2025年人工智能科技公司招聘編程高手面試指南與模擬題集一、編程基礎(chǔ)題（共5題，每題10分，總分50分）題目1：數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法基礎(chǔ)題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)快速排序算法。輸入一個整數(shù)數(shù)組，輸出排序后的數(shù)組。要求說明時間復(fù)雜度和空間復(fù)雜度。答案：pythondefquick_sort(arr):iflen(arr)<=1:returnarrpivot=arr[len(arr)//2]left=[xforxinarrifx<pivot]middle=[xforxinarrifx==pivot]right=[xforxinarrifx>pivot]returnquick_sort(left)+middle+quick_sort(right)#時間復(fù)雜度：O(nlogn)#空間復(fù)雜度：O(logn)題目2：字符串處理題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)將一個字符串中的所有空格替換為"%20"。假設(shè)字符串中有足夠的空間存儲結(jié)果。答案：pythondefreplace_spaces(s):returns.replace("","%20")#示例print(replace_spaces("HelloWorld"))#輸出:Hello%20World題目3：鏈表操作題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)一個單鏈表。輸入鏈表的頭節(jié)點(diǎn)，輸出反轉(zhuǎn)后的鏈表的頭節(jié)點(diǎn)。答案：pythonclassListNode:def__init__(self,val=0,next=None):self.val=valself.next=nextdefreverse_list(head):prev=Nonecurrent=headwhilecurrent:next_node=current.nextcurrent.next=prevprev=currentcurrent=next_nodereturnprev#示例node1=ListNode(1)node2=ListNode(2)node3=ListNode(3)node1.next=node2node2.next=node3reversed_head=reverse_list(node1)print(reversed_head.val)#輸出:3題目4：二叉樹遍歷題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)二叉樹的層序遍歷。輸入二叉樹的根節(jié)點(diǎn)，輸出一個列表，其中包含層序遍歷的結(jié)果。答案：pythonfromcollectionsimportdequeclassTreeNode:def__init__(self,val=0,left=None,right=None):self.val=valself.left=leftself.right=rightdeflevel_order(root):ifnotroot:return[]result=[]queue=deque([root])whilequeue:level_size=len(queue)level=[]for_inrange(level_size):node=queue.popleft()level.append(node.val)ifnode.left:queue.append(node.left)ifnode.right:queue.append(node.right)result.append(level)returnresult#示例root=TreeNode(3)root.left=TreeNode(9)root.right=TreeNode(20)root.right.left=TreeNode(15)root.right.right=TreeNode(7)print(level_order(root))#輸出:[[3],[9,20],[15,7]]題目5：動態(tài)規(guī)劃題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)斐波那契數(shù)列的第n項(xiàng)。使用動態(tài)規(guī)劃方法，要求時間復(fù)雜度為O(n)。答案：pythondeffibonacci(n):ifn<=1:returnndp=[0]*(n+1)dp[1]=1foriinrange(2,n+1):dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-2]returndp[n]#示例print(fibonacci(10))#輸出:55二、編程進(jìn)階題（共5題，每題15分，總分75分）題目6：數(shù)據(jù)庫操作題目內(nèi)容：假設(shè)你有一個用戶表`users`，包含字段`id`（主鍵）、`name`、`email`。編寫SQL查詢，找出所有郵箱為`example@`的用戶，并按`id`降序排列。答案：sqlSELECT*FROMusersWHEREemail='example@'ORDERBYidDESC;題目7：并發(fā)編程題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個Python程序，使用多線程實(shí)現(xiàn)并發(fā)下載三個文件。假設(shè)文件URL分別為`url1`、`url2`、`url3`，使用`requests`庫獲取文件內(nèi)容，并保存到本地。答案：pythonimportrequestsfromthreadingimportThreaddefdownload_file(url,filename):response=requests.get(url)withopen(filename,'wb')asf:f.write(response.content)defmain():urls=[("url1","file1.txt"),("url2","file2.txt"),("url3","file3.txt")]threads=[]forurl,filenameinurls:thread=Thread(target=download_file,args=(url,filename))threads.append(thread)thread.start()forthreadinthreads:thread.join()if__name__=="__main__":main()題目8：網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個簡單的TCP服務(wù)器和客戶端，服務(wù)器接收客戶端發(fā)送的字符串，并將其大寫后返回給客戶端。答案：python#服務(wù)器端importsocketdefstart_server():server_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)server_socket.bind(('localhost',12345))server_socket.listen(5)print("Serverstarted,waitingforconnections...")whileTrue:client_socket,addr=server_socket.accept()print(f"Connectionfrom{addr}")data=client_socket.recv(1024).decode()upper_data=data.upper()client_socket.send(upper_data.encode())client_socket.close()#客戶端defstart_client():client_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)client_socket.connect(('localhost',12345))message="HelloServer"client_socket.send(message.encode())response=client_socket.recv(1024).decode()print(f"Serverresponse:{response}")client_socket.close()#運(yùn)行服務(wù)器#start_server()#運(yùn)行客戶端start_client()題目9：設(shè)計(jì)模式題目內(nèi)容：編寫一個簡單的工廠模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個形狀工廠，能夠根據(jù)輸入?yún)?shù)創(chuàng)建圓形或矩形對象。要求使用Python實(shí)現(xiàn)。答案：pythonfromabcimportABC,abstractmethodclassShape(ABC):@abstractmethoddefdraw(self):passclassCircle(Shape):defdraw(self):print("DrawingCircle")classRectangle(Shape):defdraw(self):print("DrawingRectangle")classShapeFactory:defcreate_shape(shape_type):ifshape_type=="circle":returnCircle()elifshape_type=="rectangle":returnRectangle()else:raiseValueError("Invalidshapetype")#示例shape1=ShapeFactory.create_shape("circle")shape1.draw()#輸出:DrawingCircleshape2=ShapeFactory.create_shape("rectangle")shape2.draw()#輸出:DrawingRectangle題目10：系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)題目內(nèi)容：設(shè)計(jì)一個簡單的消息隊(duì)列系統(tǒng)，要求支持以下功能：1.