AutomotiveShipmentsinValueTerms 2AutomotiveTrade 3Automobile-RelatedIndustriesandTotalEmployment 3Production 4NewRegistrations 5ImportedVehicleSales 6 6MotorVehiclesinUseandMotorVehicleDensity 7 8ExportsbyDestination 9Production ExportsbyDestination AutomatedDriving AttentiontotheEnvironmentClimateChange VehicleFuelEfficiency AlternativeFuelVehiclesandCO2ReductionsatManufacturers’Facilities MeasuringMotorVehicleFuelConsumptionandEmissions TaxesonAutomobiles TheBurdenonMotorVehicleUsers Driver’sLicensesandtheDrivingPopulation MotorVehicleClassification OverseasProduction OverseasProductionVolumes GlobalIndustryTies MotorVehiclesWorldwideGlobalProduction NewRegistrations MotorVehicles&MotorcyclesinUse/MotorVehicle&MotorcycleDensity JapanMobilityShow(formerlytheTokyoMotorShow) JAMAMemberManufacturers LocationsofAutoManufacturingPlants RelatedAutomotiveAssociations 2 0Automotive(17.4%)(100%)305.1302.0303.6292.1·Automobiles(includingmotorcycles)249,851·Autobodiesandtrailers8,318·Automotivepartsandaccessories369,773&As%ofValueofMachineryShipments(100%)Automotive(100%)00Ative r (100%)Automotive(30.6%)0e ——&& 3 InValueTerms,MotorVehicleExportsTotal21.6TrillionYen;MotorVehicleImportsTotal3.3TrillionYenIn2023Japan’sgrossexportsincreased2.8%fromthepreviousyear,whereasimportsdecreased7.0%.Invalueterms,automotiveexportsrose25.3%from2022to21.6trillionyenandimportsgrew22.4%year-on-yearto3.3trillionyen.2,164(21.5%)2,164(21.5%)(100%)329(3.0%)329(3.0%)(100%)AutoPartsMotorcycles&MotorcyclePartsAutoPartsMotorcycles&MotorcyclePartsAuto-RelatedEmploymentTotals5.58MillionPeopleAutomobilesarethefocusofanextremelywiderangeofindustrialandrelatedactivity,frommaterialssupplyandvehicleproductiontosales,servicing,freightshippingandotherauto-centeredoperations.Auto-relatedemploymentinJapanatpresenttotals5.58millionpeople.Totalemploymentinautomanufacturing&auto-relatedindustries:5.58millionTotalemploymentinautomanufacturing&auto-relatedindustries:5.58million(8.3%)(workforce)(100%)AutomobileProduction●Automobilemanufacturing(includingmotorcycles)190,000●Autopartsandaccessoriesmanufacturing●Autobodyandtrailermanufacturing25,000●Roadfreighttransport1,777,000●Roadpassengertransport476,000●Roadtransport-relatedservices387,000●Vehiclerentalservices50,000●Postalactivities103,000●Automotivefuelretailing294,000●Autodamageinsurance7,900●Automobilerecycling1,700●Automobileparking64,000●Electricalmachinery&equipment98,000●Non-ferrousmetals19,000●Iron&steel107,000●Metalproducts40,000●Chemicals(includingpaints),textiles,andpetroleum34,000●Plastics,rubber,andglass160,0●Electronicparts&equipment35,000●Manufacturingmachinery5,000●Informationservices36,000●Automobileretailing(includingmotorcycles,usedvehicles,andautopartsandaccessories)●Automobilewholesaling(includingmotorcycles,usedvehicles,andfinished/usedpartsandaccessories)221,000●Automobileservicing220,0004 MotorVehicleProductionTotals9MillionUnitsIn2023motorvehicleproductioninJapanstoodat8.99millionunits,up14.8%from2022,registeringanincreaseforthefirsttimeinfiveyears.Passengercarproductionjumped18.3%toatotalof7.77millionunits,withstandardcarssurging23.7%to5.03millionunits,smallcarsgrowing10.7%to1.33millionunits,andminicarsrising8.3%to1.41millionunits.Meanwhile,truckproductiondecreased4.8%fromthepreviousyearto1.13millionunitswhereasbusproductionclimbed22.9%to104,000units.Mini(4.5%)Mini(4.5%)(2.6%)(1.2%)\Standard492,823(5.5%)Mini(15.7%)Mini(15.7%)Standard(55.9%)Standard(55.9%)(14.8%)8686420StandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotalSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotal 5MotorVehicleSalesTotal4.78MillionUnitsPassengercarandcommercialvehicledemandinJapanin2023stoodat4.78millionunits,a13.8%increasefromthepreviousyear.Totalpassengercarsalesexpanded15.8%from2022to3.99millionunits,withstandardcarsclimbing30.6%to1.76millionunits,smallcarsgrowing1.8%to893,000units,andminicarsrising9.5%to1.34millionunits.Meanwhile,salesoftrucksgrew4.1%from2022to778,000unitsandsalesofbusessurged53.5%to8,400units..