39/60第02講完形填空——說(shuō)明文和議論文目錄01TOC\o"1-3"\h\u202體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 303核心突破·靶向攻堅(jiān) 4考點(diǎn)一利用文章首段的觀點(diǎn)或看法解題 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)1說(shuō)明文完形填空的特點(diǎn) 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)2議論文完形填空的特點(diǎn) 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)3利用文章首段的觀點(diǎn)或看法解題 4考點(diǎn)二注重文章尾段的結(jié)論解題 7知識(shí)點(diǎn)注重文章尾段的結(jié)論解題 7考向注重文章尾段的結(jié)論解題 7考點(diǎn)三利用段落主題句解題 8考點(diǎn)四利用說(shuō)明順序解題 904真題溯源·考向感知 10完形填空之說(shuō)明文和議論文考點(diǎn)目標(biāo)要求年份卷別體裁主題文章詞數(shù)考情分析完形填空之說(shuō)明文和議論文考查在具體語(yǔ)境中理解詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)的得體性和準(zhǔn)確性2022全國(guó)乙卷說(shuō)明文人際關(guān)系254根據(jù)新高考三年的考情分析，完形填空說(shuō)明文和議論文主要集中考查：動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞在完形填空語(yǔ)篇中的得體性和準(zhǔn)確性。但它們更注重考查文章的邏輯性和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。2026年高考很有可能考說(shuō)明文或議論文。近幾年一直在考記敘文，為了避免思維定式，26年考說(shuō)明文的可能性更大。2022浙江卷議論文人與自我——誠(chéng)信266考點(diǎn)一利用文章首段的觀點(diǎn)或看法解題知識(shí)點(diǎn)1說(shuō)明文完形填空的特點(diǎn)文體特征說(shuō)明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問(wèn)題從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)加以說(shuō)明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。其主要特點(diǎn)為：1.開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題在說(shuō)明文類的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，這是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰說(shuō)明文一般按一定的順序展開(kāi)。理清文章的說(shuō)明順序，對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3.難度較大說(shuō)明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)較多，句子較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。4.遣詞用字簡(jiǎn)練說(shuō)明文一般采用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過(guò)程及其規(guī)律。5.條理清晰說(shuō)明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來(lái)說(shuō)明事物或事理。應(yīng)試策略1.

快速弄清文章大意對(duì)于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀，對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。說(shuō)明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時(shí)，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2.

弄清楚說(shuō)明的順序把握了說(shuō)明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。3.

把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí)，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑，我們?cè)诶斫饧?xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。4.

注重上下文語(yǔ)境應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)特定的語(yǔ)境作深入的理解，克服＂思維定勢(shì)＂，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。5.

