【英語(yǔ)】高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(時(shí)文廣告)技巧和方法完整版及練習(xí)題及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解時(shí)文廣告類1．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（1）Accordingtothepassage,itisgoodhabitto______whenyouarewritingyouremail.A.

includeallofyoursocialnetworklinksB.

sendyouremailstoallofyourcoworkersC.

usedifferentfontsizetomakethemassagevividD.

keepthesubjectlinebrief（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith?A.

ThesubjectlineisfilledwithHeyinsteadofbeingleftblank.B.

Usingcapitalsisacceptablewhenofferingcongratulations.C.

Youaresupposedtoreplytoonlyonepersonatatime.D.

Socialnetworklinksshouldbeincludedinyoursignature.（3）Inwhichofthefollowingsentencesdoesthephrase"crywolf"iscorrectlyused?A.

Economistsarejustcryingwolfwhileactuallytheeconomicfutureisnotsobad.B.

Thegovernmentisalwayscryingwolfandhasneverkeptthepromisetoreducetaxes.C.

Hecriedwolfwhenhereceivedalettersayingthathisapplicationhadbeenrejected.D.

Hejustcriedwolfincomfortingherwhenhedidn'tknowwhathadreallyhappened.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了寫電子郵件時(shí)應(yīng)該避免的一些習(xí)慣。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)左側(cè)第一欄中的"makesurethehintisclearandconcise"可知，要確保主題簡(jiǎn)潔清晰，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)右側(cè)最后一欄中的"Youloveallcaps!!!That'snice,exceptyou'reeffectivelyscreamingfromthescreen.IfyouwanttosayCONGRATS,that'sonething,"可知，你喜歡用大寫字母！這很好，除了你在屏幕上尖叫時(shí)，但如果你想說(shuō)"恭喜"，那是一回事，也就是說(shuō)祝賀別人時(shí)可以使用大寫字母，由此可知，在作者會(huì)同意在表示祝賀時(shí)可以使用大寫字母，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)右側(cè)第二欄中的"inemailspeak,that'smarkingyourmessage"urgent",whenreally,it'snotsomuch"可知，在郵件用語(yǔ)中，"狼來(lái)了"表示"郵件十分緊急，但實(shí)際上并沒有那么急"，故A：Economistsarejustcryingwolfwhileactuallytheeconomicfutureisnotsobad.“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們只是在喊"狼來(lái)了"，而實(shí)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)前景并沒有那么糟糕”中的crywolf使用正確。選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

"MuseumoftheWorld"TravelPlan

Here'sthetravelplanforsomeofthemoreunusualmuseumsonour"MuseumoftheWorld"tour.I'llsendyouthefullitinerary(行程)nextweek.TheMuseumofBadArt(MOBA)(BostonUSA)showswhatitdescribesas"arttoobadtobeignored".Themuseumhopestobringtheworstofarttothewidestpossibleaudience.Aspartofthevisit,we'llbeshownsometrulyawfulportraits,landscapesandsculptures.

TheDevil'sRopeMuseum(inMclean,Texas)andTheKansasBarbedWireMuseum(inLacrosse,Kansas)bothclaimtohavethebestbarbed(有刺的)wirecollections,tellingthestoryofthewire'sroleinthedevelopmentofAmerica.We'llbevisitingbothofthese.

TheWashingtonBananaMuseum(Auburn,Washington,USA)contains4,000objectsrelatedtothehistoryofwhatthemuseumdescribesas"theworld'smostperfectfruit."Duringaguidedtouraroundthemuseum,we'lllearnallsortsofinterestingthings,suchasthefactthatbananaswereintroducedtotheUSAin1878inthesameexhibitionasAlexanderGrahamBell'stelephone,andthatbananaisnowtheUS'snumber-onesellingfruit.

TheHairMuseum(Avanos,Turkey)islocatedinacaveinCappadocia,inCentralAnatolia.Itcontains16,000samplesofpeople'shair.You'llbeofferedachancetoaddyourownhairtothecollection.Laterintheyear,themuseummanagerselects10donorstoattendapotteryworkshop.

