2025年商務英語（BEC）中級考試真題模擬卷：寫作模板與真題模擬剖析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、填空題（本部分共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分）要求：仔細閱讀每道題目，根據(jù)上下文語境和語法規(guī)則，在橫線上填寫合適的單詞，使句子完整、通順。1.Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficultiesforquiteawhile,whichhasledtoasignificant______initsstockprice.答案：decline2.Inordertoimprovecustomersatisfaction,themarketingteamdecidedto______aloyaltyprogramthatrewardsfrequentshoppers.答案：implement3.Despitetheeconomicdownturn,thecompanymanagedto______itsrevenuebyexpandingintonewmarkets.答案：maintain4.ThenewCEO'sstrategyforgrowthinvolves______partnershipswithotherindustryleaderstodriveinnovation.答案：forming5.Ourteamiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectthataimsto______theefficiencyofoursupplychain.答案：optimize6.Theannualreporthighlightsthecompany'sachievements,includingasubstantial______inglobalmarketshare.答案：increase7.Duetothetightdeadline,wehadto______severalstaffmemberstoensuretheprojectwascompletedontime.答案：deploy8.Theorganization'scoremissionisto______sustainablepracticesthatbenefitboththeenvironmentandthecommunity.答案：promote9.Themarketresearchindicatesthatthereisagrowingdemandforeco-friendlyproducts,whichpresentsa______opportunityforourbrand.答案：promising10.Thecompany'sfinancialperformancehasbeenpositivelyimpactedbythe______ofnewtechnologyinitsoperations.答案：integration11.TheHRdepartmentisresponsiblefor______afairandinclusiveworkplaceforallemployees.答案：creating12.Therecentmergerhasallowedthecompanyto______itsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedge.答案：pool13.Theproductlaunchwasa______success,withasignificantincreaseinsaleswithinthefirstquarter.答案：resounding14.Themanagementteamiscurrently______anewstrategytoaddressthechallengesposedbythechangingmarketlandscape.答案：developing15.Thecompany'scommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilityisreflectedinitseffortsto______communityinitiativesandcharitablecauses.答案：support16.Theglobalsupplychainwasseverelydisruptedbythepandemic,butthecompanymanagedto______itsoperationsbydiversifyingitssuppliers.答案：sustain17.Thecustomerfeedbacksurveyrevealedthatthecompanyneedstoimproveits______servicestoenhanceoverallsatisfaction.答案：after-sales18.Thenewmarketingcampaignwasdesignedto______brandawarenessandattractayoungerdemographic.答案：increase19.Thecompany'sexpansionintointernationalmarketshasbeen______byastrongfocusonlocalculturaladaptation.答案：facilitated20.TheCEO'sleadershiphasbeeninstrumentalin______thecompanythroughadifficulteconomicperiod.答案：guiding二、選擇題（本部分共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）要求：仔細閱讀每道題目，根據(jù)上下文語境和語法規(guī)則，選擇最合適的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribesthecompany'scurrentfinancialsituation?A.stableandprosperousB.volatileanduncertainC.improvingandoptimisticD.decliningandcautious答案：B2.Whatistheprimarygoalofthemarketingteam'snewloyaltyprogram?A.toincreasebrandawarenessB.torewardfrequentshoppersC.toreducecustomerchurnD.tolaunchnewproducts答案：B3.Howhasthecompanymanagedtomaintainitsrevenuedespitetheeconomicdownturn?A.bycuttingcostsB.byexpandingintonewmarketsC.byreducingstaffD.byincreasingprices答案：B4.WhatstrategyisthenewCEOimplementingforgrowth?A.mergingwithanothercompanyB.formingpartnershipswithindustryleadersC.diversifyingitsproductlineD.launchinganewmarketingcampaign答案：B5.Whatisthemainobjectiveoftheprojecttooptimizethesupplychain?A.toreducecostsB.toimproveefficiencyC.toincreasesalesD.toexpandintonewmarkets答案：B6.Whatdoestheannualreporthighlightasoneofthecompany'sachievements?A.adecreaseinglobalmarketshareB.asubstantialincreaseinglobalmarketshareC.adeclineinrevenueD.areductionincustomersatisfaction答案：B7.Whydidthecompanyhavetodeployseveralstaffmembers?A.tocelebrateitssuccessB.toensuretheprojectwascompletedontimeC.toreducetheworkforceD.totrainnewemployees答案：B8.Whatistheorganization'scoremission?A.tomaximizeprofitsB.topromotesustainablepracticesC.toreduceenvironmentalimpactD.toincreasemarketshare答案：B9.Whatdoesthemarketresearchindicateabouteco-friendlyproducts?A.thereislowdemandB.thereisnodemandC.thereisagrowingdemandD.thereisadecliningdemand答案：C10.Howhastheintegrationofnewtechnologyimpactedthecompany'soperations?A.ithashadanegativeimpactB.ithashadnoimpactC.ithashadapositiveimpactD.ithashadamixedimpact答案：C11.WhatistheHRdepartmentresponsiblefor?A.managingfinancesB.creatingafairandinclusiveworkplaceC.developingmarketingstrategiesD.overseeingproduction答案：B12.Whathastherecentmergerallowedthecompanytodo?A.reduceitsworkforceB.poolitsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedgeC.decreaseitsmarketshareD.closedownoperations答案：B13.Howwastheproductlaunchdescribed?A.asafailureB.asamodestsuccessC.asaresoundingsuccessD.asapartialsuccess答案：C14.Whatisthemanagementteamcurrentlydoing?A.celebratingitssuccessB.developinganewstrategytoaddresschallengesC.reducingitsworkforceD.launchinganewproductline答案：B15.Howdoesthecompanydemonstrateitscommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibility?A.byreducingitscarbonfootprintB.bysupportingcommunityinitiativesandcharitablecausesC.byincreasingitsprofitsD.byexpandingintonewmarkets答案：B三、閱讀理解（本部分共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分）要求：仔細閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內容回答問題。Lastyear,ourcompanyfacedasignificantchallengewhenourmainsupplierwentbankrupt.Thissuddendisruptionforcedustoreevaluateoursupplychainandfindalternativesolutions.Wedecidedtodiversifyoursupplierstoreduceourrelianceonasinglesource.Thisdecisionwasnoteasy,asitrequiredextensiveresearchandnegotiationwithnewpotentialpartners.However,itturnedouttobeawisemove.Bytheendoftheyear,wehadsuccessfullyestablishedrelationshipswiththreenewsuppliers,andourproductionwasbackontrack.Theexperiencetaughtustheimportanceofflexibilityandpreparednessinthefaceofunexpecteddisruptions.Movingforward,weplantocontinuediversifyingoursupplierbasetoensurelong-termstability.1.Whatwasthemainchallengethecompanyfacedlastyear?A.AdecreaseinsalesB.AbankruptcyofitsmainsupplierC.AnincreaseinproductioncostsD.Alossofmarketshare答案：B2.Whatwasthecompany'sresponsetothechallenge?A.ItcloseddownoperationstemporarilyB.ItsoughtgovernmentassistanceC.ItdiversifieditssuppliersD.Itfiredasignificantportionofitsworkforce答案：C3.Whatwastheoutcomeofthecompany'sdecisiontodiversifyitssuppliers?A.ItledtoadecreaseinproductionefficiencyB.IthadnoimpactonproductionC.ItallowedthecompanytomaintainitsproductionlevelsD.Itcausedthecompanytoincursignificantlosses答案：C4.Whatlessondidthecompanylearnfromthisexperience?A.TheimportanceofmaintaininghighproductioncostsB.TheimportanceofrelyingonasinglesupplierC.TheimportanceofflexibilityandpreparednessD.Theimportanceofexpandingintonewmarkets答案：C5.Whatisthecompany'splanforthefuture?A.ToreduceitssupplierbasetoasinglesourceB.TocontinuediversifyingitssupplierbaseC.TofocusoninternalproductiononlyD.Toseekadditionalgovernmentassistance答案：B四、完形填空（本部分共10小題，每小題2分，滿分20分）要求：仔細閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)上下文語境，在橫線上填寫合適的單詞，使短文完整、通順。