2025年英語專業(yè)四級閱讀理解全真模擬試卷考前沖刺必做考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheconceptof"mentalmodels"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,particularlyinfieldsrequiringcomplexproblem-solvingandstrategicthinking.Amentalmodel,inessence,isaninternalrepresentationofhowsomethingworksintheworld.Ithelpsindividualsunderstandsituations,makepredictions,anddecideonactions.However,thepowerandperilofthesecognitiveframeworkscannotbeoverstated.Justasaphysicalmodelcanbeinaccurateorincomplete,sotoocanmentalmodelsmisleadifnotconstantlyevaluatedandrefined.Onemajorbenefitofwell-developedmentalmodelsisenhanceddecision-making.Whenfacedwithanewproblemorsituation,individualswithrelevantmentalmodelscandrawuponexistingknowledgeandframeworkstoanalyzethesituationmoreeffectively.Forinstance,abusinessleaderversedineconomicprinciplesmightbetternavigatemarketfluctuationsthanonewhoreliessolelyonintuition.Thesemodelsprovidealensthroughwhichtoviewcomplexissues,breakingthemdownintomoremanageablecomponents.Conversely,thelimitationsofmentalmodelscanleadtosignificanterrorsinjudgment.Thisphenomenonisoftenreferredtoas"confirmationbias,"whereindividualsactivelyseekoutinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefsandignoreevidencetothecontrary.Aclassicexampleisthe"Dunning-Krugereffect,"whichsuggeststhatpeoplewithlowabilityinaspecifictasktendtooverestimatetheirability,partlybecausetheylackthementalmodeltorecognizetheirownlimitations.Therefore,beingawareofone'sownmentalmodelsandtheirpotentialpitfallsiscrucial.Developingrobustmentalmodelsrequiresacommitmenttolifelonglearningandcriticalthinking.Itinvolvesactivelyseekingoutdiverseperspectives,challengingone'sownassumptions,andintegratingnewinformationintoexistingframeworks.Thisprocessisnotalwayseasy;itoftenrequiresconfrontinguncomfortabletruthsandrevisinglong-heldbeliefs.Yet,theeffortiswellworthit.Bycultivatingaricharrayofmentalmodels,individualscanbecomemoreadaptable,innovative,andeffectiveinnavigatingthecomplexitiesofthemodernworld.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,howdomentalmodelscontributetodecision-making?3.Theword"peril"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthe"Dunning-Krugereffect"asmentionedinthepassage?5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryfordevelopingrobustmentalmodels?PassageTwoTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateaboutitsfutureimpactontheglobalworkforce.Whilesomeenvisionafutureofenhancedproductivityandnewjobcreation,othersworryaboutwidespreadunemploymentandincreasedinequality.UnderstandingthesedivergentperspectivesiscrucialaswenavigatetheintegrationofAIintovarioussectorsoftheeconomy.ProponentsofAIarguethatitsadoptionwillultimatelyleadtomorejobsthanitdisplaces.Theypointtohistoricalexampleswheretechnologicalrevolutions,suchastheIndustrialRevolution,initiallydisruptedlabormarketsbutultimatelycreatednewopportunitiesinunforeseenareas.AI,theyargue,willsimilarlytransformexistingindustriesandgiverisetoentirelynewones,requiringskillsthatdonotyetexist.Additionally,AIcanautomatemundaneanddangeroustasks,allowinghumanstofocusonmorecreativeandfulfillingwork.Critics,however,raisevalidconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofAI-drivenautomation.Theyarguethatcertainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinemanualorcognitivetasks,arehighlysusceptibletoautomation,potentiallyleadingtosignificantjoblossesinspecificsectors.Furthermore,thebenefitsofAImaynotbeevenlydistributed,potentiallywideningthegapbetweenhigh-skilledworkersandlow-skilledworkers.TherearealsoethicalconcernsabouttheuseofAIindecision-makingprocesses,particularlythosewithsignificanthumanimpact,suchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.Ultimately,thefutureimpactofAIontheworkforcewilldependonavarietyoffactors,includingthepaceoftechnologicaladvancement,theadaptabilityoftheworkforce,andthepoliciesimplementedbygovernmentsandbusinesses.ItisessentialthatweproactivelyaddressthepotentialchallengesandworktowardsensuringthatthebenefitsofAIaresharedequitably.Thismayinvolveinvestingineducationandtrainingprograms,implementingpoliciestosupportdisplacedworkers,andfosteringacultureoflifelonglearning.Questions:6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAIadoption?8.Theword"susceptible"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:9.