(3.1%)Standard(36.8%)(100%)(16.3%).(3.1%)Standard(36.8%)(100%)(16.3%)(0.2%)Mini(8.4%)Mini(8.4%)StandardMini(28.0%)(18.7%)(“Bonnet”TotalStandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotalSubtotal6 311,000NewImportedVehiclesSoldinTotalSalesofnewimportedvehiclesinJapanin2023totalled311,000units,up0.5%fromthepreviousyear,withnewpassengercarsdropping0.2%to277,000unitsbutnewcommercialvehicles(trucksandbuses)climbing6.9%to34,000units.Meanwhile,salesofusedimportedvehiclesincreased0.1%fromthepreviousyearto556,000units,withusedpassengercarsroughlythesameat534,000unitsbutusedtrucksrising6.1%to20,000units.CommercialVehiclesCommercialVehicles0OtherOtherUsedVehicleSalesTotal6.4MillionUnitsIn2023salesofusedmotorvehiclesincreased2.1%fromthepreviousyearto6.43millionunits.Usedpassengercarsalestotalled5.40millionunits,growing2.6%fromthepreviousyear,withstandardcarsandminicarsrising5.1%and3.3%to1.87millionunitsand2.30millionunits,respectively,butsmallcarsdropping2.1%to1.23millionunits.Meanwhile,salesofusedtrucksslipped0.4%to946,000unitsandsalesofusedbusesdipped4.6%to10,000units.(14.7%)Standard(29.1%)(100%)(83.9%)(19.1%)(14.7%)Standard(29.1%)(100%)(83.9%)(19.1%)Other(0.2%)(1.2%)MiniMini(8.9%)(8.9%)(3.2%)Standard(2.6%)MiniMinisOther(%)lMiniMini(%)(%)(%)(%)7 ATotalof78.76MillionMotorVehiclesinUseAttheendofDecember2023,motorvehiclesinuseinJapan(excludingmotorcycles)totalled78.76millionunits,a0.3%increasefromthepreviousyear.Passengercarsinusegrew0.3%to62.32millionunits,withstandardcarsandminicarsrising2.1%and0.9%to20.93millionunitsand23.40millionunits,respectively,butsmallcarsdropping2.7%to18.00millionunits.Whereastrucksinuseincreased0.4%to14.43millionunitscomparedtothepreviousyear,busesinusefell1.2%from2022to210,900units.AttheendofMarch2023,theaverageservicelifeofmotorvehiclesinJapanwas13.42yearsforpassengercars,15.96yearsfortrucks,and20.41yearsforbuses.(0.3%)1,798,264(2.3%)(0.3%)(4.5%)Standard (3.1%)Mini(10.7%)(18.3%)(100%)(79.1%)Standard(26.6%)Mini(29.7%)(22.9%)(M(M(Mini-tru616123Three-WheeledStandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotalSubtotal8 MotorVehicleExportsTotal4.42MillionUnitsExportsofmotorvehiclesin2023totalled4.42millionunits.Whereaspassengercarandbusexportsrose19.8%and20.6%to3.98millionunitsand103,000units,respectively,truckexportsfell16.0%fromthepreviousyearto341,000units.Mini(0.0%)Mini(0.0%)(2.3%)Mini(0.4%)Standard(7.3%)(7.7%)(100%)(89.9%)Standard(84.5%)(4.9%)(0.6%)7654321076543210 ■Asia■MiddleEast■Europe■NorthAmerica■LatinAmerica■Africa■Oceania■(EU)■(U.S.A.)0Other——StandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotal80000050000——————9 ARiseinMotorVehicleExportstoAlmostAllDestinationsMotorvehicleexportsincreasedin2023fromthepreviousyeartoNorthAmerica(1.72millionunits),Europe(775,100units),theMiddleEast(490,000units),Oceania(469,000units),andLatinAmerica(277,000units),butdecreasedtoAsia(575,000units)andAfrica(107,000units).