嗎？CouldIuseyourphoneforamoment?我可以用一下您的手機(jī)嗎？肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.否定回答：I'msorry./Sorry,youcan't.若關(guān)系比較親近，也可以直接說No,youcan't.但聽起來較生硬【溫馨提示】在以上句子結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could不是can的過去式，而是用來表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的，后跟動(dòng)詞原形。CouldIein?我可以進(jìn)來嗎?2.用CouldI..?時(shí)，表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方準(zhǔn)許，對(duì)方回答時(shí)不能用could,而要用can.CouldIuseyourbicycle?Yes,youcan.我可以用你的自行車嗎?是的，可以.對(duì)于這種請(qǐng)求的肯定和否定回答的常用語(yǔ)肯定回答：Certainly./Ofcourse./Withpleasure./Noproblem./Sure./Yes,youcan.否定回答：I'mafraidnot./No,I'mafraidIcan't./No,youcan't.三、could與can的區(qū)別could與can都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，could是can的過去式.二者都可用于表示請(qǐng)求，但是用法稍有不同：1.can表示一般性的請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣隨便，常用于熟人之間或長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩、上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的場(chǎng)合。Canyoutellusyourstory,Tony?你能給我們講講你的故事嗎，托尼?could表示有禮貌地請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣委婉，常用于非熟人之間或晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩、下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)的場(chǎng)合。—CouldyoutellusifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?—Sure.請(qǐng)告訴我們，澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎?當(dāng)然可以.Can/Couldforpoliterequestsandpermission提出禮貌的請(qǐng)求和許可過關(guān)練習(xí)題一.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—Shallwetakeacar?—No,we_________.It'sonlyfiveminutes'walk.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.couldn't()2.Allpassengers________gothroughsafetycheckbeforetheytakeaplane.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could()3.—Hi.Jack!CouldyouetoourEnglishparty?—Sorry,I____________.Ihavetolookaftermylittlesisterathome.A.mustB.couldC.can'tD.hasto()4.—__________youpleaseplaytenniswithme?—Sorry,I__________.A.Could;can'tB.Could;couldn'tC.Can;don'tD.Can;couldn't()5.Couldyou_________thewindow?Ifeelalittlecold.A.pleasenotopenB.pleasenottoopenC.notpleasetocloseD.pleasenottoclose二、從方框中選擇合適的詞(組),并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。canmaymusthavetoCouldyoumovethechairtothelivingroom?1.You_________go.Youcanstayhereifyouwant.2.一__________Ifinishthebooktoday?一No,youneedn't.3.Iwasbusylastweek.I_workeveryevening.4.Lookatthesign“NoPhotos!”.You__________takephotoshere.5.Mikeisgoodatsports.He______________playbasketball,footballandbaseball.6.I'mnotsureifLindawille.She__________beherelater.7.You__________makeyourroomuntidy.It'soneofthefamilyrules.二、用could,can,can’t,must與haveto填空。1.—______youlendmesomemoney?—Sure.Howmuchdoyouneed?2.—_______youpleasecleanthelivingroom?—Sorry,I______.I_______watertheflowersnow.3.Mybrother______playthepianoverywellwhenhewas7yearsold.4.—______Igooutfordinner?—No,you________doyourhomework.5.—Whataboutseeinganewfilmthisevening?—I’mafraidI______.I______finishmymathsexercisesthisevening.三.用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,can't,may,must,mustn't,needn't填空.1._________youeandplaywithusnow?I'mafraidI________.I_____________dothereading.I________elater.2.__________wecleanthewindowstoday?No,you___________.You_________cleanthemtomorrow.___________IwatchTVthisevening,mum?No,you___________.Work____efirst.___________Iein,please?Yes,please.Excuseme.____________youtellmethewaytothecinema?