PAGE1銜接點(diǎn)18七選五閱讀之巧解方略（初高銜接點(diǎn)及差異）初中階段高中階段側(cè)重對(duì)所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)分出論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地確定應(yīng)該選擇哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)?！捌哌x五閱讀”，一般以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主，記敘文為輔，選文邏輯嚴(yán)密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，突出對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)空題型分布以段中為主，段首和段尾為輔。銜接指引初中階段考查形式：側(cè)重于對(duì)所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)分出論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次高中階段考查形式：注重信息還原(七選五)所選文章多為說(shuō)明文,文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“總—分(—總)”,內(nèi)容通常是教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中學(xué)生的特點(diǎn),貼近中學(xué)生的日常生活。?！境踔须A段考點(diǎn)聚焦】【題型概述】閱讀還原句子是中考題型中比較新的題型，一般有200-250個(gè)單詞左右，常見(jiàn)題型為5選5、6選5、7選5。這題型實(shí)際上需要學(xué)生拓寬自己思維的深度和廣度，不再只是簡(jiǎn)單地從句子層面出發(fā)理解和把控詞匯含義和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐步理解篇章意思，而是從更高層次的篇章層面上，立足整體，體會(huì)句子或語(yǔ)段前后的銜接和連貫性，進(jìn)而把握篇章大意和作者寫(xiě)作思路及其意圖。它要求考生不但要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，而且還要有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力，要求考生能夠“既見(jiàn)樹(shù)木又見(jiàn)森林”,極大的增加了考生的難度。【考查內(nèi)容】文章選文邏輯嚴(yán)密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，突出對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)空題型分布有段中、段首和段尾設(shè)題形式，以考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系為主，考查段落主題句為輔，間或考查段屬的結(jié)論概括性語(yǔ)句。六個(gè)備選項(xiàng)意義都與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)，有一定的干擾迷惑性。試題主要依據(jù)句子在上下文中銜接情況來(lái)命制，銜接手段分為三種：結(jié)構(gòu)銜接、邏輯銜接、詞匯銜接?！窘忸}策略】忌忽略選項(xiàng)。做題時(shí),應(yīng)先把文章后面所給的備選項(xiàng)快速瀏覽一遍,然后帶著這些備選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行閱讀。邊讀邊選出比較簡(jiǎn)單的選項(xiàng),從而提高閱讀效率。忌草率行事。在設(shè)計(jì)選項(xiàng)時(shí),命題者往往在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)或兩個(gè)似是而非的答案。對(duì)所給相似選項(xiàng),要進(jìn)行分析、比較,去偽存真。忌囫圇定案。忌考生在未完全讀懂文章時(shí)就匆忙定案。尚未讀懂的地方,一定要聯(lián)系上下文,仔細(xì)多讀幾遍,直到讀懂再定答案。【示例】閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入小題橫線(xiàn)上的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inourdailylife,whilewelookforhappiness,wemayoftenendupwithbadfeelings.Hereissomeadviceonbeatingthoselowspirits.1Whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourfriends,theycanunderstandhowyoufeel.Thiscanmakeyoufeelhappyagain.Italsohelpsyouseeyourselfinpositive(積極的)ways,soyoucangetbacktobeingwhoyouwanttobe.Getoutofthehouse.2That’sOK,butatleastletyourselfwalktoaplacethatisbeautifuloraplacethatbringsyousomepeace.Achangeoffreshairwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Watchacomedy.Whenyou’resad,youdon’twanttolaugh.Butthecycleofsadnessmustbebrokensoyoucangetbacktoyournormallife.3Smile.Whenyousmile,therewillbechemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))inyourbrainthatmakeyouwanttosmilemoreandmakeyoufeelbetter.4Peoplewillsmileback,andthatwillmakeyouhappier.5Pleasegiveyourselfachance.You’dbesurprisedathoweasyitistofeelbetterwhenyoudothingstohelpyourself.A．Talkwithfriends.B．Makenewfriends.C．Gotoapublicplaceandwearasmile.D．Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.E．Theseideasabovearetomakeyoufeelhappy.F．Andwatchingacomedyisaveryeasywaytostartit.G．