TheHairMuseum(Avanos,Turkey)islocatedinacaveinCappadocia,inCentralAnatolia.Itcontains16,000samplesofpeople'shair.You'llbeofferedachancetoaddyourownhairtothecollection.Laterintheyear,themuseumcuratorselects10donorstoattendapotteryworkshop.Ifyou'reoneofthem,you'llbeinvitedtostayinhisguesthouse.（1）WhatdothesefourMuseumshaveincommon?A.TheyarealllocatedintheUSAB.Theyacceptexhibitsdonatedbyvisitors.C.Theyexhibitthethingswithalonghistory.D.Theyshowsomeoddthingsaroundtheworld.（2）WhatdoesTheMuseumofBadArt(MOBA)show?A.Completecollectionsofbarbedwire.B.Alargenumberofsamplesofpeople'shair.C.Somereallyterriblebutnoticeableartworks.D.Somebeautifulportraitsdrawnbyfamouspeople.（3）WhywasAlexanderGrahamBell'stelephonementionedinparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheoriginofbananas.B.Toarousevisitors'interestinthemuseum.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceoftheexhibition.D.Tocomparethevalueofbananasandtelephones.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了以世界各地的著名博物館為看點(diǎn)的旅行路線，以及各博物館的特色。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。TheMuseumofBadArt提到該博物館展出的是“awfulportraits,landscapesandsculptures.”可怕的肖像、景觀和雕塑。TheWashingtonBananaMuseum展出的是最完美的水果，TheDevil'sRopeMuseum展示的是繩索，TheHairMuseum展示是人的頭發(fā)，由此可判斷四家博物館展示的收藏品都很奇怪，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

第一段中的“TheMuseumofBadArt(MOBA)(Boston,USA)showswhatitdescribesas‘a(chǎn)rttoobadtobeignored’.”壞藝術(shù)博物館中展示的藏品都太可怕了，讓人難以忽視；以及“we'llbeshownsometrulyawfulportraits,landscapesandsculptures.”，在這個(gè)博物館中會(huì)看到真正可怕的肖像、景觀和雕像。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“thefactthatbananaswereintroducedtotheUSAin1878inthesameexhibitionasAlexanderGrahamBell'stelephone”，香蕉與1878年引入美國(guó)，與貝爾的電話在同一展覽中，貝爾的電話是非常著名的發(fā)明，將香蕉與電話一起提到可以說(shuō)明香蕉的重要性和其歷史，從而引起游客的興趣，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解HarvardPre-CollegeProgramSESSIONI:SESSIONII:SESSIONIII:June23—July5,2019July7—July19,2019July21—August2,2019

Oursummerprogramforhighschoolstudentsisdesignedtopavethewayforasuccessfulcollegeexperience.

HEREYOUCAN:

Learnwithoutlimits

Pursueyourinterestsincoursesfocusingonphysics,law,writing,philosophy,andadozenothersubjects.

LiveatHarvard

YouwillliveinahistoricundergraduatehousenearHarvardSquare.

Yourplancoversthreemealsaday,sevendaysaweek.

Havefunoutsidetheclassroom

YoumightenjoyaCirqueduSileilperformance,aRedSoxgameatFenwayPark,oratriptotheMuseumofScience.

ELIGIBILITY(申請(qǐng)資格)

Studentsareacademicallymotivatedandwillgraduatein2020or2021.

TOAPPLY

Completeanonlineapplicationandprovidethefollowingmaterials:the$50nonrefundableapplicationfee;transcripts(成績(jī)單)withfall2018grades;signedrulesandregulations.

INTERNATIONALSTUDENTS

ParticipantsshouldapplyfortheB-2touristvisa.IfEnglishisnotyournativelanguage,submitscoresfromtheTOEFLorIELTSlanguageproficiencyexam.

APPLICATIONTIPS

Nofeeisrequiredtostartyourapplication.Youwillbeaskedtopaytheapplicationfeeonlyuponsubmittingtheapplication.

Thescoresofsuccessfulapplicantsaretypicallyabove103ontheTOEFLwith25onthewrittensectionoratleast7.5ontheIELTSwith7onthewrittensection.

Useadesktoporlaptop.Youwillbeaskedtowriteshortessaysaspartofyourapplication.Thismaybechallengingtodoonamobilephone.

