2025年考研英語（二）閱讀理解長篇實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：詞匯積累與解題策略考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithconsumersdirectly,industriesfromtransportationtoconsultinghaveseenasurgeinshort-termcontractsandfreelancework.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibilityforbothworkersandbusinesses,allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andoftenworkremotely.Forcompanies,itprovidesascalableworkforcethatcanbeeasilyadjustedtofluctuatingdemandwithouttheoverheadoftraditionalemployment.However,theflexibilityofthegigeconomyoftencomesatacost.Many"gigworkers"lackthesecurityandbenefitsassociatedwithpermanentpositions,suchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleave.Thetransientnatureofgigworkcanleadtoincomeinstability,makingfinancialplanningchallengingforworkers.Furthermore,theabsenceofalong-termemploymentrelationshipmaydiminishopportunitiesforcareerdevelopmentandmentorshipwithinanorganization.Criticsalsopointoutthepotentialforexploitation,asplatformalgorithmscansometimesprioritizespeedandcost-efficiencyoverfaircompensationorreasonableworkingconditions.Thequestionofwhethergigworkrepresentsagenuinealternativetotraditionalemploymentormerelyaprecariousshadoweconomyremainshighlydebated.Theregulatorylandscapeforgigworkisalsoevolvingrapidly,asgovernmentsgrapplewithhowtoclassifygigworkersandallocateresponsibilityforsocialsafetynets.Somejurisdictionsareexperimentingwithhybridmodelsthatoffercertainbenefitswhilepreservingtheflexibilityofgigwork.Thedebateultimatelyrevolvesaroundstrikingabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandentrepreneurshipinthedigitaleconomyandensuringthattheindividualsparticipatinginitarefairlycompensatedandprotected.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorargumentinfavorofthegigeconomy?2.Whataresomepotentialdrawbacksmentionedforgigworkers?3.Whatisakeychallengementionedforgovernmentsregardingthegigeconomy?4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisthecentralissueinthedebateaboutgigwork?PassageTwoTheconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbydigitaldistractionsandconstantconnectivity,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeincreasinglyrareandvaluable.Individualswhocanengageindeepworkareoftenmoreproductive,creative,andcapableofsolvingcomplexproblems.Companiesareincreasinglyseekingtocultivateenvironmentsthatfosterdeepwork,recognizingitsimportanceforinnovationandmaintainingacompetitiveedge.Cultivatingdeepworkrequiresdeliberateeffortandtheestablishmentofspecificroutinesandpractices.Newportsuggestsseveralstrategies,suchasminimizingdistractionsbyturningoffnotifications,creatingdedicatedworkspaces,andschedulinguninterruptedblocksoftimeforfocusedeffort.Additionally,masteringtheabilitytoenterastateof"flow"—amentalstateofcompleteabsorptioninanactivity—cansignificantlyenhancedeepworkproductivity.Thisofteninvolvessettingcleargoals,breakingdownlargetasksintomanageablecomponents,andcontinuouslyrefiningone'sskillsthroughpracticeandfeedback.Despiteitsbenefits,thepracticeofdeepworkfacesnumerousobstaclesintoday'shyper-connectedworld.Thepervasivenessofsocialmedia,email,andotherdigitalcommunicationtoolscreatesaconstantbarrageofnotificationsandopportunitiesfordiversion.Evenbriefinterruptionscandisruptcognitiveprocesses,makingitdifficulttoreturntoastateofdeepfocus.Moreover,themodernworkplaceoftendiscouragesdeepworkinfavorofconstantcollaborationandcommunication,which,whilesometimesnecessary,candetractfromtheconcentrationrequiredfortruedeepwork.Asaresult,developingandmaintainingtheabilitytoengageindeepworkhasbecomeacriticalskillforprofessionalsseekingtomaximizetheirproductivityandimpact.Questions:5.