2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解快速閱讀技巧試卷提高效率考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-7.Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,CorD)foreachquestion.TheDigitalNomadDilemmaTheriseofremoteworkhasledtoasurgeinthenumberofdigitalnomads–individualswholeveragetechnologytoperformtheirjobsfromanywhereintheworld.Onceanichelifestylepursuedbyafewavant-gardesouls,livingandworkingontheroadhasbecomeincreasinglymainstream,fueledbyadvancementsincommunicationtechnologyandagrowingdesireamongworkersforflexibilityandwork-lifebalance.Whiletheallureofexploringnewculturesandescapingtheconfinesofatraditionalofficeisundeniable,therealityofthislifestylepresentsauniquesetofchallengesthatareoftenunderestimated.Oneoftheprimarydifficultiesfacedbydigitalnomadsistheissueofconnectivity.Relianceoninconsistentinternetaccessinvariouslocationscanseverelydisruptworkflowandproductivity.Adroppedconnectioninthemiddleofanimportantvideoconferenceorwhileuploadingcriticalfilescanbeimmenselyfrustrating.Furthermore,findingreliableandaffordableWi-Ficanbeaconstantstruggleinsomeremotedestinations,turningasupposedadvantageintoasignificanthurdle.Anothersignificantchallengeisthelackofastablecommunity.Unlikeatraditionalofficeenvironment,digitalnomadsoftenfindthemselvesisolated,movingfromplacetoplaceandrarelyputtingdownroots.Thisconstantnomadicexistencecanleadtofeelingsoflonelinessanddisconnection.Whilethedigitalworldconnectspeopleglobally,itoftenfailstoprovidethelocal,face-to-faceinteractionsthatfosterasenseofbelongingandcommunity.Buildingnewsocialnetworksindifferentlocationsconsistentlyrequireseffortandenergy,whichcanbetaxing,especiallywhendealingwiththeinherentworkpressuresofthelifestyle.Financialinstabilityalsoposesaconsiderablerisk.Whilethefreedomfromafixedofficelocationcansavemoneyoncommutingandworkattire,digitalnomadsoftenfacefluctuatingincomesdependingonprojectdeadlinesandclientavailability.Unexpectedexpenses,suchasurgenttravelneedsorequipmentreplacements,canquicklydepletesavings.Withoutthefinancialsecurityprovidedbyatraditionaljob,carefulbudgetingandfinancialplanningbecomeparamount,addingalayerofstresstoanalreadycomplexwayoflife.Despitethesechallenges,thedigitalnomadlifestyleremainsappealingtomany.Thefreedomitoffers–tochoosewheretolive,whentowork,andoftentopursuepersonalinterestsalongsideprofessionalresponsibilities–isapowerfuldraw.Manydigitalnomadsfindthattheautonomyandflexibilityleadtogreaterjobsatisfactionandaricheroveralllifeexperience.Theconstantexposuretonewenvironmentsandculturesalsofosterspersonalgrowthandadaptability,skillshighlyvaluedinthemodernworkforce.Ultimately,thesuccessofthedigitalnomadlifestylehingesonanindividual'sabilitytonavigateitsinherentdifficulties.Itrequiresastrongworkethic,self-discipline,exceptionalorganizationalskills,andthecapacitytomanage孤獨(dú)感andfinancialuncertainty.Forthosewhocanmasterthesechallenges,therewardscanbeimmense,offeringauniqueblendofprofessionalfreedomandpersonalexplorationthattraditionalemploymentcannotmatch.1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthedigitalnomadlifestylementionedinthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostsignificanttechnicalproblemfacedbydigitalnomads?3.Theword"avant-garde"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatisamajorconsequenceofthelackofastablecommunityfordigitalnomads?5.Thepassagesuggeststhatfinancialplanningisimportantfordigitalnomadsprimarilybecause:6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneofthepositivepersonaloutcomesofthedigitalnomadlifestyle?7.