Youwillreceiveanemailinformingyouoftheapplicationstatusapproximatelythreeweeksafteryouhavecompletedyourapplication.（1）Harvardorganizessuchaprogramto______.A.

reducestudents'academicpressureB.

selectgoodstudentstojoininHarvardC.

makestudentsobtainhighgradesintheirstudyD.

helpstudentspreparefortheirfuturecollegelife（2）Whatcanwelearnabouttheprogram?A.

Studentsareofferedthreemealsexceptweekends.B.

Itmerelyhastwosessionsduringonesummer.C.

Itprovidescoursesonvarioussubjectsforstudents.D.

StudentscanliveinahotelnearHarvard.（3）Ifyouareanativestudentwhowantstoapplyfortheprogram,youneedtoprovide______.A.

aB-2touristvisa

B.

transcriptswithyourfall2018gradesC.

scoresfromtheTOEFLexam

D.

arecommendationletterfromyourhighschoolteacher（4）Theapplicantscanlearnfromtheapplicationtipsthat______.A.

theirTOEFLorIELTSscoresshouldmeettherequirementsB.

theapplicationfeeshouldbepaidbeforetheystartapplyingC.

itisconvenienttouseanyelectronicproductstoapplyD.

theycanchecktheapplicationstatusinaweek【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了哈佛大學(xué)幫助學(xué)生為大學(xué)生活做準(zhǔn)備而開設(shè)的一個(gè)暑期項(xiàng)目的情況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段”O(jiān)ursummerprogramforhighschoolstudentsisdesignedtopavethewayforasuccessfulcollegeexperience.“我們的高中生暑期項(xiàng)目是為成功的大學(xué)生活鋪平道路的。）可知哈佛大學(xué)組織了這樣一個(gè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)幫助學(xué)生為他們未來(lái)的大學(xué)生活做準(zhǔn)備。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Learnwithoutlimits部分中的”Pursueyourinterestsincoursesfocusingonphysics,law,writing,philosophy,andadozenothersubjects.“在物理、法律、寫作、哲學(xué)和其他十幾個(gè)學(xué)科上追求你的興趣?？芍?xiàng)目為學(xué)生提供不同學(xué)科的課程。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TOAPPLY部分中的”Completeanonlineapplicationandprovidethefollowingmaterials:the$50nonrefundableapplicationfee;transcripts(成績(jī)單)withfall2018grades;signedrulesandregulations.“完成網(wǎng)上申請(qǐng)，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退還的申請(qǐng)費(fèi);2018年秋季成績(jī)單;簽署規(guī)章制度?？芍绻闶潜镜貙W(xué)生，想要申請(qǐng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成績(jī)單。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)APPLICATIONTIPS部分中”*Thescoresofsuccessfulapplicantsaretypicallyabove103ontheTOEFLwith25onthewrittensectionoratleast7.5ontheIELTSwith7onthewrittensection.“成功申請(qǐng)者的托福成績(jī)一般在103分以上，寫作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，寫作部分7分。可知申請(qǐng)者可以從APPLICATIONTIPS中了解到他們的托?；蜓潘汲煽?jī)應(yīng)該達(dá)到的分?jǐn)?shù)要求。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Bullgatortail10minutesago

IparticularlyenjoytheworksofGreenwichVillagepoetEdwardField,whoseinterestincinemaledtoanumberofpoemsbasedonoldmonstermovies(includingmanyaboutFrankensteinandmyfavorite,CurseoftheCatWoman).

Litteacher829minutesago

Therearesomanytochoosefrom!IloveRobertFrost,especially"MendingWall",mostlybecauseheismydad'sfavoritepoet.However,personallyIloveLnagstonHughes'spoem"Dreams"becauseitalwaysbringshappinesstome.Iamalsoabigfanoftheolderpoems,suchasSpenser's"OneDayIWroteHerNameUpontheStrand"becauseitissosimple,and"TheTyger"and"TheLamb"byWilliamBlakebecauseIlovethelanguage.

MichaelUgulini51minutesago

MyfavoritepoetisSujiKwockKim.EversinceIreadherbookofpoetry"NotesfromtheDividedCountry",Ihavebeenabigfanofherclearandthoughtfulwriting.Myfavoritepoemofhersis"Borderlands",whichshewroteinmemoryofhergrandmother.Itisapoemabouthergrandmother'sexperiencesduringthewar.