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomemethodsforcultivatingdeepwork?7.Whatisasignificantchallengetomaintainingdeepworkinthemodernenvironment?8.Basedonthepassage,whatdoestheabilitytoengageindeepworkenableindividualstodo?PassageThreeTheproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumanscommunicate,shareinformation,andformcommunities.Whiletheseplatformshavefacilitatedunprecedentedconnectivityacrosstheglobe,allowingindividualstomaintainrelationshipsandaccessavastarrayofcontentwithease,theyhavealsointroducedahostofnewchallenges.Therapidspreadofmisinformation,thephenomenonofechochambers,andthepotentialforcyberbullyingarejustafewexamplesofthenegativeconsequencesthathaveemergedalongsidethebenefitsofsocialmedia.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernssurroundingsocialmediaisitsimpactonmentalhealth.Studieshaverepeatedlylinkedheavysocialmediausetoincreasedfeelingsofloneliness,anxiety,anddepression,particularlyamongyoungerusers.Thecuratedandoftenidealizedpresentationsoflifeonsocialmediacanfostersocialcomparison,leadingindividualstofeelinadequateordissatisfiedwiththeirowncircumstances.Furthermore,theconstantbarrageofnotificationsandthepressuretomaintainanonlinepersonacancontributetofeelingsofstressandburnout.Anotherchallengeistheeasewithwhichharmfulcontentcanspreadonsocialmedia.Falseinformation,hatespeech,andcoordinateddisinformationcampaignscanrapidlyreachlargeaudiences,sometimeswithsignificantreal-worldconsequences.Thealgorithmsthatpowersocialmediaplatforms,designedtomaximizeengagement,caninadvertentlyamplifysensationalordivisivecontent,makingitdifficulttodiscernfactfromfiction.Addressingtheseissuesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includinggreatermedialiteracyeducation,moreresponsiblealgorithmicdesign,androbustplatformpoliciestocombatthespreadofharmfulcontent.Questions:9.Whathasbeentheprimaryimpactofsocialmediaonhumancommunication?10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomenegativeeffectsofsocialmediaonmentalhealth?11.Whatisamajorproblemassociatedwiththespreadofinformationonsocialmediaplatforms?12.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessarytoaddressthechallengesposedbysocialmedia?PassageFourSustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalpriorityforcitiesworldwideaspopulationscontinuetogrowandtheenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationbecomesincreasinglyapparent.Traditionalmodelsofurbanexpansion,characterizedbysprawl,relianceonprivatevehicles,andhighconsumption,arenolongerviableinthefaceofclimatechange,resourcedepletion,andgrowinginequality.