Goingoutcanbehardifyoudon’twanttobearoundpeople.【答案】1．A2．G3．F4．C5．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了戰(zhàn)勝情緒低落的建議。1．根據(jù)“Whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourfriends,theycanunderstandhowyoufeel.”可知，此處建議和朋友聊天，選項(xiàng)A“和朋友聊天。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。2．根據(jù)“Getoutofthehouse.”可知，本段建議走出家門(mén)，選項(xiàng)G“如果你不想和人待在一起，出門(mén)可能會(huì)很困難?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選G。3．根據(jù)“Watchacomedy.”可知，本段建議看喜劇，選項(xiàng)F“看喜劇是一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)始方式?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選F。4．根據(jù)“Peoplewillsmileback,andthatwillmakeyouhappier.”可知，你面帶微笑，別人也會(huì)向你微笑，選項(xiàng)C“去公共場(chǎng)所，面帶微笑?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。5．根據(jù)“Pleasegiveyourselfachance.You’dbesurprisedathoweasyitistofeelbetterwhenyoudothingstohelpyourself.”可知，此處放在文末進(jìn)行總結(jié)，選項(xiàng)E“以上這些想法會(huì)讓你感到快樂(lè)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選E?！靖咧须A段考點(diǎn)聚焦】課標(biāo)解讀題型特點(diǎn):1.段首句。通常是段落主題句,或與后文形成并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系,又或是段落間的過(guò)渡句。2.段中句。通常與前后句形成并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系。3.段尾句。通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句,又或者是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。從上表還可以看出試題設(shè)置在段中的數(shù)量較多,段首句和段尾句較少。在做題過(guò)程中,段中試題由于有段落內(nèi)上下文的提示,比較容易得到答案。段尾試題往往是段落的總結(jié),難度也不大。通常情況下,段首的試題難度也比較小,因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中,段首句多為段落主旨句,考生可以根據(jù)段落后面的文本快速推測(cè)答案。但是當(dāng)段首句是對(duì)上下段的過(guò)渡時(shí),難度陡增。2)文章結(jié)構(gòu)(a)描述性結(jié)構(gòu)(主要介紹事物、問(wèn)題或傾向的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程、個(gè)性愛(ài)好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出題重點(diǎn))(b)釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)(解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用例子比喻類(lèi)比闡述)(c)比較性結(jié)構(gòu)(把兩個(gè)人或事物功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比)(d)原因性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、直接的、間接的)(e)駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)其評(píng)論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)、危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一：段首題1、通常是段落的主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2、與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一二句，鎖定線(xiàn)索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。因此這兩句之間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段。3、段落間的過(guò)渡句。這時(shí)要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)銜接,并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容,看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)?！臼纠縋urposeofsleep2Sleephelpsourbodyheal(修復(fù)),grow,andstayhealthy.Italsogivesusenergy,sowecanbeactiveallday.Doctorsandhealthscientistssay:Whenyoucloseyoureyesandneedtorest,sleepisjusttheverybest!Thisismorethanadvice.