Loraaa1hourago

Hardtodecide!ButifIhaveto,I'dsayEmilyDickinson.Herlifewassowonderfulandheropinionsaboutlifearealsointeresting.Herunderstandingofnaturespeakstotheheartofanyonewholovestheoutdoors!Dickinsonalsounderstoodhumannatureverywell.Herpoemsspeakoflove,loneliness,ect.Finally,myfavoritepoembyheris"INeverSawaMoor".Iloveherthoughts!（1）WhydoesLitteacher8likethepoem"Dreams"?A.Italwayscheershimup.B.Heisabigfanofitsauthor.C.Itishisfather'sfavoritepoem.D.Helovesthelanguageofit.（2）WhosefavouritepoetisEmilyDickinson?A.Loraaa's.B.Litteacher8's.C.Bullgatortail's.D.MichaelUgulini's.（3）Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Anoticeboard.C.Awebpage.D.Abookreview.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，四個(gè)網(wǎng)上用戶分別說(shuō)明了自己最喜歡的詩(shī)人是誰(shuí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Litteacher829minutesago部分中的“However,personallyIloveLnagstonHughes'spoem‘Dreams’becauseitalwaysbringshappinesstome.”然而，我個(gè)人喜歡LnagstonHughes的詩(shī)“夢(mèng)想”，因?yàn)樗偸墙o我?guī)?lái)快樂，可知Litteacher8喜歡《夢(mèng)》這首詩(shī)，因?yàn)樗偸悄苁顾鞓菲饋?lái)。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Loraaa1hourago部分中的“ButifIhaveto,I'dsayEmilyDickinson.”但如果我必須說(shuō)，我會(huì)說(shuō)EmilyDickinson，可知Loraaa最喜歡的詩(shī)人是EmilyDickinson。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)每段之前人的名稱Bullgatortail、Litteacher8、MichaelUgulini以及Loraaa均為昵稱，以及后文的時(shí)間分別是10分鐘以前、29分鐘以前、51分鐘以前以及一個(gè)小時(shí)以前，時(shí)間具有即時(shí)性，可推知這篇文章摘自一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional,"paid"media,suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements,stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing'simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia--forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandreavelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alongmediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompaniesmarketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandFacebook.（1）Consumersmaycreate"earned"mediawhentheyare________.A.

obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsitesB.

inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsenttothemC.

eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproductsD.

enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.（2）TheauthorindicatesinPara.3thatearnedmedia________.A.

inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumersB.

canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketingC.

mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetitionD.

deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem（3）ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof________.A.

respondingeffectivelytohijackedmediaB.

persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproductC.

cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumersD.

takingadvantageofhijackedmedia【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了有關(guān)earnedmedia(口碑媒體)、HijackedMedia（劫持媒體）、paidmedia（自有媒體）的概念和特點(diǎn)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends”可知，對(duì)產(chǎn)品充滿熱情的消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)通過主動(dòng)向朋友推銷產(chǎn)品來(lái)創(chuàng)造“口碑”媒體。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，劇烈的技術(shù)變革為營(yíng)銷人員提供了越來(lái)越多的交流選擇，但同時(shí)也增加了這樣一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即熱情的消費(fèi)者會(huì)以更快、更明顯、更具破壞性的方式表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。這種被劫持的媒體是口碑媒體的對(duì)立面：一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)或活動(dòng)成為消費(fèi)者、其他利益相關(guān)者或?qū)δ硞€(gè)品牌或產(chǎn)品提出負(fù)面指控的活動(dòng)人士的人質(zhì)。例如，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員正在明白他們可以劫持媒體，對(duì)最初創(chuàng)建它們的企業(yè)施加壓力。由此可知，當(dāng)口碑媒體被某些人所劫持，轉(zhuǎn)化為劫持媒體的時(shí)候，就會(huì)影響企業(yè)，從而對(duì)企業(yè)營(yíng)銷產(chǎn)生不利的影響。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段對(duì)于“劫持媒體”的介紹和最后一段中的“Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.”可知，如果發(fā)生（劫持媒體）這種情況，熱情的消費(fèi)者會(huì)試圖說(shuō)服他人抵制產(chǎn)品，從而使目標(biāo)公司的聲譽(yù)面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在這種情況下，公司的反應(yīng)可能不夠迅速或周到，那么公司就會(huì)變得很困難。而下文以ToyotaMotor（該公司在今年早些時(shí)候的召回危機(jī)中采取了相對(duì)迅速和精心策劃的社交媒體應(yīng)對(duì)行動(dòng)，包括在Twitter和Facebook等網(wǎng)站上直接與消費(fèi)者互動(dòng)，從而減輕了部分損失）為例，則展示了當(dāng)發(fā)生“劫持媒體”這種情況時(shí)，如果應(yīng)對(duì)迅速得當(dāng)，那么就可以減輕損失。因此，ToyotaMotor是一個(gè)有效應(yīng)對(duì)被綁架媒體的例子。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Withalltherecentconcernabouttheenvironment,peoplewanttoseetheirmoneyusedtobettertheplanet.Herearefourwell-knownenvironmentalorganizations.

WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)

TheWorldWildlifeFundisperhapsoneofthebest-knownorganizationsfortheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitatsaroundtheworld.They'vebeenaroundforover45years.Youcandonatethroughtheirwebsite,jointheirorganizationasamember,oradoptananimalthroughtheironlineadoptioncenter.

NationalGeographicSociety(NGS)

NationalGeographicSocietyiswell-knownfortheirmagazineandtheirspecialsonTV.Theorganizationitselfisoneofthelongest-runningintheworld—they'vebeenaroundsince1888,focusonexplorationandconservationofforests,oceans,habitats,speciesandsocieties.Youchopsetodonatethroughthewebsite，buysomethingattheironlinestore,ororderamagazinesubscription.

NationalWildlifeFederation(NWF)

Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFederationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—-themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.DonationstotheNWFcanbemadethroughtheirwebsitenwf.orgorthroughotheroptions,likematchinggifts,workplacegiving,ormemorialdonations.

EcologyFund,com

Setupin1976，EcologyFund,comisrunonuserclicks.Advertisersbuyadspaceonthesiteeverytimesomeoneclicks.Themoneygoestobuyendangeredwildernesslandtoprotectitfromcompaniesthatwoulddestroyit.Sofar,EcologyFund,comhasboughtlandinmanyareas.Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.（1）Whichenvironmentalorganizationhasthelongesthistory?A.

EcologyF.

B.

WorldWildlifeFund.C.

NationalGeographicSociety.

D.

NationalWildlifeFederation.（2）WhatdoesNWFthinkisthemostimportantinenvironmentalprotection?A.

Knowledge.

B.

Management.

C.

Money.

D.

Patience.（3）InwhatwaydoesEcologyFdifferfromtheotherthreeorganizations?A.

Thesizeofnetworks.

B.

Thewayofoperation.C.

Thestrengthofinfluence.

D.

Thedegreeofpopularity.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四個(gè)著名的環(huán)保組織。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解?？v觀全文可知，WWF有45年以上的歷史；NGS從1888年就開始存在，迄今已有超過100年的歷史；NWF成立于1937年；EcologyF成立于1976年，因此NGS時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

NationalWildlifeFederation(NWF)部分中的“Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—-themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.”可知，NWF認(rèn)為，讓公眾受教育是幫助環(huán)境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保護(hù)我們所生活的這個(gè)世界?？芍?，NWF認(rèn)為知識(shí)在環(huán)保中是最重要的。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)

EcologyFund,com部分中的“Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.”可知，EcologyF是靠用戶的點(diǎn)擊率獲得廣告收入的方式運(yùn)營(yíng)的，用戶無(wú)需捐錢，他們只需要點(diǎn)擊即可，而其它三個(gè)環(huán)保組織都接受包括捐款在內(nèi)的多種方式的支持?？芍珽cologyF與其它3個(gè)環(huán)保組織的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式不同。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

AstudybasedondatagatheredbyaNASAsensorhasrevealedChinaandIndia,theworld'stwomostpopulouscountries,areprimarilyresponsibleformakingtheEarthgreeneroverthepasttwodecades.

Thestudy,publishedonFeb11inthejournalNaturalSustainability,hasfoundthatsince2000theEarth'sgreenleafareahasincreasedbyover5millionsquarekilometers.That'sanareaequivalenttothetotaloftheAmazonrainforests."ChinaandIndiaaccountforone-thirdofthegreening,consideringthegeneralideaoflanddegradation(退化)inpopulouscountriesfromoverexploitation,"saidChenChifromBostonUniversity,leadauthorofthestudy.

