北京市部分區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二英語期末解析版試卷分類匯編閱讀表達(dá)專題北京市海淀區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第54、55、56題各2分，第57題4分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。BeAwareoftheAnti-climaxManyofusworktirelesslytowardsourgoals,Wemayspendourlivesdreamingofthedayweareadmittedtoourdreamuniversity,publishourfirstbookorpurchaseourfirsthome.However,morethanoften,whenweachievethesethings,itdoesn’tfeelquiteasexpected.Infact,theachievementofthesegoalsfeelsanti-climactic,orabitofaletdown.“Ananti-climaxcanbeanunexpectedby-productofamilestoneachievement.Usually,themoresignificantthemilestone,thegreatertheanti-climaxmaybe,”saysRachelVora,psychotherapistandfounderofCYPWellbeing.“Thejourneytoachievingamilestonecanbeexcitingandall-consuming.Therefore,whenthisdisappearsovernight,wecanoftenfeellostandconfused.”Inpsychology,thebeliefthatwe’llbehappierwhenweachieveourgoalsevenhasafancyscientificname.Psychologistscallit“arrivalfallacy(悖論)”anditplaysabigpartinthosefeelingsofemptinessthatcanfollowachievingagoal.“Thetermdescribeshowfulfillingourgoalsandachievingourambitionsdoesn’tleadtoa‘happilyeverafter’”,statespsychologistLeeChambers.Ifyoufindyourselfcurrentlyworkingtowardsomethingbigthatyoususpectmayfeellikeabitofaletdown,therearestepsyoucantaketomanageandevenpreventthefeelingofanti-climax.EnjoythejourneyYou’dbetterslowdownalittleandcometorealizethatjoycomesfromthedoing,notthecompleting.Soinsteadofrushingforittobedone,takeamomenttoenjoythedoing.ForeseethecomedownIfyouareawareofapotentialupcominganti-climax,scheduleanactivitytolookforwardtosoonaftertheeventhasfinished.Considerplanningsometimewithfriendsandfamily,orattendingaconcertorevenacookingclass.Thiscanactasareminderthatotheraspectsoflifecanbejustasfulfilling.NormalizetheexperienceThekeyistonormalizefeelingsoflowmood,confusion,andself-doubtaroundanti-climaxes,whicharesomethingmanypeopleexperience.Connectingwithothersmayalsobebeneficial.Itcanhelptoengagewithfriendsandinfluencersonlinewhosharesimilarexperiencestofeellessisolated(孤立的)withyourownemotions.36.Accordingtothepassage,howdopeopleoftenfeelaftertheymakegreatachievements?37.Whatdoes“arrivalfallacy”referto?38.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Todealwithyouranti-climax,you’dbetterstayawayfromthosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou.39.Supposeyouhavejustbeenadmittedtoyourdreamuniversity.Whatwillyoudotodealwiththeanti-climax?(Inabout40words)北京市西城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）IV.閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題;每小題2分,共8分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Whilemostspidershuntalone,thereareafewhundredspeciesofsocialspidersthatliveincolonies.A.studiosusisoneofthem.Upto50individualsgathertogethertospinlargecollectivewebs,whichcatchlargerpreythaneachspidercouldtraponitsown.Allthecolonymemberslookthesame,buttheydon’tallbehaveinthesameway.Thefemalescanbeaggressiveordocile(溫馴的).It’ssurprisinglyeasytorealizetheirpersonalities—justputtwooftheminasmallboxovernightandcheckonthemthenextmorning.Ifthey’rebothdocile,theywillhavebuiltajointwebinonecornerofthebox.Ifoneofthemisaggressive,thepairwillbeatoppositecorners.ColinWrightfromtheUniversityofPittsburghhasnowfoundthatthesepersonalitytypesdodifferentjobswithintheweb,creatinganaturaldivisionoflabor.They’realittlelikeants,wheresmallworkerscleanandlookforfood,andbigsoldiersguardanddefend.Butunliketheseinsects,thesocialspidersdon’thavecastes(社會階層)withdifferentbuilds.Instead,theirrolesaredefinedbytheirpersonalities.WhenWright’steamfirststartedstudyingA.studiosus,theycouldn’tworkoutwhatthedocilespidersdid.Theydidn’tseemtorepairwebs,keepenemiesaway,orcatchprey.Butwhentheresearcherscheckedthefatesofcoloniesinthewild,theyfoundthatthosewithamixofdocileandaggressivemembersweremorelikelytosurvivethanthosewithjustasingletype.Thedocilememberswereclearlydoingsomethingimportant.Itturnsoutthattheyactasthecolony’sbabysitters.Theyspendmostoftheirtimestandingwatchingovertheeggs,ordirectlyfeedingtheyoungstersbyregurgitating(反芻)food—justlikeamotherbirdmight.Meanwhile,theaggressivespidersgenerallyavoidthesetasks;instead,theyspendmostoftheirtimebuildingtheweb,catchingprey,anddefendingtheircolonies.Comparedtothedocilespiders,theaggressiveonesarebetteratthosetasks,becausethedocilefemalesrarelyrespondtoenemies—andwhentheydorespond,theydososlowly.Fornow,it’snotclearwhythespidersnaturallyfallintotheirrespectivecareers,orevenwhatdrivestheirdifferentpersonalitiesinthefirstplace.Theteamarenowtryingtoanswerthesequestions.Inthemeantime,Wrightsuggeststhatbiologistsshouldpaymoreattentiontopersonalitytypes,whentryingtounderstandhowanimalsocietieswork.53.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethetwopersonalitytypesoffemaleA.studiosus?54.Whataretheaggressivefemalespidersmainlyresponsiblefor?55.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.InanA.studiosuscolony,thedivisionoflaborisbasedonthedifferentbuildsofthespiders.56.Doyouthinkpersonalitytraitsinfluencehumancareerchoices?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)北京市朝陽區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。AvoidingProcrastination——ALessonYouShouldn’tPutOffYousitdowntowriteareportforschool,butdecidetoscrollyourphonefirst.Soon,it’seveningandyoustillhaven’tstartedthatreport.You’vebeenhavingprocrastination.Itisnotsimplelaziness.It’sthehabitofavoidingurgenttasksdespitenegativeconsequences.Whenyou’refacingatask,onepartofyourmindisrational(理性的)andsays,“Let’sdoit.”Anotherpartisirrational.Itsays,“Wouldn’taquickvideogamebefun?”Thatpartseeksinstantsatisfaction,whiletherationalpartknowsyoushoulddoyourwork.Beingprocrastinatingmayrelievepressureinthemoment,butitisaforcethatconstantlyworksagainstus,inourstudiesandourpersonallives.Itoftenstopsusfromreachingourpotentialandstudentswhoroutinelyprocrastinatetendtogetlowergrades.Ingeneral,habitualprocrastinatorshavetofacehighphysicalcostsandtheincreaseofstressandworry.Itissomethingweallneedtothinkabout——andthinkabouttoday,nottomorrow.Sohowdowebeatit?First,wemustunderstandtheemotionsbehindprocrastination.