(17.5%) (38.9%)(17.5%)ofwhichEU548,253(12.4%)ofofwhichEU548,253(12.4%)Middle(100%)(100%)(11.1%)(6.3%)(6.3%)(13.0%)(10.6%) OtherStandardMiniSubtotalStandardMiniSubtotal0000000000000000000000000000000002Middle0000000000000000000000000000EU000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Other000 MotorcycleProductionTotals683,000UnitsOveralldomesticmotorcycleproductionin2023declined1.7%fromthepreviousyearto683,000units.Byenginecapacity,Class1motor-drivencycles(50ccandunder)fell39.0%to93,000unitsandClass2125cc)dropped4.3%to52,000units,butmini-sizedmotorcycles(126ccto250cc)rose1.3%to54,000unitsandsmall-sizedmotorcycles(over250cc)climbed11.3%to483,000units.Thecombinedtotalforlargermotorcycles(allthoseover50cc)increased8.7%to590,000units.(13.6%)52,342(7.7%)(8.0%)(100%)(70.7%)00Motor-DrivenMotor-DrivenMini-SizedMotorcyclesMotorcyclesSubtotalMotorcycleSalesTotal405,000UnitsDomesticmotorcyclesalesin2023finishedat405,000units.Byenginecapacity,whereassalesofClass1motorcycles(50ccandunder)dropped29.3%to93,000unitsandsmall-sizedmotorcycles(over250cc)declined9.7%to91,000units,Class2motor-drive(126ccto250cc)grew0.5%to72,000units.Overallsalesofmotorcycleswithenginecapacityover50cctotalled312,000units,anincreaseof14.1%from2022.(22.5%)(22.5%)(22.9%)(100%)(36.9%)00OMotor-DrivenMotor-DrivenMini-SizedMotorcyclesMotorcyclesSubtotal 10.30MillionMotorcyclesinUseAtMarch31,2023,motorcyclesinuseinJapantotalled10.30millionunits,down0.1%fromthepreviousyear.Byenginecapacity,whereasClass1motor-drivencycles,accountingfor42%ofallmotorcyclesinuse,dropped3.5%to4.33millionunitsin2023,Class2motor-drivencycles,mini-sizedmotorcycles,andsmall-sizedmotorcyclesinuserose3.0%,1.4%,and3.4%to2.01millionunits,2.09millionunits,and1.87millionunits,respectively.Thus,motorcyclesover50ccinuseincreased2.6%,toatotalof5.97millionunits.(18.2%)(42.0%)(20.3%)(19.5%)(100%)840840OMotor-DrivenMotor-DrivenMini-SizedMotorcyclesMotorcyclesSubtotalMotorcycleExportsTotal518,000UnitsMotorcycleexportsin2023grew6.5%fromthepreviousyearto518,000units.Byenginecapacity,whereasexportsofClass1motor-drivencycles,Class2motor-drivencycles,andmini-sizedmotorcyclesdeclined20.2%,26.1%,and4.2%to20,000units,28,000units,and50,000units,respectively,exportsofsmall-sizedmotorcyclesclimbed13.1%to420,000units./(5.4%)(3.9%)(9.6%)(100%)(81.1%)00OMotor-DrivenMotor-DrivenMini-SizedMotorcyclesMotorcyclesSubtotal AnIncreaseinMotorcycleExportstoaMajorityofDestinationsComparedtothepreviousyear,motorcycleexportsin2023increasedtoEurope(265,000units),Asia(35,000units),Oceania(28,000units),andAfrica(12,000units),butdecreasedtoNorthAmerica(150,000units),LatinAmerica(22,000units),andtheMiddleEast(7,000units).aaaa(51.2%)149,514(28.8%)(51.2%)ofwhichU.S.A.132,218ofwhichU.S.A.132,218(25.5%)Middle(100%)(100%)(1.3%)(6.7%)(6.7%)(4.3%)(5.4%)(5.4%) Motor-DrivenMotor-DrivenMini-SizedMotorcyclesMotorcyclesSubtotal00000024000020Middle0EU0000000000000000000000000000000066306046000009000066PromotingGreaterRoadSafetyIn2023roadfatalities(definedhereasdeathstakingplacewithin24hoursofaccidentoccurrence)inJapanroseto2,678,thefirstsuchincreaseineightyears.Roadaccidentsandroadinjuriesalsosawincreases,forthefirsttimeinnineteenyears,to307,911(innumberofaccidents)and365,027(innumberofpersons).AstheagingofJapan'ssocietyadvances,annualroadaccidentstatisticsshowagrowingratioofelderlypeople(aged65yearsandolder)inroadfatalities.Inaddition,thenumberoffatalroadaccidentsper100,000driver'slicenseholdersattributabletoelderlydrivers(aged75yearsandolder)isthelargestamongagegroups.00f00009.75yTourism,NationalPocooperativelytopromotethewidespreaduseof“safetysupportcars”(“sapocars”forshort)equippedwithsafetyfeaturesThe“SapocarS”concepthasthreesub-classifications,basedonthesafetyfeaturesinstalled.Passengercarsequippedwithadvancedemergencybrakingsystems;suitableforalldriversPassengercarsequippedwithadvancedemergencybrakingsystemsandaccelerationcontrolforpedalerror;suitableespeciallyforelderlydrivers“Wide”“Basic+”“Basic”AdvancedEmergencyBrakingSystemAccelerationControlforPedalError044.944.90Automaticcollisionnotification(ACN)isanonboard-basedsystemthatautomaticallycommunicatesessentialinformationtorelevantauthoritiesintheeventofaseriousroadtrafficaccident,suchaswhenanairbagisdeployed,withoutrequiringthedriverorwitnessestoreporttheincidentthemselves.Advancedautomaticcollisionnotification(AACN)isanenhancedversionofACNwhoseonboardinstallationissteadilyexpanding.Asoftheendof2023,morethan6.6millionvehicleswereequippedwithAACN.AutomaticcollisionnotificationAutomaticcommunicationofessentialinformation(location,etc.)totheauthoritiesconcernedintheeventofaseriousroadtrafficaccidentAACNAdvancedautomaticcollisionnotificationEssentialinformationautomaticallycommunicatedtorelevantauthoritiesintheeventofaseriousroadtrafficaccidentisaugmentedwithinformationonthestatusofvehicleoccupantinjuries,whichisdirectedalsotofiredepartmentsandmedicalfacilitiesfortheirpromptAACN:ASchematicOverviewCumulativeNumberofAACN-EquippedVehiclesinUse4,845,1464,845,146InformationcoordinationAutomatedDrivingMemoIn2018theJapanesegovernmentreleasedanoutlineofIn2018theJapanesegovernmentreleasedanoutlineofthebroadspectrumofsystem-buildingmeasuresneededforthereal-worldimplementationofautomateddriving.Theadoptionin2020ofarevisedRoadTrafficActandarevisedRoadVehiclesActmadeitmandatoryforautomateddrivingsystemsanddevicestocomplywithsafetystandards.Inaddition,ruleswereestablishedregardingtheobligationsofdriversofvehiclesequippedwithautomateddrivingsystems,withtheinclusionofautomateddrivingeventdatarecordersinsuchsystemsalsobeingmandated.TheseinitiativesallowedLevel3self-drivingvehiclestorunonpublicroads.In2022afurtherrevisionoftheRoadTrafficActwasadoptedenablingthecreationofanauthorizationsystemtofacilitateLevel4automateddriving(self-drivingvehiclesusedunderspecificcircumstances,e.g.,ondesignatedandlimitedroutes)andLevel4automatedvehicleuseinaccordancewiththosestipulationsstartedinApril2023.JAMAmembercompaniesareactivelyworkingtowardsthepracticalandwidespreaduseofautomateddrivingtechnologiesinlinewiththeinitiativesundertakenbythegovernment.ZeroaccidentsZerocongestionEnablingoptimallyaccessiblemobilityEnablingoptimallyefficientfreighttransportThroughtheeliminationofhumanerrorThroughmoreefficientroadandvehicleuse(viatelematics)Throughoptimallyefficientdoor-to-doorvehicleuse,“anytimeandanywhere”AutomatedDefinitionDriverperformstheentiredynamicdrivingtask(DDT).Driver-Driver-assistancesystemperformsthesubtasksofeitherlongitudinalorlateralvehiclemotioncontrol(withinalimitedoperationaldesigndomain),whilethedriverperformsallotherDDTsubtasks.DriverVehicleswithdriver-Advanceddriver-assistancesystemperformsthesubtasksofbothlongitudinalandlateralvehiclemotioncontrol(withinalimitedoperationaldesigndomain),monitoredbythedriverwhoperformsallotherDDTsubtasksandcantakemanualcontrolatanytime.DriverADSperformstheentireDDT(withinalimitedoperationaldesigndomain).However,drivermustremainalertandrespondappropriatelytoADS-issuedrequeststointervenewhenADScannotexecuteatask(=humanoverride).