熟練做題方法，遵循四個(gè)原則：（1）上下一致。每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語(yǔ)法正確。從語(yǔ)法地角度去考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時(shí)每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語(yǔ)境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語(yǔ)中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2議論文完形填空的特點(diǎn)文體特征議論文都是由論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對(duì)象、論據(jù)（用來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過(guò)程與方法），這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論（提出問(wèn)題，即what）、本論（分析問(wèn)題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問(wèn)題，即how）三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，其具體的結(jié)構(gòu)模式又有以下三種：模式一：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——正方論點(diǎn)心（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章主體段（中間部分）的每一個(gè)部分論述一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，這些論點(diǎn)以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的論點(diǎn)在最后面，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。模式二：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——反面意見(jiàn)（反方觀點(diǎn)+作者的反駁）、正方論點(diǎn)1（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章立體段的一開(kāi)始就提出對(duì)立方的反面意見(jiàn)及作者對(duì)這種意見(jiàn)的反駁，以后各部分仍分別陳述作者的不同論點(diǎn)。模式三：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——反方觀點(diǎn)1+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)2+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)3+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，作者在文章主體段的每一部分都先提出一個(gè)反面觀點(diǎn)，然后再進(jìn)行反駁。議論文有自己的語(yǔ)言個(gè)性，它不同于記敘文的生動(dòng)形象，也不同于說(shuō)明文的簡(jiǎn)明易懂。議論是對(duì)具體事物、事理作出的理論上分析與闡述，因此，它的語(yǔ)言自然客觀的、抽象的、概括的。同時(shí)，它的語(yǔ)言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏輯。文中會(huì)較多地使用，諸如since（既然），nowthat（既然），therefore（因而），inthatcase（在那種情況下），so（所以），Itfollowsthat…（因而…），If…，wemayconcludethat…（如果……，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論……），Shoulditbethecase（如果是這樣的話……），Idon’twantto…,but…（我并不想……），Itistruethat…,but…（誠(chéng)然……但是……）,Evenif…（即使……）等有辯論和推理含義的連接和過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。此外，作者的寫作態(tài)度一般也較誠(chéng)懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語(yǔ)氣，不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、以勢(shì)居人、逼人接受的感覺(jué)，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。應(yīng)試策略技巧一把握首句議論文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句，作者通常在首段提出總論點(diǎn)，然后在每段的首句提出分論點(diǎn)。技巧二依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)查論點(diǎn)文章論點(diǎn)提出一般有以下三種。開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山：直接提出論點(diǎn)，然后用正反、對(duì)比、舉例等論據(jù)加以論證，最后總結(jié)全文。拋磚引玉：先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件事情或現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后得出結(jié)論。文末總結(jié)：先列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后得出結(jié)論。技巧三末段結(jié)論議論文的尾段就是結(jié)論，也是對(duì)論點(diǎn)的照應(yīng)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3利用文章首段的觀點(diǎn)或看法解題說(shuō)明文和議論文有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，文章的首段總是提出要說(shuō)明的事實(shí)或結(jié)論或提出論點(diǎn)或提出要解決的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)文章作者提出的結(jié)論或論點(diǎn)，可以比較清晰的感悟作者的寫作態(tài)度和目的，而下文將對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明或進(jìn)行論證。明察作者的寫作思路和態(tài)度就能一連串的解決首段一系列的問(wèn)題，它們是相輔相成的?？枷蚶梦恼率锥蔚挠^點(diǎn)或看法解題例(2025·江西省九江市高三一模)Ifyouwanttostandout,10,000hoursoftrainingwilltakeyoumuchfurtherthanyournaturalabilities.Mozartisconsideredbymanyasthegreatestcomposerwhoeverlived.Traditionally,manypeople1outstandingachievementslikeMozart’sareduetotalent,oreveninborninspirationor2.Thisassumptionholdsespeciallytrueforchildprodigies(神童)likeMozartwhosemusictalent3theworldattheageofsix.Butlookingmore4atthisphenomenon,wefindthattheseindividualsactuallyhadtopracticecountlesshoursbeforeshowingtheir5remarkabletalent.Infact,scientistsindicatethataprodigy’strainingtypically6ataveryearlyage,withmassivetimeinvestedinpractice.1．A．a(chǎn)dmit B．a(chǎn)ssume C．realize D．hope2．A．motivation B．progress C．fate D．determination3．A．a(chǎn)mazed B．excited C．questioned D．scared4．A．slowly B．hurriedly C．widely D．closely5．A．old-fashioned B．so-called C．well-organized D．newly-discovered6．A．begins B．exists C．ends D．grows【變式訓(xùn)練·變載體】(2025·遼寧省鞍山市普通高中高三第二次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)節(jié)選)Reducingtheuseofplasticisabalancebetweenwhatyoucanaffordandwhatyoucanget.I’ve___41___alotfromaplastic-freelifestyle.Ithelpsme___42___mycarbonfootprintandsavemoney.41．A．heard B．benefited C．received D．suffered42．A．record B．rebuild C．reduce D．recall考點(diǎn)二注重文章尾段的結(jié)論解題知識(shí)點(diǎn)注重文章尾段的結(jié)論解題明文和議論文的尾段往往給我們傳遞非常重要的信息，常常是議論文得出的結(jié)論，而這個(gè)結(jié)論往往也是積極向上的，說(shuō)明文會(huì)在尾段進(jìn)一步總結(jié)，它們能反映作者的態(tài)度和情感。因此，利用好尾段信息對(duì)完形填空解題很有幫助?？枷蜃⒅匚恼挛捕蔚慕Y(jié)論解題例(2025·河南省洛陽(yáng)市高三開(kāi)學(xué)聯(lián)考)Thankfully,thegender13hasimprovedsinceIfirststarted.Now,Ihaveseveralfemaleengineersworkinginmyteam.Asthehead,Igetathrillfrom14peopleinrolesandonprojectsaccordingtotheirabilitiesandseeingthemachievegreatresults.Helpingaperson15byfocusingonherstrengthsgivesmeahugeamountofsatisfaction.13．A．characteristic B．role C．balance D．preference14．A．placing B．inspiring C．concerning D．updating15．A．explore B．develop C．compete D．qualify本文中的Helpingapersondevelopbyfocusingonherstrengthsgivesmeahugeamountofsatisfaction.就是文章的結(jié)論，文章的中心句?！咀兪接?xùn)練·變載體】(2024·安徽省皖豫聯(lián)盟畢業(yè)班第二次聯(lián)考節(jié)選)Thatmessage28toamannamedEvanWilliams.In2005hedevelopedanAPPcalledOdeo.Notmanypeopleusedit.Itwasabig29,butWilliamswasn’tupset.30,helearnedfromhismistakesandkeptworkinghard.Afewyearslater,hehelpedcreateoneofthebiggestsocialmediasitesever:Twitter.