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisonewaytoaddressthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofAI?10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizestheauthor'sviewonthefutureofAI?PassageThreeTheimportanceofenvironmentalconservationhasneverbeenmoreapparentthanitistoday.Climatechange,biodiversityloss,andpollutionareposingincreasinglyseverethreatstotheplanetanditsinhabitants.Whileindividualactionscancontributetothesolution,systemicchangesarenecessarytoaddresstheseglobalchallengeseffectively.Oneofthemostsignificantenvironmentalthreatsisclimatechange,drivenprimarilybyhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefar-reachingandincluderisingsealevels,morefrequentandintensenaturaldisasters,anddisruptionstoecosystems.Thesechangesnotonlythreatenhumanlivelihoodsbutalsohavedevastatingeffectsonwildlifeandplantspecies.Biodiversitylossisanothercriticalissue.Theextinctionofspeciesreducesgeneticdiversity,whichisessentialfortheresilienceofecosystems.Whenspeciesarelost,ecosystemsbecomemorevulnerabletodisturbancesandlessabletoprovideessentialservices,suchaspollinationandwaterpurification.Humanactivities,includinghabitatdestruction,pollution,andoverexploitationofresources,aretheprimarydriversofbiodiversityloss.Pollution,inallitsforms,isapervasiveproblemthataffectsair,water,andsoil.Plasticpollution,forexample,hasreachedcrisislevelsinmanypartsoftheworld,harmingmarinelifeandecosystems.Airpollution,primarilycausedbyvehicleemissionsandindustrialprocesses,contributestorespiratorydiseasesandotherhealthproblemsinhumans.Addressingpollutionrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingreducingwaste,developingsustainablepractices,andenforcingstricterenvironmentalregulations.Whilethechallengesaresignificant,thereisreasonforhope.Technologicalinnovation,policychanges,andincreasedpublicawarenessareallcontributingtoagrowingmovementforenvironmentalprotection.Byworkingtogetheratindividual,community,andgloballevels,wecancreateamoresustainablefutureforourselvesandfuturegenerations.Questions:11.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomemajorconsequencesofclimatechange?13.Theword"pervasive"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:14.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasasolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution?15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisessentialforcreatingamoresustainablefuture?PassageFourThedigitalrevolutionhastransformednearlyeveryaspectofmodernlife,fromcommunicationandentertainmenttoworkandeducation.Theinternet,smartphones,andsocialmediahavecreatedunprecedentedopportunitiesforconnection,informationsharing,andeconomicactivity.However,thisdigitaltransformationhasalsobroughtaboutnewchallengesandinequalitiesthatmustbeaddressed.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalrevolutionhasbeenoncommunication.Theinternetandsocialmediahavemadeitpossibletoconnectwithpeoplearoundtheworldinstantlyandeasily.Thishasfosteredglobalcommunitiesandenabledtherapidspreadofinformationandideas.However,ithasalsoledtotheriseofmisinformationandthespreadoffakenews,whichcanhaveseriousconsequences.Thedigitalrevolutionhasalsotransformedtheworkplace.Remotework,enabledbydigitaltechnologies,hasbecomeincreasinglycommon,offeringgreaterflexibilityforemployees.However,ithasalsoexacerbatedthedigitaldivide,leavingthosewithoutaccesstothesetechnologiesatadisadvantage.Additionally,theautomationofjobsthroughAIandothertechnologieshasraisedconcernsaboutjobsecurityandtheneedforworkerstoadapttonewroles.Ineducation,thedigitalrevolutionhasthepotentialtoprovideaccesstohigh-qualitylearningresourcesforpeoplearoundtheworld.Onlinecoursesanddigitallearningplatformshavemadeitpossibleforindividualstolearnnewskillsandearndegreesremotely.However,theeffectivenessoftheseapproachesdependsonaccesstotechnologyandthequalityoftheonlinecontent.Aswecontinuetonavigatethedigitalrevolution,itisessentialthatweworktoaddressthechallengesandinequalitiesithascreated.Thisincludesensuringaccesstodigitaltechnologiesforall,promotingdigitalliteracy,anddevelopingethicalframeworksfortheuseofthesetechnologies.Bydoingso,wecanharnessthepowerofthedigitalrevolutiontocreateamoreequitableandprosperousfutureforall.Questions:16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,howhasthedigitalrevolutionimpactedcommunication?18.Theword"exacerbated"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:19.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasapotentialbenefitofdigitallearningplatforms?20.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryforensuringapositiveimpactofthedigitalrevolution?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.D2.C3.B4.A5.DPassageTwo6.C7.B8.D9.A10.EPassageThree11.A12.B13.C14.D15.FPassageFour16.E17.A18.B19.C20.D---解析思路PassageOne1.D解析思路：文章首段提出“mentalmodels”的概念并指出其重要性及潛在風險，第二段闡述其益處，第三段討論其弊端，第四段提出發(fā)展強大心智模型的方法。因此，文章主要目的是探討心智模型的重要性、益處、弊端以及發(fā)展方法。2.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“amentalmodel,...helpsindividualsunderstandsituations,makepredictions,anddecideonactions”可知，心智模型通過幫助人們理解情況、做出預測和決定行動，從而促進決策。3.B解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“However,thepowerandperilofthesecognitiveframeworkscannotbeoverstated”以及上下文，peril在此處指心智模型的潛在危險或負面影響。4.A解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“abusinessleaderversedineconomicprinciplesmightbetternavigatemarketfluctuationsthanonewhoreliessolelyonintuition”以及“partlybecausetheylackthementalmodeltorecognizetheirownlimitations”可知，Dunning-Kruger效應指能力低的人高估自己能力，因為他們?nèi)狈φJ識自身局限性的心智模型。5.D解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Developingrobustmentalmodelsrequiresacommitmenttolifelonglearningandcriticalthinking.Itinvolvesactivelyseekingoutdiverseperspectives,challengingone'sownassumptions,andintegratingnewinformationintoexistingframeworks”可知，發(fā)展強大的心智模型需要終身學習和批判性思維，并積極尋求不同視角，挑戰(zhàn)自身假設，將新信息整合到現(xiàn)有框架中。PassageTwo6.C解析思路：文章主要討論了人工智能對未來全球勞動力市場的影響，包括支持者和批評者的不同觀點，因此C選項“人工智能對全球勞動力市場的影響”最符合文章主旨。7.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“ProponentsofAIarguethatitsadoptionwillultimatelyleadtomorejobsthanitdisplaces...giverisetoentirelynewones...allowinghumanstofocusonmorecreativeandfulfillingwork”可知，支持者認為人工智能的采用將創(chuàng)造比取代更多的就業(yè)機會，并催生全新的行業(yè)。8.D解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“certainjobs,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinemanualorcognitivetasks,arehighlysusceptibletoautomation,potentiallyleadingtosignificantjoblossesinspecificsectors”可知，susceptible在此處指容易受到自動化影響的。9.A解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Ultimately,thefutureimpactofAIontheworkforcewilldependon...policiesimplementedbygovernmentsandbusinesses.ItisessentialthatweproactivelyaddressthepotentialchallengesandworktowardsensuringthatthebenefitsofAIaresharedequitably.Thismayinvolveinvestingineducationandtrainingprograms,implementingpoliciestosupportdisplacedworkers”可知，政府和企業(yè)可以通過實施政策來支持失業(yè)工人。10.E解析思路：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者認為人工智能對未來勞動力市場的影響取決于多種因素，需要積極應對挑戰(zhàn)，確保人工智能的益處得到公平分享。因此，E選項“人工智能的影響取決于多種因素，需要積極應對挑戰(zhàn)”最符合作者觀點。PassageThree11.A解析思路：文章主要討論了環(huán)境保護的重要性以及氣候change、biodiversityloss和pollution等環(huán)境問題，因此A選項“環(huán)境保護”最符合文章主旨。12.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Climatechange,drivenprimarilybyhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefar-reachingandincluderisingsealevels,morefrequentandintensenaturaldisasters,anddisruptionstoecosystems”可知，氣候變化的一些主要后果包括海平面上升、更頻繁和強烈的天災以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭受破壞。13.C解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Pollution,inallitsforms,isapervasiveproblemthataffectsair,water,