2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解推理判斷：細節(jié)與主旨的識別技巧考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______SectionIUseofEnglishInstructions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachblankfromthewordsinthebox.Rememberthateachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Youmaynotneedtouseallthewordsinthebox.Questions1-10Thehumanbrainisanincrediblycomplexorgan,__1__trillionsofneurons__2__witheachother.Theseconnections,knownassynapses,__3__thebasisofourthoughts,memories,andbehaviors.Understandinghowthesesynapses__4__iscrucialforadvancingourknowledgeofthebrainanddevelopingtreatmentsforneurologicaldisorders.Recentresearchhas__5__newinsightsintothedynamicsofsynapticcommunication.Scientistshavediscoveredthatsynapsesarenotstaticstructuresbutratherdynamic__6__thatcanstrengthenorweakenovertime.Thisplasticityallowsthebraintoadapttonewexperiencesandlearnfromitsenvironment.However,whenthisprocessgoesawry,itcancontributetoconditionssuchasAlzheimer'sdiseaseandschizophrenia.Oneofthekeyfactors__7__synapticplasticityistheneurotransmitterdopamine.Dopamineplaysavitalroleinmotivation,reward,andlearning.Imbalancesindopaminelevelshavebeenlinkedtovariousneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.Researchersare__8__exploringtherelationshipbetweendopamineandsynapticfunction,hopingtoidentifypotentialtherapeutictargets.Advancesintechnologyhave__9__scientiststostudysynapseswithunprecedenteddetail.Techniquessuchasoptogeneticsandpatch-clamprecordingallowresearcherstomanipulateandobservesynapticactivityinrealtime.Thesetoolshave__10__invaluableforunravelingthemysteriesofthebrainanddevelopingnewtreatmentsforneurologicaldisorders.Words:*A)comprisingB)enhancingC)involvingD)despiteE)therebyF)formedG)mechanismsH)identifiedI)throughJ)regardingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPassage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)has__11__significantdebatesaboutitsimpactonsociety.ProponentsarguethatAIcan__12__efficiency,solvecomplexproblems,andimproveourlivesinnumerousways.Forinstance,AI-poweredmedical診斷systemscanhelpdoctorsmakemoreaccuratediagnoses,whileAI-drivenautonomousvehicleshavethepotentialto__13__trafficaccidentsandincreasetransportationefficiency.However,criticsexpressconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofAI.Onemajorconcernisthe__14__ofjobs.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theyarelikelytoreplacehumanworkersinvariousindustries,leadingtounemploymentandeconomicinequality.AnotherconcernistheethicalimplicationsofAI.IssuessuchasbiasinAIalgorithms,privacyviolations,andthepotentialformisuseofAItechnologyraiseseriousethicalquestionsthatneedtobeaddressed.Tomitigatetheserisks,itiscrucialtodevelopandimplementethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopmentanddeployment.Theseguidelinesshouldprioritizetransparency,accountability,andfairness.Additionally,investmentineducationandretrainingprogramsisessentialtohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.Byfosteringacollaborativeapproachbetweendevelopers,policymakers,andthepublic,wecanensurethatAIbenefitssocietyasawhole.Questions15-27Passage2Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,__15__growingawarenessoftheenvironmentalandsocialchallengesfacingourplanet.Sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconceptencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,highlightingtheinterconnectednessofhumanactivitiesandtheirimpactontheplanet.Oneofthekeyenvironmentalchallengesisclimatechange.Risingglobaltemperaturesarecausingextremeweatherevents,sea-levelrise,andthelossofbiodiversity.Toaddressthischallenge,itiscrucialtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandtransitiontorenewableenergysources.Sustainablepracticessuchasenergyefficiency,reforestation,andconservationarealsoessentialformitigatingtheimpactsofclimatechange.Socialsustainabilityfocusesoncreatingequitableandinclusivesocieties.Thisinvolvesaddressingissuessuchaspoverty,inequality,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.Promotingsocialjustice,culturaldiversity,andcommunityengagementarecrucialforbuildingsustainablecommunities.Economicsustainabilityemphasizestheneedforresponsibleeconomicpracticesthatbalancegrowthwithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialwell-being.Thisincludespromotingsustainableagriculture,responsibleconsumption,andgreenbusinesses.Byadoptingsustainableeconomicmodels,wecanensurethateconomicdevelopmentdoesnotcomeattheexpenseoftheenvironmentorsocialequity.