(Driver,whenADScannotexecuteatask)conditionaldrivingautomationADSperformstheentireDDT(withinalimitedoperationaldesigndomain)andrespondsintheeventofoperationaldifficulty.However,Level4vehiclescanoperateonlyunderspecificcircumstances,withhumanoverrideremaininganoption.VehicleswithhighdrivingautomationADSperformstheentireDDTandrespondsunconditionally(notwithinalimitedoperationaldesigndomain)intheeventofoperationaldifficulty,withnoneedforhumanintervention.Vehicleswithfulldrivingautomation ClimateChangeandCO2EmissionsReduction:TheResponseoftheTransportSectorIn2022Japan’sCO2emissionstotalled1.04billiontons,ofwhichthetransportationsectoraccountedfornearly19%.Despiteasmallincreasein2022overthepreviousyear,CO2emissionvolumesinJapan’stransportsectorhavetrendeddownwardssincepeakingin2001,owinglargelytoincreasedfuelefficiencyinpassengercarsandgreaterefficiencyingoodsdistribution.TheautomobileindustrywillcontinuetovigorouslypromoteCO2emissionsreductioninroadtransportbyfurtherimprovingvehiclefuelefficiencyandexpandingthemarketsupplyofalternativefuelvehicles.0%4%0%4%8%34%16%3%t0781489779877778877887777887788777899998888577999857799988787CO2EmissionsReduction:ImprovingVehicleFuelEfficiencyFuelefficiencytargetsforpassengercars,trucks,andbusesareformulatedbyapplying“toprunner”criteriawherebythetargetvalueforagivenvehicleweightcategoryisestablishedbasedontheleadingfuelefficiencyperformancetodateforthatweightcategory.Tocomply,first,withstringent2015averagefuelefficiencytargetsforheavy-dutyvehiclesaswellaswitha2020targetforpassengercarsand,subsequently,witha2022targetforsmalltrucks,2025targetsforheavy-dutyvehicles,anda2030targetforpassengercars,JAMAmembermanufacturershavebeenmakingcontinuouseffortstoincreasethefuelefficiencyofconventionalvehiclesandexpandthesupplyofalternativefuelvehicles.Calculationoftheaveragefuelefficiencytargetof25.4km/L(a32.4%increaseovertheactualvaluein2016)establishedfor2030fornewpassengercarstookintoaccount,forthefirsttime,thefuelefficiencyperformancesofelectricvehiclesandplug-inelectricvehicles.vehicleweightvehicleweightOther2015targetv2015targetv2025targetv2015targetv2025targetv2015targetvMoreefficientfuelconsumption:Reductionoffrictionloss:ImprovedImprovedpowertrain2020targetvalue2009actualvalue2030targetvalue2016actualvalue . ..SmallSmalltrucks2022targetv AttentiontotheEnvironmentIn-UseStatusofAlternativeFuelVehiclesSince2009,whenthegovernment’staxincentive/subsidyprogramsforthepurchaseofecintroduced,newregistrationsofalternativefuelvehicles—includinghybrid,plug-inhybrid,electric,fuelcell,cleandiesel,andothernew-energyvehiclowingtothespreadofCOVID-19.Nevertheless,asaresultanddespitetheimpactofthepandemic,theshareofalternativefuelvehiclesinnewpassengercarregistrationscontinuestoexpandyearly,reaching54%in2023.Themorewidespreadvehicleandrelatedtechnologies,butalso,amongothergovernmentinitiatives,theestablishmentofthenecessaryfuel/energysupplyinfrastructuresandthecontinuedprovisionofpurchasingincentives.0000000000075050.0. ....CO2ReductionsatManufacturers’FacilitiesJapan’sautomakers,togetherwiththemembercompaniesoftheJapanAuto-BodyIndustriesAssociation(JABIA),haveforyearstakenmeasurestoreduceenergyconsumptionandotherwisecutCO2emissionsattheirproductionplants.HavingmorerecentlyexpandedtheirvoluntaryCO2reductionactivitiestoalsoincludeadministrativeandresearchfacilities,theircombinedfacility-emittedCO2in2022totalled5.17milliontons(preliminaryfigure),down10,000tonsfromthepreviousyear.Witharevisedtargetfor2030of4.63milliontons(downfromtheprevioustargetof6.16milliontons),JAMAandJABIAmembercompanieswillstriveforfurtherCO2reductionsattheirfacilities.987654一一0/VoluntaryInitiativestoEliminatetheUseofFourHeavyMetalsinMotorVehiclesJAMAmembermanufacturershave,onavoluntarybasis,eliminatedtheuseoffourheavymetals—lead,mercury,hexavalentchromiumandcadmium—innewvehiclestoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact,par