A.SleepyanimalsB.Whydoweneedsleep?C.Somepeopletalkintheirdreams.答案2.B【解析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Purposeofsleep可知本段是在解釋需要睡覺(jué)的原因。故選B?？键c(diǎn)二：段中題若空格句在段中，則需根據(jù)空格前后的句子內(nèi)容及邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定答案。1、盯緊橫線(xiàn)的前后詞語(yǔ)。根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。2、抓住過(guò)渡詞，看住上下句?？磁c前文是否是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立，對(duì)比關(guān)系。看與前文是否是并列或排比關(guān)系，在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)。因此，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類(lèi)似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線(xiàn)索?！臼纠縁romthere,thereisbothgoodnewsandbadnews.Thebadnews?___10___So,theyhavetojudgeiftheyareonthemarkbythemselves,Murraysaid.Butthegoodnewsisthatmenandboysoftendowellwhentheygothroughtreatmentfortheireatingdisorders.A.Theeatingdisorderfieldhastotreatmalesbasedonstudiesthatincludeonlyfemales.B.Willaboyormanexperienceeatingdisordersinthatwaytoo?C.Thebestwaytohelpthemgetintotreatmentistosharethetruth—theyarenotalone.【答案】10.A【解析】根據(jù)上文“Fromthere,thereisbothgoodnewsandbadnews.Thebadnews?(由此可見(jiàn)，既有好消息，也有壞消息。這個(gè)壞消息？)”可知，本句承接上文說(shuō)明壞消息是什么，故A選項(xiàng)“飲食失調(diào)領(lǐng)域必須根據(jù)只包括女性的研究來(lái)治療男性”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?？键c(diǎn)三：段尾題1、空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。2、通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞：Therefore，asaresult，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，in

aword，allinall，inconclusion等詞語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。3、所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容的句子如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接，認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞?！臼纠緼sfortheirlovelives,ninepercentofwomenaged45-54mettheirhusbandsthroughtheInternet,andforty-ninepercentofwomenbelievethatthebestagetogetmarriedisbetween25and29.4A．ItseemsthatBritishwomenaren’ttoohappywiththeirbodies.B．Iwantyoutoshareopinionswithus.C．Herearesomeoftheresults.D．Fifty-ninepercentthinkfathersshouldtakemoreresponsibilityfortheirchildren.E．Moreandmorewomenpreferbeingalonetogettingmarried.F．Thebiggestchallengeformodemwomenisbalancinghomeandworklife(82%).G．Becausetheythinktheycanmakearationalchoiceatthatage.【答案】4．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了對(duì)1000多名應(yīng)該女性關(guān)于飲食習(xí)慣，人際關(guān)系，家庭價(jià)值觀等問(wèn)題的采訪結(jié)果。4．根據(jù)“forty-ninepercentofwomenbelievethatthebestagetogetmarriedisbetween25and29”可知，結(jié)婚最好的年齡是25—29歲，接下來(lái)應(yīng)表述為什么，這與選項(xiàng)G“因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為在那個(gè)年齡段能夠做明智的選擇”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！綪assage1】閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyhaveheardofsharkfinsoup.Butdoyourealizethatyou’rekillingawholesharkeachtimeyouenjoyabowlofsharkfinsoup?Whenpeoplecatchsharks,theycutofftheirfinsandthrowthesharksbackintotheocean.1Withoutafin,asharkcannolongerswimandslowlydies.Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchainintheocean’secosystem.2Manybelievethatsharkscanneverbeendangeredbecausetheyarethestrongestintheirfoodchain.3Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.Environmentalprotectiongroupsaroundtheworld,suchasWildAidandtheWWF,areteachingthepublicabout“finning”.4Sofar,noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth,sowhyeatthem?5A．Helpsavethesharks!B．Theyareingreatdangernow.C．Thisisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.D．Itisthishighpricethathasleadtothespreadofsharkfinning.E．Iftheirnumbersdroptoolow,itwillbringdangertoalloceanlife.F．Theyhaveevenaskedgovernmentstodeveloplawstostopthesaleofsharkfins.G．Butinfact,around70millionsharksarecaughtandtradedinthisindustryeveryyear.【答案】1．C2．E3．G4．F5．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了人們對(duì)魚(yú)翅的喜愛(ài)導(dǎo)致了鯊魚(yú)數(shù)量嚴(yán)重下降的情況，以及對(duì)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，同時(shí)環(huán)保組織也在呼吁政府立法來(lái)禁止魚(yú)翅的買(mǎi)賣(mài)。1．根據(jù)“Whenpeoplecatchsharks,theycutofftheirfinsandthrowthesharksbackintotheocean.”可知，此處介紹這種行為帶來(lái)的不良后果，選項(xiàng)C“這不僅殘忍，而且對(duì)環(huán)境有害”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。2．根據(jù)“Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchainintheocean’secosystem.”可知，此處鯊魚(yú)數(shù)量減少帶來(lái)的影響，選項(xiàng)E“如果它們的數(shù)量下降得太低，就會(huì)給所有的海洋生物帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。3．根據(jù)“Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.”可知，選項(xiàng)G“但事實(shí)上，每年大約有7000萬(wàn)只鯊魚(yú)被捕獲并在這個(gè)行業(yè)中交易”符合語(yǔ)境，用于介紹鯊魚(yú)數(shù)量減少的原因。故選G。4．根據(jù)“Environmentalprotectiongroupsaroundtheworld,suchasWildAidandtheWWF,areteachingthepublicabout‘finning’.”可知，此處在說(shuō)環(huán)境保護(hù)組織為保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)做了哪些努力，選項(xiàng)F“他們甚至要求政府制定法律來(lái)禁止魚(yú)翅的銷(xiāo)售”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。5．根據(jù)“Sofar,noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth,sowhyeatthem?”可知，此處是號(hào)召人類(lèi)保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)，選項(xiàng)A“幫助拯救鯊魚(yú)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！綪assage2】Doyoufindithardtosaynowheneversomeonecomestoyouforhelp?Doyoufeelsorrywhenyouhavetotellpeoplethatyoureallycan’thelpthem?Anddoyouoftensay“yes”whileyouransweris“no”?Ifyouansweredyes,youmaybea“people-pleaser”.Beingfriendlyandhelpfulisagoodthing.However,goingtoofarcanmakeyoufeelstressed.6Tostartwith,it’simportanttoknowyourlimitsandcreate“boundaries”inyourlife.Beclearaboutwhatyoureallyliketodo.7Theycanonlycometoyouatthattime.8Inthiscase,youcantrypositiveself-talk.Remindyourselfthatyouhavedreamstoo.Youdon’thavetogiveawayyourtimeandenergytodothingsthatdon’tbringyoujoy.Makingasuddenchangecanbehard,sostartbytakingsmallsteps.Youmay,forexample,texttosayno.9Practicethisindifferentsituations,suchastalkingtoasalespersonororderingatarestaurant.Thentryrefusingyourfriendsorrelatives.Stoppingbeingapeople-pleaserdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveupbeingkindandhelpfulaltogether.10Pleasingyourselfismuchmoreimportantthanpleasingothers.A．Youcantellothershowyouwillhelpthem.B．Youcanalsotellotherswhattimeyouarefree.C．Then,workyourwayuptosayingnoinperson.D．Itmakesyoufeelbettertosaynotootherswithoutfacingthem.E．Youcanstilldogoodthings—butdon’ttakeawayyourownhappiness.F．Luckily,therearesomestepsthatyoucantaketostopbeingapeople-pleaser.G．Somepeopletrytopleaseothersbecausetheyhavelittleconfidenceinthemselves.【答案】6．F7．B8．G9．C10．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了一些如何避免成為“討好型人格”的建議。6．根據(jù)下文“Tostartwith,it’simportanttoknowyourlimitsandcreate‘boundaries’inyourlife.”可知，此處承上啟下，引出解決問(wèn)題的建議，選項(xiàng)F“幸運(yùn)的是，你可以采取一些步驟來(lái)停止取悅他人?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選F。7．根據(jù)下文“Theycanonlycometoyouatthattime.”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處指告訴別人你什么時(shí)候有空，然后他們只能在那個(gè)時(shí)候來(lái)找你，選項(xiàng)B“你也可以告訴別人你什么時(shí)候有空?