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthesuitabilityofthedigitalnomadlifestyle?Questions8-14Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,CorD)foreachquestion.TheImportanceofSleepSleepisoftenunderestimatedasameredowntimeactivity,yetitisarguablyoneofthemostcrucialbiologicalprocessesforhumanhealthandfunctioning.Unlikewakinghours,whenthebodyisactivelyengagedinprocessinginformationandphysicalactivity,sleepprovidesavitalperiodforrestorationandconsolidation.Duringsleep,thebrainengagesincriticaltaskssuchasmemoryformation,learningretention,andcognitivereset,whilethebodyrepairstissues,regulateshormones,andconservesenergy.Theconsequencesofinsufficientsleeparewide-rangingandsignificant.Onacognitivelevel,fatigueimpairsattention,decision-making,andproblem-solvingabilities.Peoplewholackadequatesleepoftenfinditdifficulttoconcentrateandmayexperiencemicrosleeps–brief,unintendedepisodesoflossofattentionwhichcanbedangerous,particularlywhenoperatingmachineryordriving.Furthermore,sleepdeprivationnegativelyimpactsemotionalregulation,makingindividualsmorepronetoirritability,stress,andmoodswings.Fromaphysicalhealthperspective,chronicsleeplossislinkedtonumeroushealthproblems.Theimmunesystemreliesonadequateresttofunctionoptimally,andpoorsleepcanweakenitsdefenses,makingindividualsmoresusceptibletoinfections.Itisalsoassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdevelopingchronicconditionssuchasobesity,type2diabetes,cardiovasculardisease,andevencertaintypesofcancer.Sleepalsoplaysacriticalroleinmetabolicregulation;insufficientsleepcandisruptinsulinsensitivityandappetitecontrol,contributingtoweightgain.Fortunately,improvingsleepqualityisoftenachievablethroughrelativelysimplelifestyleadjustments.Establishingaconsistentsleepschedule,creatingarelaxingbedtimeroutine,andoptimizingthesleepenvironment–ensuringitisdark,quiet,andcool–canmakeasignificantdifference.Limitingexposuretoscreens,especiallybeforebedtimeduetothebluelightemitted,andavoidingcaffeineandheavymealslateinthedayarealsobeneficialpractices.Whilethesestrategiescanhelp,itisimportanttorecognizethatforsome,sleepproblemsmaybeindicativeofunderlyingmedicalconditionsrequiringprofessionalattention.Inconclusion,sleepisfarmorethanjustapassivestateofrest.Itisanactiveandessentialprocessthatprofoundlyimpactsbothmentalandphysicalwell-being.Prioritizingsleepandensuringadequate,high-qualityrestisnotaluxurybutafundamentalrequirementforoptimalhealth,cognitivefunction,andoverallqualityoflifeinthemodernworld.8.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?9.Accordingtothepassage,whyissleepconsideredcrucialforthebrain?10.Theword"consolidation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:11.Whateffectdoesinsufficientsleephaveonanindividual'sabilitytodrive?12.Thepassagesuggeststhatpoorsleepcanleadtoweightgainpartlybecauseit:13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorthatcanhelpimprovesleepquality?14.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeaboutseekinghelpforsleepproblems?Questions15-21Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,CorD)foreachquestion.SustainableCities:ANecessityfortheFutureUrbanizationisacceleratingatanunprecedentedrate,withthemajorityoftheglobalpopulationnowlivingincities.Whilecitiesofferopportunitiesforeconomicgrowth,education,andculturalexchange,thisrapidurbanexpansionalsopresentssignificantenvironmentalandsocialchallenges.Theconcentrationofpeopleinlimitedspacesleadstoissuessuchaspollution,wastemanagement,trafficcongestion,andstrainoninfrastructure.Toensurecitiesremainviableanddesirableplacestolive,sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeanimperative.Sustainablecitiesarethosedesignedandmanagedtominimizenegativeenvironmentalimpactswhilemaximizingsocialequityandeconomicviability.Keycomponentsofthisapproachincludeinvestinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower,promotingenergyefficiencyinbuildingsandtransportation,anddesigningurbanspacesthatencouragewalking,cycling,andtheuseofpublictransit.Greeninfrastructure,suchasparks,greenroofs,andurbanforests,alsoplaysavitalroleinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect,improvingairquality,andprovidingrecreationalspacesforresidents.Wastereductionandmanagementareanothercriticalaspectofbuildingsustainablecities.Implementingcomprehensiverecyclingprograms,encouragingtheuseofreusableproducts,anddevelopingefficientwastesortingandprocessingfacilitiesareessentialsteps.Furthermore,adoptingcirculareconomyprinciples–designingproductsforreuseandrecyclingfromtheoutset–cansignificantlyreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofurbanconsumption.Socialsustainabilityisequallyimportant.Sustainablecitiesstrivetoprovideaffordablehousing,accesstoqualityeducationandhealthcare,andopportunitiesforeconomicadvancementforallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackground.Publicspacesshouldbeinclusiveandaccessible,fosteringasenseofcommunityandsocialcohesion.Effectivegovernanceandcitizenparticipationarealsokeytoensuringthaturbandevelopmentmeetstheneedsofitsdiversepopulation.Despitetheclearbenefits,achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentiscomplexandrequirescollaborationamonggovernments,businesses,communities,andindividuals.Itinvolvesovercomingeconomic,political,andculturalbarriers.However,thelong-termcostsofinaction–suchasincreasedpollution,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequality–arefargreater.Byintegratingenvironmental,social,andeconomicconsiderationsintourbanplanninganddailylife,citiescanbecomeenginesofsustainableprogress,offeringahigherqualityoflifeforcurrentandfuturegenerations.15.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?16.Theword"imperative"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisabenefitofpromotingwalkingandcyclingincities?18.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutcirculareconomyprinciples?19.Thepassagementionsseveralfactorsthathindersustainableurbandevelopment;whichoneisNOTlisted?20.Whatistheauthor'sfinalmessageaboutsustainablecities?21.Thepassageimpliesthatsustainableurbandevelopmentprimarilybenefits:第二部分閱讀理解Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions22-28.Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,CorD)foreachquestion.TheEvolutionofCommunicationHumancommunicationhasundergoneadramatictransformationoverthecenturies,evolvingfromrudimentarymethodstothesophisticateddigitalnetworksthatdefinethemodernera.Whilethefundamentalneedtoshareinformationandconnectwithothersremainsconstant,thetechnologiesandmediumsusedhavechangedprofoundly.Thisevolutionhasnotonlyalteredhowweinteractbuthasalsoshapedsocialstructures,culturalnorms,andevenourperceptionofreality.Beforetheadventofwrittenlanguage,communicationwasprimarilyoralandoftenreliedonsymbols,gestures,andstorytelling.Thismodeofcommunicationwaslimitedbydistanceandthecapacityofhumanmemory.Theinventionofwritingsystemsaround3000BCEmarkedapivotalshift,allowinginformationtoberecorded,stored,andtransmittedovervastdistancesandlongperiods.Thisfacilitatedtheadministrationofempires,thepreservationofknowledge,andthedevelopmentofcomplexsocieties.Thenextmajorleapcamewiththeprintingpress,inventedbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcentury.Theprintingpressdemocratizedinformationbymakingbooksandpamphletsmoreaccessibleandaffordable,challengingthemonopolyoftheclergyandaristocracyonknowledge.ItplayedacrucialroleintheRenaissance,theReformation,andtheScientificRevolutionbyspreadingnewideasrapidlyacrossEuropeandbeyond.However,printedmaterialswerestillrelativelyslowtoproduceanddistributecomparedtolatermethods.Thetelegraphandtelephoneinthe19thcenturyrevolutionizedlong-distancecommunication,enablingnear-instantaneoustransmissionofmessagesacrosscontinents.Thiserasawtheriseofmassmedia,withnewspapersandlaterradiobecomingpowerfultoolsfordisseminatingnewsandentertainmenttoawideraudience.Thesedevelopmentsfurtheracceleratedthepaceofinformationexchangeandbegantoconnectdistantpartsoftheworldinunprecedentedways.The20thcenturywitnessedthedigitalrevolution,startingwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandthesubsequentcreationoftheinternet.Theinternet,andlatermobiletechnologies,transformedcommunicationintoaninstantaneous,globalphenomenon.Email,socialmedia,instantmessaging,andvideocallshavereplacedtraditionalletterwritingandface-to-faceinteractionsformany.Thisdigitalagehascreatedunparalleledconnectivity,allowingforreal-timecollaborationregardlessoflocation.However,ithasalsointroducednewchallenges,suchasinformationoverload,thespreadofmisinformation,andconcernsaboutprivacyandthedigitaldivide.Lookingahead,communicationtechnologiescontinuetoadvanceatarapidpace.Artificialintelligenceisbeginningtoplayaroleingeneratingandfilteringinformation,whileemergingtechnologieslikevirtualandaugmentedrealitypromisetocreateevenmoreimmersivecommunicationexperiences.Thefutureofcommunicationwilllikelybecharacterizedbyevengreaterintegrationoftechnologyintodailylife,furtherblurringthelinesbetweenthephysicalanddigitalworlds.Understandingthisongoingevolutioniscrucialfornavigatingthecomplexitiesofmodernsocietyandharnessingthepowerofcommunicationforpositivechange.22.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?23.Theword"pivotal"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:24.Whatwasasignificantimpactoftheprintingpressonsociety?25.Howdidthetelegraphandtelephonedifferfromearliercommunicationmethods?26.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonechallengeassociatedwithdigitalcommunication?27.Thepassagesuggeststhatthedevelopmentofcommunicationtechnologieshas:28.