2025年經(jīng)濟(jì)師資格考試經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)押題預(yù)測(cè)模擬試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（下列每題只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意，請(qǐng)將正確選項(xiàng)的代表字母填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)位置。每題1分，共60分）1.微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是（）。2.在其他條件不變的情況下，某種商品的價(jià)格上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致其需求量（）。3.邊際效用遞減規(guī)律是指（）。4.完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)上，廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)短期利潤(rùn)最大化的條件是（）。5.壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的主要特征是（）。6.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值（GNP）與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）的關(guān)系是（）。7.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基本動(dòng)力因素通常包括（）。8.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的目標(biāo)通常包括（）。9.財(cái)政政策的主要工具是（）。10.中央銀行調(diào)節(jié)貨幣供應(yīng)量的主要手段是（）。11.金融市場(chǎng)的基本功能不包括（）。12.通貨膨脹從總體上表現(xiàn)為（）。13.下列屬于貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制的是（）。14.統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查按調(diào)查對(duì)象范圍不同可分為（）。15.統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)按其性質(zhì)不同可分為（）。16.會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能是（）。17.資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表是反映企業(yè)（）的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表。18.下列項(xiàng)目中，不屬于流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)的是（）。19.成本-pushinflationreferstoinflationcausedbyarisein()。20.Themainfunctionofgovernmentbudgetis()。21.Amarketstructureinwhichasinglefirmisthesoleproviderofaproductorserviceiscalled()。22.GDPpercapitaiscalculatedbydividing()。23.Fiscalpolicyaffectstheeconomyprimarilythroughitsimpacton()。24.Theprocessbywhichchangesinthemoneysupplyaffecttheeconomyisknownas()。25.Asamplesurveyistypicallymorecost-effectivethanacensusbecause()。26.Theprimarypurposeofaccountingisto()。27.Theaccountingequationisexpressedas()。28.Themoneysupplythatincludescurrencyincirculationanddemanddepositsisknownas()。29.Asituationwheretheactualoutputislessthanthepotentialoutputiscalled()。30.Theexchangeratebetweentwocurrenciesisdeterminedbytherelativesupplyanddemandfor()。31.Thelawofdiminishingreturnsappliestotheshort-runproductionof()。32.Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,inthelongrun,firmsearn()。33.Consumersurplusisthedifferencebetweenthemaximumpriceconsumersarewillingtopayandtheactualpricetheypay.(判斷題)34.Anincreaseintheminimumwagewillnecessarilyleadtoanincreaseinunemployment.(判斷題)35.GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)measuresthetotalvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountry'sbordersinagivenperiod.(判斷題)36.Inflationcanleadtoaredistributionofincomeandwealth.(判斷題)37.Thecentralbankcanincreasethemoneysupplybybuyinggovernmentbondsintheopenmarket.(判斷題)38.Adouble-entrysystemisafundamentalprincipleofaccounting.(判斷題)39.Depreciationisanexpensethatrepresentsthedeclineinvalueoflong-termassets.(判斷題)40.Theaccountingprofitisalwaysgreaterthantheeconomicprofit.(判斷題)二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（下列每題有多個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意，請(qǐng)將正確選項(xiàng)的代表字母填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)位置。每題2分，共20分）41.Consumersovereigntyisreflectedinthefollowingaspects:()A.Thegovernmentdetermineswhatgoodsandservicesareproduced.B.Firmsproducewhatconsumersdemand.C.Consumershavethepowertochoosefromavarietyofproducts.D.Thepricesofgoodsandservicesarefixedbylaw.42.Thefactorscontributingtoeconomicgrowthinclude:()A.Technologicalprogress.B.Anincreaseinthelaborforce.C.Improvededucationandskills.D.Adecreaseinsavingsrate.43.Thetoolsoffiscalpolicyinclude:()A.Taxes.B.Governmentspending.C.Interestrates.D.Transferpayments.44.Thefunctionsofmoneyinclude:()A.Mediumofexchange.B.Unitofaccount.C.Storeofvalue.D.StandardofDeferredPayment.45.Thefollowingstatementsaboutmonopolyaretrue:()A.Amonopolistmaximizesprofitbysettingmarginalrevenueequaltomarginalcost.B.Monopoliesareinefficientbecausetheyproducelessandchargehigherpricesthancompetitivemarkets.C.Monopoliescanearneconomicprofitsinthelongrun.D.Monopoliesalwaysleadtoadeadweightloss.46.Awell-designedstatisticalindexshouldpossessthefollowingcharacteristics:()A.Homogeneity.B.Intuitive.C.Deflatability.D.Reproducibility.47.Thefollowingitemsareincludedincurrentassetsonabalancesheet:()A.Cashandcashequivalents.B.Accountsreceivable.C.Inventory.D.Fixedassets.48.Thefollowingarethefunctionsofgovernmentbudget:()A.Resourceallocation.B.Macroeconomicstabilization.C.Incomeredistribution.D.Monitoringeconomicperformance.49.Thefollowingarethefunctionsofcentralbank:()A.Issuingcurrency.B.Regulatingcommercialbanks.C.Implementingmonetarypolicy.D.Providingfinancialadvicetogovernment.50.Theprocessofeconomicdevelopmenttypicallyinvolves:()A.Increaseinpercapitaincome.B.Structuraltransformationoftheeconomy.C.Improvementinlivingstandards.D.Stabilizationofpoliticalenvironment.三、案例分析題（請(qǐng)根據(jù)案例內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題。每題10分，共20分）案例一：某市近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，但同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了通貨膨脹的壓力。政府為了應(yīng)對(duì)通貨膨脹，決定采取緊縮性的財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策。政府計(jì)劃減少公共開支，并提高稅率。同時(shí)，中央銀行決定提高存款準(zhǔn)備金率，并提高基準(zhǔn)利率。問(wèn)題：1.政府采取的緊縮性財(cái)政政策可能對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生哪些影響？2.中央銀行采取的緊縮性貨幣政策可能對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生哪些影響？案例二：一家生產(chǎn)電子產(chǎn)品的公司，為了提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和降低成本，決定進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。技術(shù)改造完成后，該公司發(fā)現(xiàn)其產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力顯著增強(qiáng)，銷售額大幅上升。但同時(shí)，該公司也面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，例如需要招聘和培訓(xùn)掌握新技術(shù)的員工，以及需要更新生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。問(wèn)題：1.該公司的技術(shù)改造屬于哪種生產(chǎn)要素的投入？2.該公司的技術(shù)改造對(duì)其經(jīng)營(yíng)產(chǎn)生了哪些積極影響和挑戰(zhàn)？試卷答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.C解析：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是價(jià)格理論。2.B解析：根據(jù)需求定律，價(jià)格與需求量成反比。3.C解析：邊際效用遞減規(guī)律是指隨著消費(fèi)數(shù)量的增加，每增加一單位商品帶來(lái)的邊際效用逐漸減少。4.C解析：完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)上，廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)短期利潤(rùn)最大化的條件是邊際收益等于邊際成本（MR=MC）。5.B解析：壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的主要特征是市場(chǎng)上存在許多廠商，廠商生產(chǎn)有差別的產(chǎn)品，廠商面臨的需求曲線是向下傾斜的，但較為平坦。6.A解析：國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值（GNP）是指一個(gè)國(guó)家國(guó)民在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)所生產(chǎn)的所有最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值總和，無(wú)論生產(chǎn)發(fā)生在國(guó)內(nèi)還是國(guó)外；國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是指一個(gè)國(guó)家在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)所生產(chǎn)的所有最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值總和，無(wú)論生產(chǎn)者國(guó)籍如何，生產(chǎn)只發(fā)生在國(guó)內(nèi)。7.ABC解析：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基本動(dòng)力因素通常包括技術(shù)進(jìn)步、資本積累（投資增加）和人力資本積累（教育、健康、技能提升）。8.ABCD解析：宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的目標(biāo)通常包括促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、穩(wěn)定物價(jià)、充分就業(yè)、國(guó)際收支平衡等。9.AB解析：財(cái)政政策的主要工具是政府支出和稅收。政府支出包括購(gòu)買商品和勞務(wù)、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等；稅收是政府財(cái)政收入的主要來(lái)源，也是調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要工具。10.A解析：中央銀行調(diào)節(jié)貨幣供應(yīng)量的主要手段是公開市場(chǎng)操作，即買賣政府債券。11.D解析：金融市場(chǎng)的基本功能包括資金融通功能、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配功能、價(jià)格發(fā)現(xiàn)功能、提供流動(dòng)性功能。12.A解析：通貨膨脹從總體上表現(xiàn)為物價(jià)水平持續(xù)而普遍地上漲。13.ABCD解析：貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制主要包括利率傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制、信貸傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制、資產(chǎn)價(jià)格傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制、匯率傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制等。14.AB解析：統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查按調(diào)查對(duì)象范圍不同可分為全面調(diào)查和抽樣調(diào)查。全面調(diào)查對(duì)調(diào)查總體中的所有單位進(jìn)行調(diào)查；抽樣調(diào)查則從調(diào)查總體中抽取一部分單位進(jìn)行調(diào)查。15.ABC解析：統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)按其性質(zhì)不同可分為總量指標(biāo)、相對(duì)指標(biāo)和平均指標(biāo)。16.AB解析：會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能是核算和監(jiān)督。17.A解析：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表是反映企業(yè)某一特定日期財(cái)務(wù)狀況的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表。