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選B。8．根據(jù)下文“Inthiscase,youcantrypositiveself-talk.Remindyourselfthatyouhavedreamstoo.Youdon’thavetogiveawayyourtimeandenergytodothingsthatdon’tbringyoujoy.”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處指取悅別人的原因，選項(xiàng)G“有些人試圖取悅他人，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己沒(méi)有信心?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。9．根據(jù)下文“Practicethisindifferentsituations,suchastalkingtoasalespersonororderingatarestaurant.Thentryrefusingyourfriendsorrelatives.”可知，此處與當(dāng)面拒絕別人有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)C“然后，努力做到當(dāng)面拒絕?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C。10．根據(jù)下文“Pleasingyourselfismuchmoreimportantthanpleasingothers.”可知，此處與取悅自己有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)E“你仍然可以做好事——但不要?jiǎng)儕Z你自己的幸福。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！綪assage3】Howdifferentcanculturesbe?Very!Peoplefromdifferentculturescaneatdifferentfoodsandliveindifferentkindsofhouses.Theyprobablyspeakdifferentlanguagesandhavedifferentbeliefsandcustoms.Butguesswhat?11Thesimilaritiesbetweenculturesconnectpeopleandhelpthemcommunicate.Wesometimescallthesemeans(方式)ofcommunicationuniversal(全世界的)languages.12Andsomeofthemallowpeopleofwildlydifferentbackgroundstocommunicateandshareemotionsandfeelings.Forexample,somepeoplebelievemusicisauniversallanguage.13Expertshavelearnedhat,acrosscultures,peoplecannoticethreecommonemotionsinmusic:happiness,sadness,andfear.Musicmayevenbeabletobridgethedifferencesnotonlybetweenpeopleofdifferentculturesbutalsobetweenpeopleandothercreatures(生物).Musichasbeenknowntobeagoodinfluenceonallkindsofanimals.Sowhatotherkindsoflanguagesthateveryonecanunderstandmighttherebe?14Alongwithmusic,dancingseemstobeacommoninterestsharedbypeopleallovertheworld.Doyouthinkyoucouldseeadancefromanothercultureandmakesomereasonableguessesabouttheideasandemotionsbehindit?Ofcourse,youcould!Anotheruniversallanguagethatyoumightnothavethoughtofismath!15Thevalueofpi(圓周率)isaround3.14159,nomatterwhereyouareonEarth!A．Thereissomescientificsupportforthisidea.B．Thereisnodoubtthatartisauniversallanguagetoo.C．Ifyouthinkaboutitnow,though,itjustmakessense.D．Theycanalsobesimilarinwaysyoumightnotexpect.E．Somepeoplebelievedanceisalsoauniversallanguage.F．Peoplefromdifferentculturesdon’thavedifferentopinionsonallthings.G．Strictlyspeaking,they’renotlanguagesbutwaysofsharingthoughtsandideas.【答案】11．D12．G13．A14．E15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了三種通用語(yǔ)言：音樂(lè)、舞蹈和數(shù)學(xué)。11．根據(jù)“Thesimilaritiesbetweenculturesconnectpeopleandhelpthemcommunicate.”可知，提到了文化之間的相似性。選項(xiàng)D“它們也可能在你意想不到的方面相似?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選D。12．根據(jù)“Wesometimescallthesemeans(方式)ofcommunicationuniversal(全世界的)languages.”可知，提到了通用語(yǔ)言。選項(xiàng)G“嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，它們不是語(yǔ)言，而是分享思想和觀點(diǎn)的方式?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。13．根據(jù)“Forexample,somepeoplebelievemusicisauniversallanguage.”以及“Expertshavelearnedhat,acrosscultures,peoplecannoticethreecommonemotionsinmusic:happiness,sadness,andfear.”可知，有些人認(rèn)為音樂(lè)是一種通用語(yǔ)言。專(zhuān)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不同的文化中，人們可以在音樂(lè)中注意到三種常見(jiàn)的情緒：快樂(lè)、悲傷和恐懼。