Theglobaleconomyhasbeenexperiencingsignificantchangesinrecentyears.Manycompanieshavehadtoadapttothesechangesinordertoremaincompetitive.Oneofthemosteffectivestrategiesthatbusinesseshaveadoptedistheadoptionofdigitaltechnology.Digitaltechnologyhasrevolutionizedthewaycompaniesoperate,allowingthemtostreamlineprocesses,reducecosts,andimproveefficiency.Forexample,manycompanieshaveimplementedcloud-basedsystemsthatenablethemtostoreandaccessdatamoreeasily.Additionally,digitalcommunicationtoolshavemadeitpossibleforteamstocollaboratemoreeffectively,regardlessoftheirlocation.Astheeconomycontinuestoevolve,itisclearthatdigitaltechnologywillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinthesuccessofbusinesses.6.Theglobaleconomyhasbeenexperiencing______changesinrecentyears.答案：significant7.Manycompanieshavehadtoadapttothesechangesinordertoremain______.答案：competitive8.Oneofthemosteffectivestrategiesthatbusinesseshaveadoptedistheadoptionof______technology.答案：digital9.Digitaltechnologyhasrevolutionizedthewaycompaniesoperate,allowingthemto______processes.答案：streamline10.Manycompanieshaveimplementedcloud-basedsystemsthatenablethemtostoreandaccessdatamore______.答案：easily11.Additionally,digitalcommunicationtoolshavemadeitpossibleforteamsto______moreeffectively,regardlessoftheirlocation.答案：collaborate12.Astheeconomycontinuestoevolve,itisclearthatdigitaltechnologywillplayanincreasingly______roleinthesuccessofbusinesses.答案：important13.Theadoptionofdigitaltechnologyhasallowedcompaniesto______costs.答案：reduce14.Digitaltechnologyhasalsoimprovedthe______ofbusinessoperations.答案：efficiency15.Theuseofcloud-basedsystemshasmadedatamanagementmore______andaccessible.答案：convenient五、寫作（本部分共1題，滿分25分）要求：根據(jù)以下情景，寫一篇150-200字的商務郵件。Scenario:Youareamarketingmanageratacompanycalled"GreenTechSolutions."Yourcompanyhasjustlaunchedanewlineofeco-friendlyofficesupplies.Writeanemailtoyourcolleaguesinthesalesdepartmenttoinformthemaboutthenewproductsandtorequesttheirassistanceinpromotingthem.Subject:ExcitingNews-NewEco-FriendlyOfficeSuppliesDearTeam,Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.IamthrilledtoannouncethatGreenTechSolutionshasjustlaunchedanewlineofeco-friendlyofficesupplies.Theseproductsaremadefromsustainablematerialsandaredesignedtoreduceourenvironmentalfootprintwhilemaintaininghighquality.Ibelievethatthesesupplieswillbeahitwithourcustomers,asmoreandmorebusinessesarelookingforwaystogogreen.Iwouldliketorequestyourassistanceinpromotingthesenewproducts.Yourexpertiseinsalesandcustomerrelationswillbeinvaluableinhelpingusreachourtargetmarket.Pleaseletmeknowifyouhaveanyideasorsuggestionsonhowwecaneffectivelymarkettheseproducts.Iamconfidentthattogetherwecanmakeapositiveimpactonbothourbusinessandtheenvironment.Thankyouforyoursupportandcooperation.Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyouonthisexcitinginitiative.Bestregards,[YourName]MarketingManagerGreenTechSolutions本次試卷答案如下一、填空題答案及解析1.Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficultiesforquiteawhile,whichhasledtoasignificant______initsstockprice.答案：decline解析：根據(jù)句意，公司面臨財務困難導致股價大幅下跌，所以用decline表示“下降”。2.Inordertoimprovecustomersatisfaction,themarketingteamdecidedto______aloyaltyprogramthatrewardsfrequentshoppers.答案：implement解析：為了提高客戶滿意度，營銷團隊決定實施一個獎勵常客的忠誠計劃，implement表示“實施”。3.Despitetheeconomicdownturn,thecompanymanagedto______itsrevenuebyexpandingintonewmarkets.答案：maintain解析：盡管經(jīng)濟下行，公司通過拓展新市場維持了收入，maintain表示“維持”。4.ThenewCEO'sstrategyforgrowthinvolves______partnershipswithotherindustryleaderstodriveinnovation.答案：forming解析：新CEO的增長戰(zhàn)略涉及與其他行業(yè)領導者建立合作伙伴關系以推動創(chuàng)新，forming表示“建立”。5.Ourteamiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectthataimsto______theefficiencyofoursupplychain.答案：optimize解析：我們團隊正在開展一個旨在優(yōu)化供應鏈效率的項目，optimize表示“優(yōu)化”。6.Theannualreporthighlightsthecompany'sachievements,includingasubstantial______inglobalmarketshare.答案：increase解析：年度報告強調了公司的成就，包括全球市場份額的顯著增加，increase表示“增加”。7.Duetothetightdeadline,wehadto______severalstaffmemberstoensuretheprojectwascompletedontime.答案：deploy解析：由于截止日期緊迫，我們必須調配幾名員工以確保項目按時完成，deploy表示“調配”。8.Theorganization'scoremissionisto______sustainablepracticesthatbenefitboththeenvironmentandthecommunity.答案：promote解析：該組織的核心使命是推廣有利于環(huán)境和社區(qū)的可持續(xù)實踐，promote表示“推廣”。9.Themarketresearchindicatesthatthereisagrowingdemandforeco-friendlyproducts,whichpresentsa______opportunityforourbrand.答案：promising解析：市場研究表明對環(huán)保產(chǎn)品的需求日益增長，這為我們的品牌提供了一個有前景的機會，promising表示“有前景的”。10.Thecompany'sfinancialperformancehasbeenpositivelyimpactedbythe______ofnewtechnologyinitsoperations.答案：integration解析：新技術在公司運營中的整合對公司的財務表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了積極影響，integration表示“整合”。11.TheHRdepartmentisresponsiblefor______afairandinclusiveworkplaceforallemployees.答案：creating解析：人力資源部門負責為所有員工創(chuàng)造一個公平包容的工作環(huán)境，creating表示“創(chuàng)造”。12.Therecentmergerhasallowedthecompanyto______itsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedge.答案：pool解析：最近的合并使公司能夠集中資源并增強其競爭優(yōu)勢，pool表示“集中”。13.Theproductlaunchwasa______success,withasignificantincreaseinsaleswithinthefirstquarter.答案：resounding解析：產(chǎn)品發(fā)布取得了巨大成功，第一季度銷售額顯著增長，resounding表示“巨大的”。14.Themanagementteamiscurrently______anewstrategytoaddressthechallengesposedbythechangingmarketlandscape.答案：developing解析：管理團隊目前正在制定新戰(zhàn)略以應對不斷變化的市場環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，developing表示“制定”。15.Thecompany'scommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilityisreflectedinitseffortsto______communityinitiativesandcharitablecauses.答案：support解析：公司對企業(yè)的社會責任的承諾體現(xiàn)在其支持社區(qū)倡議和慈善事業(yè)的努力中，support表示“支持”。16.Theglobalsupplychainwasseverelydisruptedbythepandemic,butthecompanymanagedto______itsoperationsbydiversifyingitssuppliers.答案：sustain解析：全球供應鏈因疫情嚴重中斷，但公司通過多元化供應商設法維持了運營，sustain表示“維持”。17.Thecustomerfeedbacksurveyrevealedthatthecompanyneedstoimproveits______servicestoenhanceoverallsatisfaction.答案：after-sales解析：客戶反饋調查表明，公司需要改善售后服務以提升整體滿意度，after-sales表示“售后”。18.Thenewmarketingcampaignwasdesignedto______brandawarenessandattractayoungerdemographic.答案：increase解析：新的營銷活動旨在提高品牌知名度并吸引年輕群體，increase表示“提高”。