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplearemorelikelytoprocrastinatewhentheyfeelnegativeemotions,suchasfearoffailureorfrightaboutdoingboringtasks,towardthingsthatneedtobecompleted.It’sthereforeimportanttoignoreyourmood,andjustdiveinandtakethefirststep.Forexample,ifyouarewritingareport,startbysimplyputtingyournameatthetopofpageone.Then,focusontakingonestepatatimeuntilyoureachthefinishline.Whenyou’redone,rewardyourself——maybebydoingsomethingfunthatwasdistracting(使分神)youbefore.Ifyoudoputthingsoff,makesuretoforgiveyourself,sinceguiltmakestheurgetoprocrastinatestronger.Beatingprocrastination,though,willhelpyouinallaspectsofyourlife,fromfinishingtasksatschooltoachievingpersonalgoals.Thetimetostartisnow!50.Accordingtothispassage,what’sprocrastination?51.Whatarethenegativeeffectsofprocrastination?52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Procrastinationismorelikelytoappearwhenwehavenegativeemotions,soweshouldrewardourselvesfirsttodelightus.53.Inadditiontothetipsmentionedinthepassage,whatotherbeneficialstrategiescanyouoffertoprocrastinators?(Inabout40words)北京市房山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Someoftheworld’smostimportantscientiststhinktheideaofpeoplelivingonMarswillcometrueoneday.StephenHawkingbelievedhumansmustmoveintospacetosurvive.“Oncewespreadoutintospaceandestablishindependentcolonies,ourfutureshouldbesafe.”hesaid.RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,agreesandthinksstartingwithMarsmakesthemostsense.HethinkssendingpeopletoMarswillallowustolearnalot—forexample,abouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinaverydifferentenvironment.However,scientistswillneedtoterraformMarsforpeopletobeabletolive.TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth’s.OneofthemaingoalsofterraformingMarsistowarmitupbecausetheaveragetemperaturethereisabout-60℃.OneideaforwarmingMarsistobuildfactoriestherethatproducegreenhousegases.Thiscouldtakemanycenturies.However,itshouldleadtorainfallandthegrowthofplants,resultinginmoreairthatpeoplecanbreathe.AnotherbigconcernforscientistsiswhetherhumanscanmovetoMarsandstillstayhealthyinmindandbody.Asatest,sixpeoplelivedinaMars-likeenvironmentinHawaiiforayearbefore“returningtoEarth”recently.Itwasa1,200-square-footroomthatwasonthesideofavolcanoandusedthesunforenergy.ChristianeHeinicke,oneofthepeoplewholivedthere,saidthatoneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.OneparticularorganisationbasedinEuropeisplanningtosendthefirsthumanstoMarsbefore2030.TheorganisationbelievesthatitsprojectisgivingpeopleworldwidethechancetobepartofthefirsthumancrewevertoliveonMarsforgood.However,manyexpertsthinktheproject’scostofUSS6billionistoolowforittobesuccessful.TheAmericanspaceagencyNASAbelievesthatsendingpeopletoMarswouldcostaboutUSS100billion,althoughthisestimateisbasedonbringingthembacktoEarth,too.Regardless,itseemsthathumanslivingonMarsmaywellhappenalotsoonerthanmostpeoplebelieve.40.WhatcanwelearnifwesendhumanstoMarsaccordingtoRobertZubrin?41.Whatdoes“terraforming”mean?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Accordingtothetest,inordertostayhealthyinmindandbodyonMars,itisnecessaryforhumansonMarstostayawayfromvariousactivities.43.WhatshouldwedonowbeforehumanscanliveonMars?