選項(xiàng)A“這一觀點(diǎn)有一些科學(xué)依據(jù)。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。14．根據(jù)“Alongwithmusic,dancingseemstobeacommoninterestsharedbypeopleallovertheworld.”可知，和音樂(lè)一樣，跳舞似乎是全世界人民的共同愛(ài)好。選項(xiàng)E“有些人認(rèn)為舞蹈也是一種通用語(yǔ)言?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E。15．根據(jù)“Thevalueofpi(圓周率)isaround3.14159,nomatterwhereyouareonEarth!”可知，另一種你可能沒(méi)有想到的通用語(yǔ)言是數(shù)學(xué)，無(wú)論你在地球上的任何地方，圓周率的值大約是3.14159。選項(xiàng)C“如果你現(xiàn)在想一下，這是有道理的?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C?！綪assage4】OnMarch4th,after10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUNagreement-theHighSeasTreaty(《公海保護(hù)協(xié)議》).Itisthefirstofitskindin40years,16Oceanscoverabout71%oftheearth’ssurface,andarehometoallanimalsandplants.Healthyoceansplayaveryimportantroleinahealthyplanet.17Overfishing(過(guò)度捕撈)hashadterribleinfluenceonmanyfishesandotheranimals.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(破環(huán))inmanyareas.In1982,oneUNseaagreementdescribedthe“highseas”—thepartsoftheoceansthataren’tcontrolledbyanycountry.18Thehighseascoverabout2/3oftheocean.Butnowonlyl.2%oftheseareasareprotected.19Italsorequiresthattheresearchshouldfirstbedonetoseewhatinfluencehuman’sactivitiesmighthaveontheoceanenvironment.Duringthepast10years,thetalkswereheldtimeandtimeagain.20Forexample,therearedisagreementsabouthowmuchtocontrolfishingorpollution,Nowtheagreementhasalongwaytogo,whichmustbeofficiallyacceptedataUNmeetingandbesupportedbyenoughcountriesbeforeitworks.A．Buttheoceansareintrouble.B．Andit’sagreatachievementinprotectingtheworld’soceans.C．Theagreementwasfinallyreachedafterdifficultdiscussions.D．Soallcountrieshavetheright(權(quán)利)tofishandsendshipsthere.E．Thatisbecausedifferentcountrieshavetheirowndifferentideas.F．Thenewagreementsetsagoaltoturn30%ofthehighseasintoprotectedareas.G．Oceansareimportantforeverythingontheearth.【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．F20．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了海洋的重要性，并講述為了保護(hù)海洋，近200個(gè)國(guó)家同意了一項(xiàng)新的聯(lián)合國(guó)協(xié)議——《公海保護(hù)協(xié)議》。16．根據(jù)前句“Itisthefirstofitskindin40years.”可知此處介紹這個(gè)協(xié)議的重要性，選項(xiàng)B“這是保護(hù)世界海洋的偉大成就。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。17．根據(jù)后句“Overfishing(過(guò)度捕撈)hashadterribleinfluenceonmanykindsoffishandotheranimals.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(破壞)inmanyareas.”可知此處介紹海洋處在危險(xiǎn)中，選項(xiàng)A“但海洋卻陷入了困境。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。18．根據(jù)前句“In1982,oneUNseaagreementdescribedthe‘highseas’—thepartsoftheoceansthataren’tcontrolledbyanycountry”可知每個(gè)國(guó)家都可以使用海洋中不受任何國(guó)家控制的部分，選項(xiàng)D“因此，所有國(guó)家都有權(quán)在那里捕魚(yú)并派遣船只?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選D。19．根據(jù)前句“Butnowonly1.2%oftheseareasareprotected.”可知此處講述協(xié)議通過(guò)之后，有多少海洋受到保護(hù)，選項(xiàng)F“新協(xié)議設(shè)定了將30%的公海變成保護(hù)區(qū)的目標(biāo)。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。20．根據(jù)前句“Duringthepast10years,thetalkswereheldtimeandtimeagain.”可知此處介紹不斷舉行談話(huà)的原因，選項(xiàng)E“這是因?yàn)椴煌膰?guó)家有自己不同的想法?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E?！綪assage5】HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandimproveshealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.21Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.Associatewithothers.Thefirststepinmakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.22Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.23

Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.LetitgrowItisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopress(強(qiáng)迫)yournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.24Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.25Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A．Becheerful.B．Dothingstogether.C．Donotwaittobespokento.D．Trynottofindfaults(缺點(diǎn))withyourfriends.E．Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F．Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G．Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.【答案】21．E22．C23．B24．G25．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了一些關(guān)于如何結(jié)交和維持友誼的有用建議。21．根據(jù)后文“Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.”可知轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明交朋友對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)很困難，E項(xiàng)“對(duì)于某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，結(jié)交新朋友很容易。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。22．根據(jù)后文“Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.”可知自己可以隨時(shí)開(kāi)始對(duì)話(huà)，C項(xiàng)“不要等待別人來(lái)跟你說(shuō)話(huà)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。23．根據(jù)后文“Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.”可知要和朋友有共同的興趣愛(ài)好，B項(xiàng)“一起做事情?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選B。24．根據(jù)前文“However,trynottopress(強(qiáng)迫)yournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.”可知不要強(qiáng)迫朋友聯(lián)系你，也需要給對(duì)方時(shí)間，G項(xiàng)“所以你需要給你的朋友時(shí)間對(duì)你做出反應(yīng)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選G。25．根據(jù)后文“Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.”可知不要把朋友變成你希望他們成為的樣子，D項(xiàng)“盡量不要找你朋友的缺點(diǎn)。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！綪assage1】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Bananasdon’tgrowontrees.Theygrowonastalk(莖)thatlooksjustalittlelikeastalkofcorn.Thestalkissoftenoughtobecutwithaknife.Ittakesaboutayearbeforebananasarereadytobepicked.Someareassmallasfingers.31.Somebananaplantsgrowastallasahouse—eventaller!32.Somenevergetsweet,andtheyarecookedasakindofvegetable.Thetastyfruitdoesn’tcomefromaseedbutfromarootplanteddeepintheground.First,astalkpushesupintotheair.33.Inthebeginning,thebananaplantgrowsveryfast—sometimesasmuchasthelengthofyourfeetinonenight.Soon,sweet-smellingflowerscomeout,andwhentheirflowersdropoff,bananasbegintogrow.Astheygetbigger,bananasstartturningup(卷起來(lái)).34!Bananasarereadytoeatwhentheyturnsoftandyellow.Bananasarepickedlongbeforethis——whenthey’rehardandgreen.Thisisbecausebananashavetotravelmanymilesbeforetheyarriveatastore.35.Therearespecialboatsjustforbananasandspecialtrainsthatkeepthemjustcoolenoughsothattheywillgetripe(成熟的)whiletraveling.Ifbananasarepickedwhentheyareripe,theywillspoilontheway.A．ThentheleavesgrowB．NotallbananasareeatenasfruitC．AlongtimeisspentpickingbananasD．Itlooksasifthey’regrowingupsidedownE．ManypeoplelikeeatingbananasF．Othersareaslongasmen、’sarmsG．Onboatsandtrainsbananastravelallovertheworld【答案】31．F32．B33．A34．D35．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了香蕉這種植物及其相關(guān)的一些情況。