19.Thecompany'sexpansionintointernationalmarketshasbeen______byastrongfocusonlocalculturaladaptation.答案：facilitated解析：公司拓展國際市場得益于對本地文化適應的強烈關注，facilitated表示“促進”。20.TheCEO'sleadershiphasbeeninstrumentalin______thecompanythroughadifficulteconomicperiod.答案：guiding解析：CEO的領導在公司度過艱難的經(jīng)濟時期發(fā)揮了關鍵作用，guiding表示“引導”。二、選擇題答案及解析1.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribesthecompany'scurrentfinancialsituation?A.stableandprosperousB.volatileanduncertainC.improvingandoptimisticD.decliningandcautious答案：B解析：根據(jù)上下文，公司面臨財務困難，股價下跌，經(jīng)濟下行，所以financialsituation是“volatileanduncertain”。2.Whatistheprimarygoalofthemarketingteam'snewloyaltyprogram?A.toincreasebrandawarenessB.torewardfrequentshoppersC.toreducecustomerchurnD.tolaunchnewproducts答案：B解析：題目中明確提到loyaltyprogramrewardsfrequentshoppers，所以目標是“rewardfrequentshoppers”。3.Howhasthecompanymanagedtomaintainitsrevenuedespitetheeconomicdownturn?A.bycuttingcostsB.byexpandingintonewmarketsC.byreducingstaffD.byincreasingprices答案：B解析：根據(jù)上下文，公司通過拓展新市場維持了收入，所以是“expandingintonewmarkets”。4.WhatstrategyisthenewCEOimplementingforgrowth?A.mergingwithanothercompanyB.formingpartnershipswithindustryleadersC.diversifyingitsproductlineD.launchinganewmarketingcampaign答案：B解析：題目中提到newCEO'sstrategyinvolvesformingpartnershipswithotherindustryleaders，所以是“formingpartnerships”。5.Whatisthemainobjectiveoftheprojecttooptimizethesupplychain?A.toreducecostsB.toimproveefficiencyC.toincreasesalesD.toexpandintonewmarkets答案：B解析：題目中提到projectaimstooptimizetheefficiencyofoursupplychain，所以目標是“improveefficiency”。6.Whatdoestheannualreporthighlightasoneofthecompany'sachievements?A.adecreaseinglobalmarketshareB.asubstantialincreaseinglobalmarketshareC.adeclineinrevenueD.areductionincustomersatisfaction答案：B解析：題目中提到annualreporthighlightsthecompany'sachievements,includingasubstantialincreaseinglobalmarketshare，所以是“increaseinglobalmarketshare”。7.Whydidthecompanyhavetodeployseveralstaffmembers?A.tocelebrateitssuccessB.toensuretheprojectwascompletedontimeC.toreducetheworkforceD.totrainnewemployees答案：B解析：題目中提到duetothetightdeadline,wehadtodeployseveralstaffmemberstoensuretheprojectwascompletedontime，所以是“ensuretheprojectwascompletedontime”。8.WhatistheHRdepartmentresponsiblefor?A.managingfinancesB.creatingafairandinclusiveworkplaceC.developingmarketingstrategiesD.overseeingproduction答案：B解析：題目中提到HRdepartmentisresponsibleforcreatingafairandinclusiveworkplaceforallemployees，所以是“creatingafairandinclusiveworkplace”。9.Whathastherecentmergerallowedthecompanytodo?A.reduceitsworkforceB.poolitsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedgeC.decreaseitsmarketshareD.closedownoperations答案：B解析：題目中提到recentmergerhasallowedthecompanytopoolitsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedge，所以是“poolitsresourcesandenhanceitscompetitiveedge”。10.Howwastheproductlaunchdescribed?A.asafailureB.asamodestsuccessC.asaresoundingsuccessD.asapartialsuccess答案：C解析：題目中提到productlaunchwasaresoundingsuccess,withasignificantincreaseinsaleswithinthefirstquarter，所以是“resoundingsuccess”。11.Whatisthemanagementteamcurrentlydoing?A.celebratingitssuccessB.developinganewstrategytoaddresschallengesC.reducingitsworkforceD.launchinganewproductline答案：B解析：題目中提到managementteamiscurrentlydevelopinganewstrategytoaddressthechallengesposedbythechangingmarketlandscape，所以是“developinganewstrategy”。12.Howdoesthecompanydemonstrateitscommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibility?A.byreducingitscarbonfootprintB.bysupportingcommunityinitiativesandcharitablecausesC.byincreasingitsprofitsD.byexpandingintonewmarkets答案：B解析：題目中提到company'scommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilityisreflectedinitseffortstosupportcommunityinitiativesandcharitablecauses，所以是“supportingcommunityinitiativesandcharitablecauses”。13.Theglobalsupplychainwasseverelydisruptedbythepandemic,butthecompanymanagedto______itsoperationsbydiversifyingitssuppliers.答案：sustain解析：題目中提到thecompanymanagedtosustainitsoperationsbydiversifyingitssuppliers，所以是“sustainitsoperations”。14.Thecustomerfeedbacksurveyrevealedthatthecompanyneedstoimproveits______servicestoenhanceoverallsatisfaction.答案：after-sales解析：題目中提到customerfeedbacksurveyrevealedthatthecompanyneedstoimproveitsafter-salesservicestoenhanceoverallsatisfaction，所以是“after-salesservices”。15.Thenewmarketingcampaignwasdesignedto______brandawarenessandattractayoungerdemographic.答案：increase解析：題目中提到newmarketingcampaignwasdesignedtoincreasebrandawarenessandattractayoungerdemographic，所以是“increasebrandawareness”。三、閱讀理解答案及解析1.Whatwasthemainchallengethecompanyfacedlastyear?A.AdecreaseinsalesB.AbankruptcyofitsmainsupplierC.AnincreaseinproductioncostsD.Alossofmarketshare答案：B解析：根據(jù)短文第一句，公司面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是mainsupplierwentbankrupt，所以是“bankruptcyofitsmainsupplier”。2.Whatwasthecompany'sresponsetothechallenge?A.ItcloseddownoperationstemporarilyB.ItsoughtgovernmentassistanceC.ItdiversifieditssuppliersD.Itfiredasignificantportionofitsworkforce答案：C解析：根據(jù)短文第二句，公司應對挑戰(zhàn)的方式是diversifieditssuppliers，所以是“diversifieditssuppliers”。3.Whatwastheoutcomeofthecompany'sdecisiontodiversifyitssuppliers?A.ItledtoadecreaseinproductionefficiencyB.IthadnoimpactonproductionC.ItallowedthecompanytomaintainitsproductionlevelsD.Itcausedthecompanytoincursignificantlosses答案：C解析：根據(jù)短文第三句，公司多元化供應商的結果是itsproductionwasbackontrack，所以是“maintainitsproductionlevels”。4.Whatlessondidthecompanylearnfromthisexperience?A.TheimportanceofmaintaininghighproductioncostsB.TheimportanceofrelyingonasinglesupplierC.TheimportanceofflexibilityandpreparednessD.Theimportanceofexpandingintonewmarkets答案：C解析：根據(jù)短文第四句，公司從這次經(jīng)歷中學到的教訓是theimportanceofflexibilityandpreparedness，所以是“flexibilityandpreparedness”。5.Whatisthecompany'splanforthefuture?A.ToreduceitssupplierbasetoasinglesourceB.TocontinuediversifyingitssupplierbaseC.TofocusoninternalproductiononlyD.Toseekadditionalgovernmentassistance答案：B解析：根據(jù)短文最后一句，公司未來的計劃是continuediversifyingitssupplierbase，所以是“continuediversifyingitssupplierbase”。四、完形填空答案及解析6.Theglobaleconomyhasbeenexperiencing______changesinrecentyears.答案：significant解析：根據(jù)上下文，全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了重大變化，所以用significant表示“重大的”。7.Manycompanieshavehadtoadapttothesechangesinordertoremain______.答案：competitive解析：為了在競爭中生存，公司不得不適應這些變化，所以用competitive表示“有競爭力的”。8.Oneofthemosteffectivestrategiesthatbusinesseshaveadoptedistheadoptionof______technology.答案：digital解析：企業(yè)采取的最有效策略之一是采用數(shù)字技術，所以用digital表示“數(shù)字的”。9.Digitaltechnologyhasrevolutionizedthewaycompaniesoperate,allowingthemto______processe