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofcommunication?Questions29-35Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,CorD)foreachquestion.TheValueofMentoringMentoringrelationshipsrepresentapowerfultoolforpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,yettheyareoftenunderutilizedinmanyfields.Amentor,typicallyanexperiencedindividual,providesguidance,support,andadvicetoalessexperiencedperson,knownasamentee.Thisrelationshipisbasedonmutualtrustandrespectandcansignificantlyinfluencethementee'scareertrajectory,skillacquisition,andoverallconfidence.Whileformalmentoringprogramsarecommoninsomeindustries,thebenefitsofinformalmentoringrelationshipsshouldnotbeoverlooked.Oneoftheprimaryadvantagesofmentoringisthetransferofknowledgeandexperience.Mentorscanshareinsightsgainedthroughyearsofpractice,helpingmenteesnavigatechallengestheymightotherwiseencounteralone.Thisguidancecanrangefromtechnicalskillsandindustryknowledgetosoftskillslikecommunication,leadership,andtimemanagement.Bylearningfromamentor'ssuccessesandmistakes,menteescanacceleratetheirlearningcurveandavoidcommonpitfalls,therebybecomingmoreeffectiveandefficientintheirroles.Furthermore,mentoringprovidescrucialcareersupport.Mentorscanoffervaluableadviceoncareerplanning,goalsetting,andprofessionalnetworking.Theycanhelpmenteesidentifytheirstrengthsandweaknesses,explorepotentialcareerpaths,andmakeinformeddecisionsabouttheirprofessionalfuture.Accesstoamentor'snetworkcanalsoopendoorstonewopportunities,suchasjobreferrals,collaborations,orvaluableconnectionswithintheindustry.Thissupportsystemcanbeparticularlybeneficialforindividualsenteringnewfieldsorseekingcareertransitions.Beyondcareerdevelopment,mentoringplaysavitalroleinfosteringpersonalgrowth.Asupportivementorcanhelpmenteesbuildself-esteem,developresilience,andovercomeobstaclestheyface.Theencouragementandbeliefamentorshowsinamenteecanbeincrediblyempowering,helpingthemtostepoutsidetheircomfortzonesandpursueambitiousgoals.Thisconfidenceboostoftentranslatesintoimprovedperformanceandamorepositiveapproachtoworkandchallenges.Therelationshipitselfalsooffersasupportiveframeworkfordiscussingpersonalandprofessionalconcerns,providingasafespaceforreflectionandgrowth.Establishingandmaintainingamentoringrelationshiprequireseffortandcommitmentfrombothparties.Effectivementorsarewillingtoinvesttheirtimeandexpertise,whilementeesneedtobeproactive,opentofeedback,andcommittedtotheirowndevelopment.Successfulmentoringofteninvolvessettingcleargoals,havingregularcheck-ins,andmaintainingopenandhonestcommunication.Whenbothpartiesareengagedanddedicated,thebenefitsoftherelationshipcanbesubstantial,leadingtoenhancedskills,increasedcareersatisfaction,andamoresupportiveprofessionalenvironment.Inconclusion,thevalueofmentoringliesinitsabilitytofacilitatelearning,providecareerguidance,andfosterpersonalgrowth.Itisareciprocalrelationshipthatbenefitsboththementorandthementee,enrichingtheirprofessionallivesandcontributingtotheirlong-termsuccess.Encouragingandfacilitatingmentoringopportunitieswithinorganizationsandcommunitiescanyieldsignificantreturnsintermsofindividualdevelopmentandoverallproductivity.29.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?30.Theword"trajectory"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:31.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheadvicementorsprovide?32.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewaymentoringcanhelpmenteesgainconfidence?33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofaccessingamentor'snetwork?34.Thepassagesuggeststhatforamentoringrelationshiptobesuccessful,thementeeneedstobe:35.Whatdoestheauthorconcludeaboutthevalueofmentoring?