28．A．related B．a(chǎn)pplied C．switched D．objected29．A．hit B．disappointment C．relief D．reminder30．A．Instead B．Moreover C．Meanwhile D．Therefore考點(diǎn)三利用段落主題句解題知識(shí)點(diǎn)利用段落主題句解題說(shuō)明文和議論文的語(yǔ)言組織結(jié)構(gòu)很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系緊湊，層次分明。因此，段落中的主題句總是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個(gè)段落，段中的所有的說(shuō)明和論述都會(huì)圍繞題展開(kāi)。所以，整段內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)要側(cè)重主題句的思想選擇，這樣成功率很高?？枷蚶枚温渲黝}句解題例（2023·江蘇省南京市第三中學(xué)模擬節(jié)選）Besomeoneelse.Lookatthesituationfroma_____53_____pointofview.Goodwritersusethistechnique.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe_____54_____intheirbooks.Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir_____55_____.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!53．A．personal B．global C．different D．positive54．A．features B．themes C．creatures D．characters55．A．locations B．positions C．images D．impressions【提醒】此處Besomeoneelse是主題句，后面的選項(xiàng)都統(tǒng)領(lǐng)在其語(yǔ)境的范圍內(nèi)，都側(cè)重主題句的方向選即可?！咀兪接?xùn)練】（河南省洛陽(yáng)市等三地名校高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)聯(lián)考）ThebiggestchallengeIhavefacedinmycareerisbeingawomaninamale-dominatedprofession.WhenIstartedworking,Iwastheonlyfemaleengineerinmydivision.ThoughIwasas10asmycolleagues,itwastoughtogetthemtoacceptmeastheir11.Insteadoffeelingupset,Ichosetofocusonmystrengthsasawomanengineertoearntheirrespect.12,theyacceptedme.10．A．stubborn B．humorous C．capable D．realistic11．A．equal B．opponent C．contemporary D．friend12．A．Occasionally B．Originally C．Frequently D．Eventually考點(diǎn)四利用說(shuō)明順序解題知識(shí)點(diǎn)利用說(shuō)明順序解題利用說(shuō)明順序（即邏輯順序、時(shí)間順序、空間順序等）解英語(yǔ)完形填空時(shí)，可以遵循以下系統(tǒng)方法：1.通讀全文，把握說(shuō)明結(jié)構(gòu)目的：快速理解文章主題和說(shuō)明邏輯（如因果、步驟、對(duì)比等）。技巧：重點(diǎn)讀首段、尾段及每段首句，標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵詞（如first,however,therefore等）。2.分析空格上下文邏輯時(shí)間順序：空格處可能需填時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（before,after,finally）或動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。例：若前文是"First,heatthewater"，后文可能是"Next,addthetealeaves."因果順序：空格可能是結(jié)果（thus,consequently）或原因（dueto,because）。對(duì)比/遞進(jìn)：注意however,similarly,moreover等邏輯詞。3.常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)總結(jié)說(shuō)明順序類型典型線索詞解題方向時(shí)間順序first,then,finally填時(shí)間副詞或動(dòng)作順序詞因果順序because,so,therefore填原因/結(jié)果相關(guān)詞對(duì)比順序but,however,whereas填反義詞或轉(zhuǎn)折詞舉例順序forexample,suchas填具體事例或概括詞考向利用說(shuō)明順序解題例1(2025·黑龍江省大慶外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))AfterstudyingarchitectureinChaux-de-Fonds,theyoungLeCorbusier4hishometown,travellingtoItalythenontoBudapestandVienna.He5cametoParisandsettledthereforyears.Later,helearnedGermaninorderto6ajobintheBerlinofficeofPeterBehrens,whoisoftenreferredtoasthefirsteverindustrialdesigner.4．A．left B．missed C．remember D．mentioned5．A．suddenly B．eventually C．secretly D．casually6．A．offer B．a(chǎn)rrange C．cancel D．land【變式訓(xùn)練】Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1_______tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive-ifheorsheis2_______healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3_______.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4______die.1.A.designedB.selectedC.improved D.discovered2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparently D.extremely3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlessly D.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately1.（2021年天津卷）Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot____16____whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his____17____tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy____18____.ForPruitt,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas____19____hisstolenbike.Butwhenhewentbikeshopping,hefoundfewavailable,whichgothimthinking:Whatifthe____20____ofbikeswasCovid-19related,andwhatifthepersonwho'dtakenhisbikereallyneeded____21____togettowork?Withthatthoughtinmind,Pruitt____22____aplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He____23____tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair-again____24____.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn'thavethe____25____tobuyone.Thedaythepostwentlive,Pruittreceivedthirty____26____bicycles.Thencamemorethan500____27____fordetailedinformation.Bytheendof2020,Pruitthadrepairedmorethan140fordonationortobe____28____totheirowners.Pruitttriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthatare____29____struggling.____30____simplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditionto____31____skills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.____32____,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment."It'sareallygreat____33____forkids,“saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper."Pruittiscertainlyprovidinga____34____,butit'snotjustthebikes.It'stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It'sthe____35____thathecanmakeonpeople."16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened17.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route18.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet19.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace20.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality21.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission22.A.cameupwith B.stuckto C.gaveup D.brokeawayfrom23.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered24.A.byaccident B.inadvance C.forfree D.oncredit25.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse26.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern27.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements28.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned29.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly30.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among31.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social32.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile33.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience34.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion35.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress2.（2015年安徽卷）Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The71isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof72becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe73athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto74anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.75modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland76.Anothercauseisour77ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As78people,wearealwayslookingfor79tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies80thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso81totheproblem.Weare82buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat83isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe84usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe85ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To86theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe87,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.88,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解決)ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions89throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout90.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw75．A．Thanksto B．Asto C．Exceptfor D．Regardlessof76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve81．A．a(chǎn)dapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes82．A．tiredof B．a(chǎn)ddictedto C．worriedabout D．a(chǎn)shamedfor83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger84．A．pickup B．payfor C．holdonto D．throwaway85．A．a(chǎn)dvantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile89．A．by B．infavourof C．a(chǎn)fter D．insteadof90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．a(chǎn)dvertising3.（2013年廣東卷）Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea21,innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.22,experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare,too.Forexample,manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnot23However,ifyouremovetwo,thebird24leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe25betweentwoandthree.Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's26numbersense.Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow(烏鴉)thathadanestinatower,butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot27untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan28.Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed,buttheydidnot29thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft,too.Theexperimentwas30withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere31.Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere32abletofoolthecrow.Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?It'snotverygood.Forexample,babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma33group.Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour,thechildrenare34fooled.Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld,andthatourhuman35isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's.21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval26．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．a(chǎn)nnoying C．satisfying D．disturbing27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return28．A．a(chǎn)ppointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．a(chǎn)pproved31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally33．A．single B．small C．local D．new34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often35．A．sight B．nature C．a(chǎn)bility D．belief4.（2010年安徽卷）Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery36thingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon37,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied38theybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyou’llenjoyisnot39ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.

Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe40touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic(特征)41comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaycomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea42handandthickerfingersyoumay43afatterpen.Thelengthofapencan44influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo45caneasilyfeeltopheavyandunstable.

Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould46theinktoflowevenly(均勻的)whilethatpenremainsintouchwiththepaper.47willmakeitpossiblyforyoutocreatea48lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto49inkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesnotblockthe50mayleavedropsofink,51youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Finelinepensmay53badhandwriting,butfine,delicatelinesdonotcommand54nexttoprintedtext,as,55,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority(權(quán)威)。36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．a(chǎn)dvantages38．A．once B．if C．because D．though39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand44．A．hardly B．a(chǎn)lso C．never D．still45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft46．A．change B．a(chǎn)llow C．reduce D．press47．A．they B．one C．this D．some48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream51．A．so B．a(chǎn)s C．a(chǎn)nd D．yet52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally53．A．showup B．differfrom C．breakdown D．compensatefor54．A．a(chǎn)ttention B．support C．respect D．a(chǎn)dmission55．A．a(chǎn)tmost B．forexample C．inbrief D．onpurpose5.（2009年江蘇卷）Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,allstudentsmust1sixtyhoursofservicelearning,2theywillnotreceiveadiploma.Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.3ofservicelearningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.4aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournalandthenwritea5aboutwhattheyhavelearned.Supportersclaimthattherearemany6ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,studentsareforc