(Inabout40words)北京市昌平區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AReflectionaboutChangeChangecanbeexcitingandhard.Itisalsoafactoflifeintheworldofeducation.Iamalibrarianatahighschool.Ihaveworkedasalibrarianforthepastelevenyears.Thisyearmyschoolisgoingthroughatremendoustransition.Thereisanewschoolbuildingbeingconstructedwithamid-yearmoveplanned.Additionally,duetosomerestructuring,Iamworkingwithanewteachingpartnerandtwonewgradelevels.Thisisallincrediblyexcitingbutalsobringsalevelofuncertaintytoo.Icouldlookatthisinanegativeway,butinstead,Iamgoingtofocusontheupsidetothistransition.SohereIsharesomewaysIamembracingthischange.Workingwithteachers,thatIhavenothadanopportunitytoworkwithbefore,willallowmetogainnewperspectivesabouttheneedsofthestudentsinmyschool.ThelibraryprogramhasbeensomethingIhaveworkedhardtobuildoverthepastnineyears.Iamveryclosetoit.Itwillbehelpfulforsomeonewhohasanoutsideperspectivetoaskquestionsaboutourpractices.Itwillallowmetoreflectonwhywedocertainthingsandwillmaketheprogrambettermovingforward.AsIgainnewperspectivesfrommycolleagues,Ialsohaveanopportunitytosharethemissionofthelibrary.IthasgivenmeachancetohighlightsomeofthegreatlessonsandprojectsIhavehadtheopportunitytobeapartofinthepast.IsthisahillIwanttodieon?ThisisaboutrecognizingthethingsthatIcanchangeandmakingthoseworkratherthanworryingaboutthingsthatIhavenocontrolover.Itisaboutnotsweatingthesmallstuff.IfIaskmyselfthisquestionandtheanswerisno,thenIhavetoletitgoandmoveon!Oneofmywonderfulcolleagues,CheriDobbs,toldmetogivemyselfpermissionforthingsnottobeperfect.Nextyearwillbeayearofgrowth.Thelibraryprogramwillnotbeexactlylikewhatwewantittobe.ThatisOK!Aslongaswestaytruetoourgoalsandsupportstudentsthebestwecan,thentherestwillcometogethereventually.40.Whatchangesarehappeningtotheauthorthisyear?41Whatwilltheauthorgetfromsomeonewhohasanoutsideperspective?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Todealwithchange,weshouldworkonthethingsthatwecanchangeandtryourbesttomakethethingswehavenocontroloverundercontrol.43.Besidestheopinionsmentionedinthepassage,whatareyourthoughtsonchange?(Inabout40words)參考答案北京市海淀區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）【答案】36.Peopleoftenfeellostandconfused.37.Itreferstothebeliefthatpeoplewillbehappierwhentheyachievetheirgoals.38.Todealwithyouranti-climax,you’dbetterstayawayfromthosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou.You’dbetterengage/connectwiththosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou.39.IcanscheduleanactivitytolookforwardtosoonafterIhavejustbeenadmittedtomydreamuniversity,orIcanconsiderplanningsometimewithfriendsandfamily,orattendingaconcertorevenacookingclass.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們生活中實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己不懈努力的目標(biāo)后可能出現(xiàn)的“反高潮”現(xiàn)象，并且介紹了一些我們可以采取的措施來管理甚至防止反高潮的感覺?！?6題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Therefore,whenthisdisappearsovernight,wecanoftenfeellostandconfused.(因此，當(dāng)這一夜之間消失時，我們常常會感到迷茫和困惑)”，可知人們在取得巨大成就后通常會會感到迷茫和困惑。故答案為Peopleoftenfeellostandconfused.【37題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Inpsychology,thebeliefthatwe’llbehappierwhenweachieveourgoalsevenhasafancyscientificname.Psychologistscallit“arrivalfallacy(悖論)”anditplaysabigpartinthosefeelingsofemptinessthatcanfollowachievingagoal.