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstocreatecitiesthatareenvironmentallysound,sociallyequitable,andeconomicallyresilient.Keycomponentsofsustainableurbandevelopmentincludepromotingcompactandmixed-usecommunitiesthatreducetheneedfortransportation,investinginefficientpublictransitsystems,andencouragingtheuseofrenewableenergysources.Greenbuildingpractices,suchastheintegrationofgreenspaces,energy-efficientdesigns,andsustainablematerials,cansignificantlyreducethecarbonfootprintofurbaninfrastructure.Additionally,sustainableurbandevelopmentemphasizestheimportanceofsocialequity,ensuringaccesstoaffordablehousing,qualityeducation,healthcare,andrecreationalfacilitiesforallresidents,regardlessoftheirsocioeconomicstatus.Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequirescollaborationamonggovernments,businesses,andcommunities.Policyframeworksmustbeestablishedtoincentivizesustainablepracticesandregulateharmfulones.Urbanplanningneedstobeinclusive,incorporatingtheneedsandperspectivesofallresidents.Furthermore,technologicalinnovationcanplayacrucialrole,fromsmartgridsandenergy-efficientlightingtoinnovativewastemanagementsystems.Whilethepathtosustainableurbandevelopmentiscomplexandrequiressustainedeffort,thebenefits—cleanerair,healthierpopulations,moreresilienteconomies,andamoreequitablesociety—arewellworththeinvestment.Questions:13.Whatisthemaingoalofsustainableurbandevelopment?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomestrategiesforpromotingsustainableurbandevelopment?15.Whatroledoescollaborationplayinachievingsustainableurbandevelopment?16.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofsustainableurbandevelopment?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解PassageOne1.B*解析思路：題干問“支持者認(rèn)為兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibilityforbothworkersandbusinesses,allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andoftenworkremotely.”可知，支持者認(rèn)為這種模式（指兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)）為工人和企業(yè)提供了無與倫比的靈活性，允許個(gè)人選擇自己的工作時(shí)間、項(xiàng)目和通常遠(yuǎn)程工作。B項(xiàng)“為工人和企業(yè)提供無與倫比的靈活性”與原文信息一致。2.A*解析思路：題干問“文章提到兼職工作者面臨的一些潛在缺點(diǎn)是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第二段，該段主要討論了兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)的缺點(diǎn)。首句提到“然而，兼職的靈活性往往伴隨著成本。”接著具體列舉了缺點(diǎn)：“許多‘兼職工作者’缺乏與傳統(tǒng)雇傭關(guān)系相關(guān)的安全性和福利，例如健康保險(xiǎn)、退休計(jì)劃和帶薪休假?！币约啊按送猓狈﹂L期雇傭關(guān)系可能會(huì)減少在組織內(nèi)部職業(yè)發(fā)展和獲得指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)?！边€有“批評(píng)者還指出剝削的可能性，因?yàn)槠脚_(tái)算法有時(shí)會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮速度和成本效益，而不是公平的報(bào)酬或合理的工作條件?！盇項(xiàng)“缺乏與傳統(tǒng)雇傭關(guān)系相關(guān)的安全性和福利”概括了第二段的核心內(nèi)容，涵蓋了健康保險(xiǎn)、退休計(jì)劃、帶薪休假以及職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)減少等方面，是兼職工作者面臨的主要潛在缺點(diǎn)。3.D*解析思路：題干問“文章提到政府在處理兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)面臨的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Theregulatorylandscapeforgigworkisalsoevolvingrapidly,asgovernmentsgrapplewithhowtoclassifygigworkersandallocateresponsibilityforsocialsafetynets.”可知，監(jiān)管環(huán)境也在迅速發(fā)展，因?yàn)楦鲊谂鉀Q如何對(duì)兼職工作者進(jìn)行分類以及如何分配社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)責(zé)任的問題。D項(xiàng)“如何對(duì)兼職工作者進(jìn)行分類以及如何分配社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)責(zé)任”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文中政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。4.C*解析思路：題干問“文章表明，關(guān)于兼職工作，爭論的核心理題是什么？”。