---試卷答案1.D*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，數(shù)字游民的核心特征是利用技術(shù)“從世界任何地方工作”（performtheirjobsfromanywhereintheworld），并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種生活方式的“靈活性”（flexibility）。選項(xiàng)D（他們能夠利用技術(shù)從世界各地遠(yuǎn)程工作）最準(zhǔn)確地概括了這一核心特征。2.A*解析思路：文章第二段詳細(xì)闡述了數(shù)字游民面臨的主要困難之一是“連接性”（connectivity）問題。緊接著具體說明了“對(duì)在不同地點(diǎn)的不穩(wěn)定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的依賴”（relianceoninconsistentinternetaccessinvariouslocations）會(huì)嚴(yán)重“破壞工作流程和生產(chǎn)力”（disruptworkflowandproductivity）。選項(xiàng)A（不穩(wěn)定的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接）直接對(duì)應(yīng)了文中的核心問題。3.B*解析思路：文章第一段提到，數(shù)字游民“曾經(jīng)是少數(shù)先鋒派人士追求的利基生活方式”（wasonceanichelifestylepursuedbyafewavant-gardesouls）。結(jié)合上下文，avant-garde在此處應(yīng)指那些思想前衛(wèi)、不落俗套的人。選項(xiàng)B（先鋒派的）最貼近這個(gè)意思。4.A*解析思路：文章第三段指出，數(shù)字游民缺乏穩(wěn)定社區(qū)的一個(gè)主要“后果”（consequence）是“孤獨(dú)感”（feelingsofloneliness）和“與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)脫節(jié)”（disconnection）。選項(xiàng)A（感到孤獨(dú)）直接對(duì)應(yīng)了文中的主要后果。5.B*解析思路：文章第四段討論了“財(cái)務(wù)不穩(wěn)定”（financialinstability）的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”（risk）。隨后解釋了原因：收入可能“根據(jù)項(xiàng)目截止日期和客戶可用性而波動(dòng)”（fluctuatingincomesdependingonprojectdeadlinesandclientavailability），并且“意外的支出”（unexpectedexpenses）可能“迅速耗盡儲(chǔ)蓄”（quicklydepletesavings）。選項(xiàng)B（收入不穩(wěn)定且需要仔細(xì)規(guī)劃以應(yīng)對(duì)意外支出）概括了文中提到的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)方式的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。6.C*解析思路：文章第五段提到，盡管存在挑戰(zhàn)，但數(shù)字游民生活方式的吸引力在于它提供的“自由”（freedom）——可以選擇在哪里居住、何時(shí)工作，以及“在職業(yè)責(zé)任之外追求個(gè)人興趣”（pursuepersonalinterestsalongsideprofessionalresponsibilities）。選項(xiàng)C（獲得在工作和個(gè)人生活之間進(jìn)行選擇和平衡的自由）體現(xiàn)了這種個(gè)人層面的積極影響。7.D*解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)指出，數(shù)字游民生活方式的“成功”（success）取決于個(gè)人“駕馭其固有的困難”（navigateitsinherentdifficulties）的能力。這暗示了并非每個(gè)人都適合這種生活方式，需要具備特定的素質(zhì)才能應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)D（并非適合所有人）最符合文意。8.A*解析思路：文章首段明確指出其“主要目的”（primarypurpose）是闡述睡眠對(duì)于人類健康和功能“至關(guān)重要”（crucial）。選項(xiàng)A（闡述睡眠對(duì)人類健康和功能的重要性）概括了首段的中心思想。9.B*解析思路：文章第一段提到，睡眠時(shí)大腦進(jìn)行“關(guān)鍵任務(wù)”（criticaltasks），包括“記憶形成”（memoryformation）和“學(xué)習(xí)保留”（learningretention）。這表明睡眠對(duì)于大腦鞏固信息和經(jīng)驗(yàn)至關(guān)重要。選項(xiàng)B（鞏固信息和經(jīng)驗(yàn)）最準(zhǔn)確地解釋了睡眠對(duì)大腦的作用。10.D*解析思路：文章第一段提到睡眠進(jìn)行“恢復(fù)”（restoration）和“鞏固”（consolidation）等關(guān)鍵任務(wù)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，consolidation在此處應(yīng)指將信息或記憶變得更牢固、更系統(tǒng)的過程。選項(xiàng)D（使之鞏固或系統(tǒng)化）最接近此意。11.C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致“注意力不集中”（impairsattention），并且在駕駛時(shí)可能發(fā)生“短暫失去注意力的瞬間”（brief,unintendedepisodesoflossofattention）。這表明睡眠不足會(huì)影響駕駛時(shí)的專注度。選項(xiàng)C（注意力不集中）符合文意。12.A*解析思路：文章第三段解釋了睡眠不足與體重增加的關(guān)系，提到睡眠會(huì)“擾亂胰島素敏感性”（disruptinsulinsensitivity）和“食欲控制”（appetitecontrol）。這暗示了睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)高熱量食物的渴望增加。選項(xiàng)A（可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)高熱量食物的渴望增加）解釋了文中提到的生理機(jī)制部分原因。13.D*解析思路：文章第三段提到了改善睡眠質(zhì)量的措施，如“建立規(guī)律的睡眠時(shí)間表”、“創(chuàng)造放松的睡前程序”、“優(yōu)化睡眠環(huán)境”、“限制睡前屏幕暴露”、“避免下午晚些時(shí)候攝入咖啡因和晚餐”。選項(xiàng)D（進(jìn)行睡眠研究）并未在文中提及。