(在心理學(xué)中，當(dāng)我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)時我們會更快樂的信念甚至有一個奇特的學(xué)名。心理學(xué)家稱之為“到達(dá)謬誤”，它在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)后產(chǎn)生的空虛感中起著重要作用。)”，可知“到達(dá)謬論”指的是當(dāng)我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)時我們會更快樂的信念。故答案為Itreferstothebeliefthatpeoplewillbehappierwhentheyachievetheirgoals.【38題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Connectingwithothersmayalsobebeneficial.Itcanhelptoengagewithfriendsandinfluencersonlinewhosharesimilarexperiencestofeellessisolated(孤立的)withyourownemotions.(與他人聯(lián)系也可能有益。這有助于與在線朋友和有影響力的人接觸，他們有著相似的經(jīng)歷，從而減少與自己情緒的隔離感。)”，可知為了應(yīng)對你的反高潮，你最好聯(lián)系那些與你有相似經(jīng)歷的人。故答案為：Todealwithyouranti-climax,you’dbetterstayawayfromthosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou.You’dbetterengage/connectwiththosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou..【39題詳解】開放試題。根據(jù)Foreseethecomedown標(biāo)題下的一段“Ifyouareawareofapotentialupcominganti-climax,scheduleanactivitytolookforwardtosoonaftertheeventhasfinished.Considerplanningsometimewithfriendsandfamily,orattendingaconcertorevenacookingclass.Thiscanactasareminderthatotheraspectsoflifecanbejustasfulfilling.(如果你意識到一個潛在的反高潮即將到來，安排一個可以期待的在這件事結(jié)束不久的活動?？紤]安排一些時間與朋友和家人在一起，或參加音樂會，甚至烹飪課。這可以提醒人們，生活的其他方面也同樣令人滿意。)”，可知假設(shè)我剛剛被你夢想中的大學(xué)錄取。我可以安排一個可以期待的在大學(xué)錄取后不久的活動，或是考慮安排一些時間與朋友和家人在一起，或參加音樂會，甚至烹飪課。故答案為：IcanscheduleanactivitytolookforwardtosoonafterIhavejustbeenadmittedtomydreamuniversity,orIcanconsiderplanningsometimewithfriendsandfamily,orattendingaconcertorevenacookingclass.北京市西城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）【答案】53.Aggressiveanddocile.54.Buildingtheweb,catchingprey,anddefendingtheircolonies.55.InanA.studiosuscolony,thedivisionoflaborisbasedonthedifferentbuildsofthespiders.(Accordingtothepassage,)inanA.studiosuscolony,thedivisionoflaborisbasedonthepersonalitiesofspiders.56.略?！窘馕觥俊緦?dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)A.studiosus不同性格的蜘蛛會選擇不同的分工。研究小組現(xiàn)在正試圖回答這些問題?！?3題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中“Thefemalescanbeaggressiveordocile.”（雌性可能是好斗的，也可能是溫順的。）可知，A.studiosus雌性的兩種性格類型是好斗又溫順。故答案為Aggressiveanddocile?！?4題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中“Meanwhile,theaggressivespidersgenerallyavoidthesetasks;instead,theyspendmostoftheirtimebuildingtheweb,catchingprey,anddefendingtheircolonies.”（與此同時，攻擊性強(qiáng)的蜘蛛通常會避開這些任務(wù)；相反，它們把大部分時間花在織網(wǎng)、捕捉獵物和保護(hù)它們的殖民地上。）可知，好斗的雌性蜘蛛主要負(fù)責(zé)織網(wǎng)，捕捉獵物，保衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)地。故答案為Buildingtheweb,catchingprey,anddefendingtheircolonies。【55題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三度中“Butunliketheseinsects,thesocialspidersdon’thavecasteswithdifferentbuilds.Instead,theirrolesaredefinedbytheirpersonalities.”（但與這些昆蟲不同的是，群居蜘蛛沒有不同體型的種姓。相反，他們的角色是由性格決定的。）可知，在A.studiosus群落中，勞動分工是基于蜘蛛的個性。故答案為InanA.studiosuscolony,thedivisionoflaborisbasedonthedifferentbuildsofthespiders.(Accordingtothepassage,)inanA.studiosuscolony,thedivisionoflaborisbasedonthepersonalitiesofspiders?！?6題詳解】考查主觀判斷。根據(jù)文章大意可知，不同性格的蜘蛛做不同的事。