Theeffectmainlycomesfromambitioustree-plantingprogramsinChinaandintensiveagricultureinbothcountries,NASAsaidinastatement.Chinaisthesourceofaquarteroftheplanet'sincreaseinforestarea,despitehavingonly6.6percentoftheworld'svegetated(固定植被的)area,accordingtothestudy.Forestconservationandexpansionprogramsaccountfor42percentoftheincrease,andanother32percentcomefromintensiveagricultureoffoodcrops,NASAsaid.Whileraisingtheirgreenleafareas,ChinaandIndiahavealsogreatlyincreasedtheirfoodproductionthrough"multiplecropping"practices,whereafieldisreplantedandcropsareharvestedseveraltimeeachyear."Productionofgrains,vegetable,fruitsandmorehaveincreasedbyabout35to40percentsince2000tofeedtheirlargepopulation,"NASAsaid.

Overthepastdecades,Chinahasmadegreateffortstogreentheland.In1978,thecentralgovernmentlaunchedanational-levelforestationproject-theThreeNorthShelterbeltForestProgram.Bytheendof2017,theforestcoveragerateamongtheregionsintheprojectreached13.57percent,comparedto5.05percent40yearsago.Inagreeningproject,KubuqiDesert,seventhlargestinthecountry,hasseenone-thirdofitsareacoveredbyvegetationduringthepastthreedecadesthankstoforestationefforts.（1）WhathaveChinaandIndiacontributedtoaccordingtoNASA?A.

Landgreening.

B.

Landdegradation.C.

Populationexplosion.

D.

Forestconservation.（2）Whatcanwelearnabout"multiplecropping"practices?A.

Theyturnouttobeineffective.

B.

Theyimprovethefoodoutput.C.

Theyraisethevegetatedarea.

D.

Theyallowplanningonceannually.（3）Whatwastheforestcoverageratein1977?A.

5.05%.

B.

6.6%.

C.

13.57%.

D.

32%.（4）Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.

Byspace.

B.

Bylistingfacts.

C.

Bycomparison.

D.

Bymakingdefinition.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道,介紹了美國(guó)航天局的一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，中國(guó)和印度是全球綠化努力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"ChinaandIndia,theworld'stwomostpopulouscountries,areprimarilyresponsibleformakingtheEarthgreener"可知,美國(guó)宇航局的研究顯示中國(guó)和印度使地球變得更綠,也就是說(shuō)中國(guó)和印度的主要貢獻(xiàn)在于土地綠化,故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"ChinaandIndiahavealsogreatlyincreasedtheirfoodproductionthrough"multiplecropping"practices,"可知,中國(guó)和印度通過"復(fù)種"提高了糧食產(chǎn)量,故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Bytheendof2017,theforestcoveragerateamongtheregionsintheprojectreached13.57percent,comparedto5.05percent40yearsago."可知,截至2017年底,森林覆蓋率由40年前的5.05%提高到13.57%,也就是說(shuō)1977時(shí)的森林覆蓋率為5.05%,故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"That'sanareaequivalenttothetotaloftheAmazonrainforests.",第三段中的"Chinaisthesourceofaquarteroftheplanet'sincreaseinforestarea,despitehavingonly6.6percentoftheworld'svegetated(固定植被的)area,"及第四段中的"Bytheendof2017,theforestcoveragerateamongtheregionsintheprojectreached13.57percent,comparedto5.05percent40yearsago."等信息可知,文中多次用數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)過去和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行對(duì)比來(lái)顯示中國(guó)和印度是全球綠化努力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的,因此文章是通過對(duì)比的手法展開的,故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Wetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrenmore"resilient(有恢復(fù)力的)"，butwhateverwe'redoing,it'snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionarerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?

NassimTalebinventedtheword"antifragile"andusedittodescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(過敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.

Children'ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem"safe"fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剝奪)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforself-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.

It'snotthekids'fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayandindependentmobilitywentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.

Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:"Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginageadequateriskyplay."

Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.

Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecan'tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo-andletthemgrow.（1）WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?A.

Tostressitsimportance.

B.

Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.C.

Toquestionthelatestdis