18.D解析：流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)是指可以在一年內(nèi)或者超過(guò)一年的一個(gè)營(yíng)業(yè)周期內(nèi)變現(xiàn)或者運(yùn)用的資產(chǎn)，包括現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物、交易性金融資產(chǎn)、應(yīng)收票據(jù)、應(yīng)收賬款、預(yù)付款項(xiàng)、其他應(yīng)收款、存貨等；固定資產(chǎn)不屬于流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)。19.A解析：成本-pushinflationreferstoinflationcausedbyanincreaseinproductioncosts,suchaswagesorrawmaterialprices.20.A解析：Themainfunctionofgovernmentbudgetistoallocateresources,stabilizetheeconomy,andredistributeincome.21.A解析：Amarketstructureinwhichasinglefirmisthesoleproviderofaproductorserviceiscalledamonopoly.22.A解析：GDPpercapitaiscalculatedbydividingGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)bythepopulation.23.ABC解析：Fiscalpolicyaffectstheeconomyprimarilythroughitsimpactonaggregatedemandbychanginggovernmentspending,taxes,andtransferpayments.24.A解析：Theprocessbywhichchangesinthemoneysupplyaffecttheeconomyisknownasthemonetarytransmissionmechanism.25.A解析：Asamplesurveyistypicallymorecost-effectivethanacensusbecauseitinvolvesstudyingonlyasmallfractionofthepopulation,thusreducingcosts.26.A解析：Theprimarypurposeofaccountingistoprovidefinancialinformationtovariousstakeholderssuchasinvestors,creditors,andmanagement.27.B解析：TheaccountingequationisexpressedasAssets=Liabilities+Equity.28.D解析：ThemoneysupplythatincludescurrencyincirculationanddemanddepositsisknownasM1.29.A解析：Asituationwheretheactualoutputislessthanthepotentialoutputiscalledarecessionarygaporoutputgap.30.A解析：Theexchangeratebetweentwocurrenciesisdeterminedbytherelativesupplyanddemandforthosecurrenciesintheforeignexchangemarket.31.A解析：Thelawofdiminishingreturnsappliestotheshort-runproductionofagoodwhenoneinputisincreasedwhileholdingotherinputsconstant.32.A解析：Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,inthelongrun,firmsearnzeroeconomicprofitduetofreeentryandexit.33.F解析：Consumersurplusisthedifferencebetweenthemaximumpriceconsumersarewillingtopayandtheactualpricetheypay,butitisnotalwayspositive.34.T解析：Anincreaseintheminimumwage,ifsetabovetheequilibriumwage,canleadtoasurplusoflabor,whichisunemployment.35.T解析：GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)measuresthetotalvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountry'sbordersinagivenperiod.36.T解析：Inflationcanleadtoaredistributionofincomeandwealth,forexample,fromborrowerstolenders.37.T解析：Thecentralbankcanincreasethemoneysupplybybuyinggovernmentbondsintheopenmarket,injectingliquidityintothebankingsystem.38.T解析：Adouble-entrysystemisafundamentalprincipleofaccountingwhereeverytransactionaffectsatleasttwoaccounts.39.T解析：Depreciationisanexpensethatrepresentsthedeclineinvalueoflong-termassetsduetouse,wear,andtear.40.F解析：Accountingprofitistotalrevenueminusexplicitcosts,whileeconomicprofitistotalrevenueminusbothexplicitandimplicitcosts.Economicprofitcanbezeroornegativeevenwhenaccountingprofitispositive.二、多項(xiàng)選擇題41.BC解析：Consumersovereigntyreferstotheideathatconsumershavethepowertoinfluencewhatisproducedinamarketeconomybytheirpurchasingdecisions.Firmsproducewhatconsumersdemand(B),andconsumershavethepowertochoosefromavarietyofproducts(C).Thegovernmentdoesnotdeterminewhatgoodsandservicesareproduced(A),andpricesaredeterminedbymarketforces,notfixedbylaw(D).42.ABC解析：Thefactorscontributingtoeconomicgrowthincludetechnologicalprogress(A),anincreaseinthelaborforce(B),andimprovededucationandskills(C).Adecreaseinthesavingsrate(D)wouldtypicallyleadtolesscapitalaccumulation,potentiallyslowingeconomicgrowth.43.ABD解析：Thetoolsoffiscalpolicyincludetaxes(A),governmentspending(B),andtransferpayments(D).Interestrates(C)areatoolofmonetarypolicy,typicallycontrolledbythecentralbank.44.ABCD解析：Thefunctionsofmoneyincludeservingasamediumofexchange(A),aunitofaccount(B),astoreofvalue(C),andastandardofdeferredpayment(D).45.ABC解析：Amonopolistmaximizesprofitbysettingmarginalrevenueequaltomarginalcost(A).Monopoliesareinefficientbecausetheyproducelessandchargehigherpricesthancompetitivemarkets(B),leadingtoadeadweightloss(D).However,amonopolistcanearneconomicprofitsinthelongrunifbarrierstoentrypreventnewfirmsfromenteringthemarket(C).46.ABD解析：Awell-designedstatisticalindexshouldpossessthefollowingcharacteristics:homogeneity(A),intuitiveness(B),andreproducibility(D).Deflatability(C)isnotastandardcharacteristicofastatisticalindex.47.ABC解析：Thefollowingitemsareincluded