生產(chǎn)者向隊(duì)列中發(fā)送消息2.消費(fèi)者從隊(duì)列中讀取消息3.隊(duì)列支持持久化，即重啟后數(shù)據(jù)不丟失答案：pythonimportjsonimportosclassMessageQueue:def__init__(self,filename):self.filename=filenameself.messages=[]self.load_messages()defload_messages(self):ifos.path.exists(self.filename):withopen(self.filename,'r')asf:self.messages=json.load(f)defsave_messages(self):withopen(self.filename,'w')asf:json.dump(self.messages,f)defsend_message(self,message):self.messages.append(message)self.save_messages()defconsume_message(self):ifself.messages:returnself.messages.pop(0)returnNone#示例mq=MessageQueue("queue.json")mq.send_message({"id":1,"content":"Hello"})mq.send_message({"id":2,"content":"World"})print(mq.consume_message())#輸出:{'id':1,'content':'Hello'}print(mq.consume_message())#輸出:{'id':2,'content':'World'}答案部分編程基礎(chǔ)題答案題目1：數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法基礎(chǔ)pythondefquick_sort(arr):iflen(arr)<=1:returnarrpivot=arr[len(arr)//2]left=[xforxinarrifx<pivot]middle=[xforxinarrifx==pivot]right=[xforxinarrifx>pivot]returnquick_sort(left)+middle+quick_sort(right)#時間復(fù)雜度：O(nlogn)#空間復(fù)雜度：O(logn)題目2：字符串處理pythondefreplace_spaces(s):returns.replace("","%20")#示例print(replace_spaces("HelloWorld"))#輸出:Hello%20World題目3：鏈表操作pythonclassListNode:def__init__(self,val=0,next=None):self.val=valself.next=nextdefreverse_list(head):prev=Nonecurrent=headwhilecurrent:next_node=current.nextcurrent.next=prevprev=currentcurrent=next_nodereturnprev#示例node1=ListNode(1)node2=ListNode(2)node3=ListNode(3)node1.next=node2node2.next=node3reversed_head=reverse_list(node1)print(reversed_head.val)#輸出:3題目4：二叉樹遍歷pythonfromcollectionsimportdequeclassTreeNode:def__init__(self,val=0,left=None,right=None):self.val=valself.left=leftself.right=rightdeflevel_order(root):ifnotroot:return[]result=[]queue=deque([root])whilequeue:level_size=len(queue)level=[]for_inrange(level_size):node=queue.popleft()level.append(node.val)ifnode.left:queue.append(node.left)ifnode.right:queue.append(node.right)result.append(level)returnresult#示例root=TreeNode(3)root.left=TreeNode(9)root.right=TreeNode(20)root.right.left=TreeNode(15)root.right.right=TreeNode(7)print(level_order(root))#輸出:[[3],[9,20],[15,7]]題目5：動態(tài)規(guī)劃pythondeffibonacci(n):ifn<=1:returnndp=[0]*(n+1)dp[1]=1foriinrange(2,n+1):dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-2]returndp[n]#示例print(fibonacci(10))#輸出:55編程進(jìn)階題答案題目6：數(shù)據(jù)庫操作sqlSELECT*FROMusersWHEREemail='example@'ORDERBYidDESC;題目7：并發(fā)編程pythonimportrequestsfromthreadingimportThreaddefdownload_file(url,filename):response=requests.get(url)withopen(filename,'wb')asf:f.write(response.content)defmain():urls=[("url1","file1.txt"),("url2","file2.txt"),("url3","file3.txt")]threads=[]forurl,filenameinurls:thread=Thread(target=download_file,args=(url,filename))threads.append(thread)thread.start()forthreadinthreads:thread.join()if__name__=="__main__":main()題目8：網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程python#服務(wù)器端importsocketdefstart_server():server_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)server_socket.bind(('localhost',12345))server_socket.listen(5)print("Serverstarted,waitingforconnections...")whileTrue:client_socket,addr=server_socket.accept()print(f"Connectionfrom{addr}")data=client_socket.recv(1024).decode()upper_data=data.upper()client_socket.send(upper_data.encode())client_socket.close()#客戶端defstart_client():client_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)client_socket.connect(('localhost',12345))message="HelloServer"client_socket.send(message.encode())response=client_socket.recv(1024).decode()print(f"Serverresponse:{response}")client_socket.close()#運(yùn)行服務(wù)器#start_server()#運(yùn)行客戶端start_client()題目9：設(shè)計(jì)模式pythonfromabcimportABC,abstractmethodclassShape(ABC):@abstractmethoddefdraw(self):passclassCircle(Shape):defdraw(self):print("DrawingCircle")classRectangle(Shape):defdraw(self):print("DrawingRectangle")classShapeFactory:defcreate_shape(shape_type):ifshape_type=="circle":returnCircle()elifshape_type=="rectangle":returnRectangle()else:raiseValueError("Invalidshapetype")#示例