文章第三段最后一句“Thedebateultimatelyrevolvesaroundstrikingabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandentrepreneurshipinthedigitaleconomyandensuringthattheindividualsparticipatinginitarefairlycompensatedandprotected.”指出，這場辯論最終是圍繞著在促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)與確保參與其中的個(gè)人得到公平補(bǔ)償和保護(hù)之間取得平衡。C項(xiàng)“在促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)與確保參與其中的個(gè)人得到公平補(bǔ)償和保護(hù)之間取得平衡”與原文表述的核心議題一致。5.A*解析思路：題干問“文章的主要目的是什么？”。文章首段介紹了兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起及其帶來的轉(zhuǎn)變，并引出支持者的觀點(diǎn)，即它為工人和企業(yè)提供了無與倫比的靈活性。第二段開始轉(zhuǎn)折，討論兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)的潛在缺點(diǎn)。第三段進(jìn)一步討論了監(jiān)管挑戰(zhàn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)上呈現(xiàn)出“提出現(xiàn)象/優(yōu)點(diǎn)-指出缺點(diǎn)/挑戰(zhàn)-討論監(jiān)管/深層問題”的布局，重點(diǎn)在于全面分析兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是其利弊和引發(fā)的討論。A項(xiàng)“全面分析兼職經(jīng)濟(jì)，包括其優(yōu)點(diǎn)、缺點(diǎn)和監(jiān)管挑戰(zhàn)”最能概括文章的主要目的。6.B*解析思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，培養(yǎng)深度工作的有些方法是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第二段，該段主要討論了培養(yǎng)深度工作的策略。新波特建議通過“減少干擾來培養(yǎng)深度工作，方法是關(guān)閉通知，創(chuàng)建專用的工作空間，并安排不受打擾的專注時(shí)間段。”以及“掌握進(jìn)入‘心流’狀態(tài)——一種完全沉浸在活動(dòng)中的精神狀態(tài)——的能力可以顯著提高深度工作的生產(chǎn)力。”B項(xiàng)“通過減少干擾、創(chuàng)建專用工作空間、安排專注時(shí)間段以及進(jìn)入‘心流’狀態(tài)來培養(yǎng)深度工作”概括了原文中提到的方法。7.E*解析思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境中維持深度工作的一大挑戰(zhàn)是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第三段，該段討論了在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境中維持深度工作的挑戰(zhàn)。首句提到“盡管深度工作有很多好處，但在當(dāng)今高度互聯(lián)的世界中，實(shí)踐深度工作面臨著許多障礙?！苯又唧w說明：“社交媒體的普遍性、電子郵件和其他數(shù)字通信工具的泛濫創(chuàng)造了持續(xù)不斷的干擾和分心機(jī)會(huì)?！币约啊凹词故嵌虝旱母蓴_也會(huì)破壞認(rèn)知過程，使人難以回到深度專注的狀態(tài)?！盓項(xiàng)“數(shù)字通信工具的泛濫造成的持續(xù)不斷的干擾和分心”概括了原文中提到的現(xiàn)代環(huán)境對(duì)深度工作的主要挑戰(zhàn)。8.D*解析思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，參與深度工作使個(gè)人能夠做什么？”。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Moreover,masteringtheabilitytoengageindeepworkcansignificantlyenhancedeepworkproductivity.”以及第三段第一句“Individualswhocanengageindeepworkareoftenmoreproductive,creative,andcapableofsolvingcomplexproblems.”可知，能夠參與深度工作的人通常更具生產(chǎn)力、創(chuàng)造力和解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。D項(xiàng)“更具生產(chǎn)力、創(chuàng)造力和解決復(fù)雜問題的能力”綜合了原文信息。9.A*解析思路：題干問“社交媒體對(duì)人類交流的主要影響是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Theproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasfundamentallyalteredthewayhumanscommunicate,shareinformation,andformcommunities.”可知，社交媒體平臺(tái)的激增已經(jīng)從根本上改變了人類交流、分享信息和形成社區(qū)的方式。A項(xiàng)“從根本上改變了人類交流、分享信息和形成社區(qū)的方式”與原文信息一致。10.C*解析思路：題干問“根據(jù)文章，社交媒體對(duì)心理健康的一些負(fù)面影響是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第二段，該段討論了社交媒體對(duì)心理健康的負(fù)面影響。提到“研究反復(fù)表明，過度使用社交媒體與孤獨(dú)感、焦慮和抑郁感的增加有關(guān)，尤其是在年輕人中?！币约啊吧缃幻襟w上的生活精心策劃和理想化的呈現(xiàn)可能會(huì)引發(fā)社會(huì)比較，導(dǎo)致個(gè)人對(duì)自己的處境感到不足?！边€提到“持續(xù)不斷的通知和維持在線形象的壓力也可能導(dǎo)致壓力和倦怠?！盋項(xiàng)“增加孤獨(dú)感、焦慮和抑郁感”概括了第二段提到的社交媒體對(duì)心理健康的主要負(fù)面影響。11.B*解析思路：題干問“與社交媒體平臺(tái)上信息的傳播相關(guān)的重大問題是什么？”。根據(jù)文章第三段，該段討論了社交媒體上信息傳播的問題。提到“另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是，有害內(nèi)容很容易在社交媒體上傳播。錯(cuò)誤信息、仇恨言