由此可判斷同樣對于人類來說也是一樣。因?yàn)樾愿窨梢詻Q定人們擅長和不擅長的事。故答案為Ithinkpersonalitywillinfluencepeople’scareerchoice.Accordingtothepassage,spiderswithdifferentpersonalitiesdodifferentthings.Thesameistrueforhumans.Becausepersonalitycandeterminewhatpeoplearegoodatandwhattheyarenot。北京市朝陽區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）【答案】50.Procrastinationisahabitofavoidingurgenttasksdespitenegativeconsequences.51.Procrastinationpreventsusfromreachingourpotentialandgettinghighgrades,whichhasnegativeeffectsonourphysicalandpsychologicalheathifpracticedhabitually.52.Procrastinationismorelikelytoappearwhenwehavenegativeemotions,soweshouldrewardourselvesfirsttodelightus.Becauseweshouldignoreournegativemood,justdiveinandtakethefirststep.53.言之有理即可?！窘馕觥俊緦?dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了拖延癥，分析了其產(chǎn)生的原因以及介紹了兩個克服拖延癥的小方法?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Itisnotsimplelaziness.It’sthehabitofavoidingurgenttasksdespitenegativeconsequences.(這不是簡單的懶惰。這是一種不顧負(fù)面后果而逃避緊急任務(wù)的習(xí)慣。)”可知，拖延癥是一種不顧負(fù)面后果而逃避緊急任務(wù)的習(xí)慣。故答案為Procrastinationisahabitofavoidingurgenttasksdespitenegativeconsequences.【51題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“Itoftenstopsusfromreachingourpotentialandstudentswhoroutinelyprocrastinatetendtogetlowergrades.Ingeneral,habitualprocrastinatorshavetofacehighphysicalcostsandtheincreaseofstressandworry.(它經(jīng)常阻礙我們發(fā)揮自己的潛能，經(jīng)常拖延的學(xué)生往往會得到較低的分?jǐn)?shù)。一般來說，習(xí)慣性拖延者不得不面對高昂的身體成本，以及壓力和擔(dān)憂的增加。)”可知，拖延癥會使得我們不能發(fā)揮潛能，得不到高分，對我們的身心都有不好的影響。故答案為Procrastinationpreventsusfromreachingourpotentialandgettinghighgrades,whichhasnegativeeffectsonourphysicalandpsychologicalheathifpracticedhabitually.【52題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“First,wemustunderstandtheemotionsbehindprocrastination.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplearemorelikelytoprocrastinatewhentheyfeelnegativeemotions,suchasfearoffailureorfrightaboutdoingboringtasks,towardthingsthatneedtobecompleted.It’sthereforeimportanttoignoreyourmood,andjustdiveinandtakethefirststep.(首先，我們必須了解拖延癥背后的情緒。研究表明，當(dāng)人們對需要完成的事情產(chǎn)生負(fù)面情緒時，比如害怕失敗或害怕做無聊的任務(wù)，他們更有可能拖延。因此，忽略自己的情緒是很重要的，投入進(jìn)去，邁出第一步。)”可知，當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生負(fù)面情緒時，就會容易拖延，此時，我們應(yīng)該忽略自己的負(fù)面情緒，投入工作中。因此原句中的“rewardourselvesfirsttodelightus.”是錯誤的，故答案為Procrastinationismorelikelytoappearwhenwehavenegativeemotions,soweshouldrewardourselvesfirsttodelightus.Becauseweshouldignoreournegativemood,justdiveinandtakethefirststep.【53題詳解】開放題?？忌灾欣砑纯?。參考答案為：Peopleoftenprocrastinatebecausetheythinktheycanputofftheworkforawhile,soit’simportantforustosetgoalsandmakeadailyscheduleinordertoreachthem.Besides,weneedtoturnofftheInternettoavoidbeingdistracted.北京市房山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）【答案】40.AccordingtoRobertZubrin,sendingpeopletoMarswillallowustolearnalot—forexample,abouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinaverydifferentenvironment.41.TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth’s.42.Accordingtothetest,inordertostayhealthyinmindandbodyonMars,itisnecessaryforhumansonMarstostayawayfromvariousactivities.AccordingtoChristianeHeinicke,oneofthepeoplewholivedthere,oneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.43.Firstofall,weneedtoterraformMarstowarmitupsothatpeoplewillbeabletolivethere.Second,buildfactoriestherethatproducegreenhousegases.Third,keepbusywithvariousactivitiessothatwewon’tfeelboredthere.