31．根據(jù)“Someareassmallasfingers.”以及“Somebananaplantsgrowastallasahouse—eventaller!”可知，這里接著上句的內(nèi)容，繼續(xù)描述香蕉的大小情況，選項(xiàng)F“有的像人的手臂一樣長(zhǎng)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。32．根據(jù)“Somenevergetsweet,andtheyarecookedasakindofvegetable.”可知，這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)不是說(shuō)有的香蕉都能作水果，選項(xiàng)B“并不是所有的香蕉都可以當(dāng)水果吃”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。33．根據(jù)“Firstastalkpushesupintotheair.”以及“Inthebeginning,thebananaplantgrowsveryfast—sometimesasmuchasthelengthofyourfeetinonenight.”可知，這里應(yīng)該講的是植物的生長(zhǎng)情況，選項(xiàng)A“然后葉子長(zhǎng)出來(lái)了”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。34．根據(jù)“Astheygetbigger,bananasstartturningup(卷起來(lái)).”可知，這里說(shuō)的是香蕉的生長(zhǎng)情況，選項(xiàng)D“看起來(lái)好像它們是倒掛著生長(zhǎng)的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。35．根據(jù)“Therearespecialboatsjustforbananasandspecialtrainsthatkeepthemjustcoolenoughsothattheywillgetripe(成熟的)whiletraveling.”可知，這里應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是香蕉運(yùn)輸?shù)那闆r，選項(xiàng)G“香蕉在船上和火車(chē)上周游世界”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！綪assage2】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WaystoSleepSmarterStudiesshowthatpoorsleepinfluencespeopletomakegooddecisions,focusonworkandevenmanageafriendlymoodatwork.36.Todaywe’vegotfourtopfavoritesleeptipsandfacts.Setaregularbedtime37.Chooseatimewhenyounormallyfeeltired.Trynottobreakthisroutineonweekendswhenyouwillprobablystayuplate.Ifyouwanttochangeyourbedtime,makethechangegradually,suchas15minutesearlierorlatereachday.Eattherightfood.Somefoodsaremorehelpfultoabetternight’ssleepthanothers.38.Otherslikebananas,potatoes,andwhole-wheatbreadarealsohelpful.39Exercisingprovideslotsofgoodhealthbenefits.Agoodnight’ssleepisoneofthem.Butmakesureyouexerciseinthemorningorafternoon.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportsthatexerciseinthemorningorafternooncanhelpdeepensleepandcutthetimeittakesforyoutofallintosleep.However,thosewhoworkedoutintheeveninghourssawlittleornoimprovementintheirsleep.Reducescreentimebeforebed40.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplewhouseelectronicmediajustbeforebedtimereportlower-qualitysleepevenwhentheygetasmuchsleepasthosewhodon’t.A．AvoidthealarmclockB．ExercisetoimprovesleepC．TrytosolveproblemsinyoursleepD．GotobedatthesametimeeverynightE．TherearelotsofwaystobetteryoursleepF．EverybodyknowsthatwarmmilkhelpspeoplesleepbetterG．StopwatchingTVjustbeforebedtimeandyou’llsleepbetter【答案】36．E37．D38．F39．B40．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了四種可以讓自己獲得更好的睡眠的技巧。36．根據(jù)下文“Todaywe’vegotfourtopfavoritesleeptipsandfacts.”可知空處與睡眠方法或技巧相關(guān)；選項(xiàng)E“有很多方法可以改善你的睡眠”符合。故選E。37．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Setaregularbedtime”和下文“Chooseatimewhenyounormallyfeeltired.”可知空處是說(shuō)睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間；選項(xiàng)D“每天晚上在同一時(shí)間上床睡覺(jué)”符合。故選D。38．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Eattherightfood.”和空前“Somefoodsaremorehelpfultoabetternight’ssleepthanothers.”可知空處是說(shuō)有助于睡眠的食物；選項(xiàng)F“每個(gè)人都知道熱牛奶有助于人們睡得更好”符合。故選F。39．根據(jù)下文“Exercisingprovideslotsofgoodhealthbenefits.”可知空處與鍛煉相關(guān)；選項(xiàng)B“運(yùn)動(dòng)改善睡眠”符合語(yǔ)境。故選