14.B*解析思路：文章第四段指出，對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說，睡眠問題“可能是潛在醫(yī)療狀況的跡象”（maybeindicativeofunderlyingmedicalconditions），并建議“尋求專業(yè)關(guān)注”（seekprofessionalattention）。這表明如果自我調(diào)整無(wú)效，應(yīng)考慮醫(yī)療幫助。選項(xiàng)B（在自我調(diào)整無(wú)效時(shí)應(yīng)該尋求醫(yī)療幫助）反映了文中的建議。15.A*解析思路：文章首段提出，快速城市化帶來(lái)了環(huán)境和社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)，因此“可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展”（sustainableurbandevelopment）已成為“必要”（imperative）。接著，全文圍繞可持續(xù)城市的組成部分、挑戰(zhàn)和意義展開論述。選項(xiàng)A（可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展）是文章的核心主題。16.D*解析思路：文章第二段提到，可持續(xù)城市是“旨在最大限度地減少負(fù)面環(huán)境影響，同時(shí)最大限度地提高社會(huì)公平和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的設(shè)計(jì)和管理”（designedandmanagedtominimizenegativeenvironmentalimpactswhilemaximizingsocialequityandeconomicviability）。這表明可持續(xù)性是一個(gè)“必須做的事情”或“至關(guān)重要的目標(biāo)”。選項(xiàng)D（必需品）與imperative的意義最接近。17.C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，推廣步行和騎自行車可以“減少交通擁堵”（reducetrafficcongestion）并“改善空氣質(zhì)量”（improveairquality）。選項(xiàng)C（改善空氣質(zhì)量）是文中提到的一個(gè)具體環(huán)境效益。18.B*解析思路：文章第二段解釋了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則，即“從一開始就將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)為可重復(fù)使用和可回收”（designingproductsforreuseandrecyclingfromtheoutset）。這表明其核心思想是“旨在減少浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境足跡”（aimedatreducingwasteandenvironmentalfootprint）。19.A*解析思路：文章第二段提到了可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的復(fù)雜性，并指出需要克服“經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化障礙”（economic,political,andculturalbarriers）。第三段提到“長(zhǎng)期成本”（long-termcosts）的問題。選項(xiàng)A（經(jīng)濟(jì)成本）是文中提到的障礙之一，但并非“所有”障礙。選項(xiàng)C（政治意愿）和選項(xiàng)D（公眾接受度）在文中未明確提及為障礙。20.D*解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)認(rèn)為，雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展復(fù)雜且需克服諸多障礙，但“不采取行動(dòng)的長(zhǎng)期成本”（thelong-termcostsofinaction）——如污染、資源枯竭、社會(huì)不平等——要“遠(yuǎn)大于”（fargreater）這些障礙。這表明作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是采取行動(dòng)的必要性。選項(xiàng)D（不采取行動(dòng)的代價(jià)會(huì)更大）最能體現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)。21.B*解析思路：文章主要論述了可持續(xù)城市如何通過減少污染、管理廢物、提供公平住房、改善環(huán)境等方面，使城市對(duì)居住者更有利（提高生活質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)健康等）。選項(xiàng)B（對(duì)城市居民更有利）概括了這些方面的主要好處。22.A*解析思路：文章首段指出人類通信“發(fā)生了戲劇性的變化”（undergoneadramatictransformation），并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種演變“不僅改變了我們?nèi)绾位?dòng)，還塑造了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、文化規(guī)范，甚至我們對(duì)我們現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)”（alteredhowweinteractbutalsoshapedsocialstructures,culturalnorms,andevenourperceptionofreality）。選項(xiàng)A（人類通信方式的演變及其影響）最能概括全文主旨。23.B*解析思路：文章第二段提到，書寫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)明是一個(gè)“關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”（pivotalshift），因?yàn)樗霸试S信息被記錄、存儲(chǔ)和傳輸”（allowedinformationtoberecorded,stored,andtransmitted），“跨越了巨大的距離和很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間”（overvastdistancesandlongperiods）。這表明書寫系統(tǒng)在信息傳播上起到了決定性的、重要的推動(dòng)作用。選項(xiàng)B（決定性的）與pivotal的意義接近。24.C*解析思路：文章第三段提到，印刷機(jī)的發(fā)明使“書籍和小冊(cè)子更容易獲得和負(fù)擔(dān)得起”（booksandpamphletsbecamemoreaccessibleandaffordable），從而“挑戰(zhàn)了教士和貴族對(duì)知識(shí)的壟斷”（challengingthemonopolyoftheclergyandaristocracyonknowle