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為人類移居火星的想法很快就能實(shí)現(xiàn)，但要真正住在火星，首先需要改造火星，將火星的環(huán)境地球化，使之符合人類生存的條件；其次還要測試人類住在火星上是否能保持身體和精神上的健康；最后雖然往返火星的花費(fèi)巨額，但無論如何，人類居住在火星的想法很快就能實(shí)現(xiàn)?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后兩句“RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,agreesandthinksstartingwithMarsmakesthemostsense.HethinkssendingpeopletoMarswillallowustolearnalot—forexample,abouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinaverydifferentenvironment.(火箭科學(xué)家羅伯特·祖布林對此表示贊同，并認(rèn)為從火星開始研究是最有意義的。他認(rèn)為，將人類送上火星將讓我們了解到很多東西，例如，人類在一個完全不同的環(huán)境中生活的能力。)”可知，將人類送上火星可以讓我們了解到很多東西，如人類在一個完全不同的環(huán)境中生活的能力。故答案為AccordingtoRobertZubrin,sendingpeopletoMarswillallowustolearnalot—forexample,abouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinaverydifferentenvironment.?！?1題詳解】考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話“TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth’s.(地球化是指改變一個星球的環(huán)境，使其與地球環(huán)境相似。)”可知，Terraforming是指將一個外星星球地球化，使之環(huán)境與地球相似。故答案為TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth’s.【42題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句話“ChristianeHeinicke,oneofthepeoplewholivedthere,saidthatoneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.(住在那里的克里斯蒂安·海尼克說，最大的問題之一是感到無聊。所以火星上的人類總是需要讓自己忙于各種活動。)”可知，在火星上的最大問題之一是無聊，因此，為了要保持身體和精神上的健康，人類需要讓自己忙于各種活動，錯誤部分為tostayawayfromvariousactivities。故答案為Accordingtothetest,inordertostayhealthyinmindandbodyonMars,itisnecessaryforhumansonMarstostayawayfromvariousactivities.AccordingtoChristianeHeinicke,oneofthepeoplewholivedthere,oneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.【43題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句話“However,scientistswillneedtoterraformMarsforpeopletobeabletolive.TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth’s.OneofthemaingoalsofterraformingMarsistowarmitupbecausetheaveragetemperaturethereisabout-60℃.OneideaforwarmingMarsistobuildfactoriestherethatproducegreenhousegases.Thiscouldtakemanycenturies.However,itshouldleadtorainfallandthegrowthofplants,resultinginmoreairthatpeoplecanbreathe.(然而，科學(xué)家需要改造火星，使人們能夠生活。地球化是指改變一個星球的環(huán)境，使其與地球環(huán)境相似。地球化火星的主要目標(biāo)之一是使其升溫，因?yàn)槟抢锏钠骄鶞囟燃s為-60℃。讓火星變暖的一個想法是在那里建立工廠，生產(chǎn)溫室氣體。這可能需要幾個世紀(jì)的時間。然而，它應(yīng)該會導(dǎo)致降雨和植物的生長，導(dǎo)致人們可以呼吸更多的空氣。)”可知，在人類能去火星居住前，需要改造火星的環(huán)境，使其升溫，能讓人類在火星上居?。贿€要在火星建立工廠，導(dǎo)致降雨和植物生長，產(chǎn)生空氣；根據(jù)文章第三段“AnotherbigconcernforscientistsiswhetherhumanscanmovetoMarsandstillstayhealthyinmindandbody.Asatest,sixpeoplelivedinaMars-likeenvironmentinHawaiiforayearbefore“returningtoEarth”recently.Itwasa1,200-square-footroomthatwasonthesideofavolcanoandusedthesunforenergy.ChristianeHeinicke,oneofthepeoplewholivedthere,saidthatoneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.(科學(xué)家們擔(dān)心的另一個大問題是，人類能否搬到火星上，同時仍然保持身心健康。