四、從右欄中找出左欄句子的同義句。1.Wecanleaveschoolearly.2.Wemustleaveschoolearly.3.Wemustn'tleaveschoolearly.4.Wehadtoleaveschoolearly.5.Wedon'tneedtoleaveschoolearly.A.Wemuststayuntiltheend.B.Wecouldn'tstayuntiltheend.C.Wecan'tstayuntiltheend.D.Wecanstayuntiltheend.E.Wedon'thavetostayuntiltheend.五、按要求完成句子，每空一詞(含縮略詞)。1.Tomcandolotsofskateboardingtricks.(改為一般疑問句)_________________________lotsofskateboardingtricks?2.Ihavetogetupearlyonschooldays.(改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)He_______________getupearlyonschooldays.3.—MustJimarriveatschoolbeforeeighto'clockinthemorning,MsWang?(補(bǔ)全答語(yǔ))—No,he_____________.4.Lilyhastoaskherteacherforhelp.(改為一般疑問句)________________________________askherteacherforhelp?5.Don'tuseyourmobilephoneintheclassroom.(改為同義句)You________turnoffyourmobilephoneintheclassroom.You_________useyourmobilephoneintheclassroom.6.Imaygotothesupermarketwithmymum.(改為否定句)I____________gotothesupermarketwithmymum.7.Couldyouletmeuseyourputer?(改為同義句)________________useyourputer?8.CanIhangoutwithmyfriendstomorrow?(作否定回答)_________,youcan't.Wehavetovisityourgrandparentstomorrow.9.Putthenewclockonthewall,please.(用could改寫句子)______________________pleaseputthenewclockonthewall?10.Ihavetosweepthefloorformygrandparents'arrival.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)__________youhaveto_________foryourgrandparents'arrival?過關(guān)練習(xí)題答案及解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇答案：C解析：?jiǎn)柧涮嶙h“坐汽車嗎？”，答句表示“不必，步行只需五分鐘”。needn't表示“不必”，符合語(yǔ)境；can't（不能）、mustn't（禁止）、couldn't（過去不能）均不符合。答案：C解析：乘客登機(jī)前“必須”過安檢，這是規(guī)定。must表示“必須”，符合語(yǔ)境；can（能）、may（可能）、could（過去能）均不符合。答案：C解析：?jiǎn)柧溆谩癈ouldyou...?”禮貌請(qǐng)求，答句表示“抱歉，我不能”，用can't回答現(xiàn)在的能力或可能性；must（必須）、could（過去能）、hasto（不得不）均不符合。答案：A解析：第一空用“Couldyouplease...?”表示禮貌請(qǐng)求；第二空回答現(xiàn)在的不能，用can't。B選項(xiàng)中“couldn't”用于過去，C、D的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。答案：A解析：“Couldyoupleasenotdosth.?”是固定句型，表示“請(qǐng)你不要做某事好嗎？”。根據(jù)后句“我有點(diǎn)冷”，可知是請(qǐng)求“不要開窗”，故選A。二、從方框中選擇合適的詞(組)填空答案：needn't解析：后句說“你想留下可以留下”，因此前句表示“你不必走”，needn't意為“不必”。答案：Must解析：答句用“needn't”回答，問句通常用Must提問（Must...?的否定回答用No,youneedn't.）。答案：hadto解析：前句說“上周很忙”，因此“每天晚上不得不工作”，過去時(shí)用hadto（haveto的過去式）。4.答案：mustn't解析：標(biāo)志“禁止拍照”，表示“不允許拍照”，mustn't意為“禁止”。5.答案：can解析：邁克擅長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此“他會(huì)打籃球、足球和棒球”，can表示“能力”。6.答案：may解析：“不確定琳達(dá)是否會(huì)來”，因此“她可能晚點(diǎn)到”，may表示“可能性”。7.答案：mustn't解析：“房間不整潔是家規(guī)之一”，因此“你禁止讓房間不整潔”，mustn't表示“禁止”。三、用could,can,can’t,must與haveto填空答案：Could/Can；can解析：請(qǐng)求借錢用“Could/Canyou...?”；肯定回答用“Sure”，用can表示同意。答案：Could；can’t；haveto解析：禮貌請(qǐng)求“打掃客廳”用“Couldyouplease...?”；拒絕用“can’t”；“現(xiàn)在不得不澆花”用haveto。答案：could解析：“7歲時(shí)彈鋼琴很好”，過去的能力用could（can的過去式）。答案：May/Can；haveto解析：請(qǐng)求“出去吃飯”用“May/CanI...?”；否定回答表示“必須做作業(yè)”，用haveto。答案：can’t；haveto解析：“恐怕不行”用can’t；“今晚不得不完成數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)”用haveto。四、用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空答案：Can/Could；can’t；haveto/must；may/can解析：請(qǐng)求“現(xiàn)在來玩嗎”用“Can/Couldyou...?”；拒絕用“can’t”；“必須做閱讀”用haveto/must；“可能晚點(diǎn)來”用may/can。答案：Must；needn’t；can/may解析：?jiǎn)柧洹氨仨毥裉觳链皯魡帷庇肕ust；否定回答用needn’t；“可以明天擦”用can/may。答案：May/Can；mustn’t；must解析：請(qǐng)求“今晚看電視嗎”用May/Can；否定回答“不行”用mustn’t；“工作必須優(yōu)先”用must。答案：May/Can/Could解析：請(qǐng)求“進(jìn)來”用“May/Can/CouldIein?”，均為禮貌表達(dá)。答案：Can/Could解析：?jiǎn)柭酚谩癈an/Couldyoutellme...?”，