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresacollectiveeffortfromindividuals,communities,businesses,andgovernments.Byadoptingsustainablepracticesandmakinginformedchoices,wecancreateamoresustainablefutureforourselvesandfuturegenerations.Questions28-40Passage3Theriseofsocialmediahas__16__profoundchangesinhowwecommunicate,shareinformation,andinteractwitheachother.Socialmediaplatformshave__17__becomeanintegralpartofourdailylives,providingameansforconnectionandengagementwithothers.However,theimpactofsocialmediaonourmentalhealthandwell-beinghas__18__asubjectofintensedebate.Ononehand,socialmediacanhavepositiveeffectsonourmentalhealth.Itcanhelpusstayconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,especiallythosewholivefaraway.Socialmediacanalsobeasourceofsupportandcommunity,particularlyforindividualswithnicheinterestsorthosefacingspecificchallenges.Additionally,socialmediacanbeaplatformforraisingawarenessaboutimportantsocialissuesandmobilizingcollectiveaction.Ontheotherhand,excessiveuseofsocialmediahasbeenlinkedtovariousnegativementalhealthoutcomes.Socialmediaaddictioncanleadtofeelingsofanxiety,depression,andloneliness.Theconstantcomparisontoothersonsocialmediacanalsonegativelyimpactself-esteemandbodyimage.Moreover,thespreadofmisinformationandhatespeechonsocialmediaplatformscanhaveharmfulconsequencesforindividualsandsociety.Itisimportanttonotethattherelationshipbetweensocialmediaandmentalhealthiscomplexandmultifaceted.Whilesocialmediacanhavenegativeeffects,itcanalsohavepositiveeffects.Thekeyliesinusingsocialmediaresponsiblyandinmoderation.Developinghealthysocialmediahabits,suchassettingtimelimits,beingmindfulofyourconsumption,andseekingoutpositiveandsupportivecontent,canhelpmitigatethepotentialnegativeimpactsofsocialmedia.Questions41-53Questions15-2715.A)HoweverB)ThereforeC)MoreoverD)DespiteE)Nevertheless16.A)imposedB)undergoneC)initiatedD)facilitatedE)encountered17.A)steadilyB)increasinglyC)reluctantlyD)unexpectedlyE)unintentionally18.A)emergedB)persistedC)fadedD)vanishedE)deteriorated19.A)opportunitiesB)limitationsC)advantagesD)challengesE)consequences20.A)contributeB)enhanceC)alleviateD)diminishE)neglect21.A)efficiencyB)productivityC)innovationD)effectivenessE)functionality22.A)improveB)enhanceC)increaseD)amplifyE)elevate23.A)reduceB)minimizeC)eliminateD)controlE)manage24.A)ethicalB)practicalC)financialD)socialE)technological25.A)unemploymentB)inequalityC)instabilityD)redundancyE)underemployment26.A)biasesB)errorsC)flawsD)inaccuraciesE)discrepancies27.A)transparencyB)accountabilityC)fairnessD)accessibilityE)affordabilityQuestions28-4028.A)conceptB)principleC)theoryD)hypothesisE)model29.A)increasinglyB)significantlyC)progressivelyD)graduallyE)steadily30.A)environmentalB)socialC)economicD)politicalE)technological31.A)risingB)fallingC)stabilizingD)fluctuatingE)decreasing32.A)consequencesB)impactsC)effectsD)repercussionsE)outcomes33.A)reforestationB)deforestationC)afforestationD)afflicationE)degradation34.A)diversityB)inclusionC)equityD)equalityE)unity35.A)povertyB)wealthC)richnessD)abundanceE)prosperity36.A)sustainableB)unsustainableC)conventionalD)traditionalE)modern37.A)agricultureB)industryC)technologyD)businessE)services38.A)promoteB)encourageC)discourageD)discourageE)hinder39.A)practicesB)modelsC)systemsD)approachesE)strategies40.A)individualsB)communitiesC)businessesD)governmentsE)organizationsQuestions41-5341.A)revolutionizedB)transformedC)modernizedD)digitizedE)revolutioned42.A)integralB)essentialC)fundamentalD)necessaryE)indispensable43.A)communicationB)interactionC)connectionD)engagementE)communication44.A)profoundB)significantC)superficialD)minorE)insignificant45.A)positiveB)negativeC)mixedD)neutralE)ambiguous46.A)stayB)maintainC)sustainD)preserveE)retain47.A)supportB)communityC)networkD)connectionE)friendship48.A)nicheB)broadC)generalD)commonE)universal49.A)challengesB)issuesC)problemsD)concernsE)difficulties50.A)addictionB)habitC)dependenceD)usageE)consumption51.A)anxietyB)happinessC)joyD)contentmentE)excitement52.A)self-esteemB)confidenceC)prideD)arroganceE)arrogance53.A)bodyimageB)physicalappearanceC)outerbeautyD)facialfeaturesE)attractiveness試卷答案SectionIUseofEnglish1.F2.I3.G4.E5.H6.D7.J8.A9.B10.C解析1.formed：句意為“人腦是一個極其復雜的器官，由數(shù)十億個神經(jīng)元形成。”此處需要一個動詞，表示神經(jīng)元構(gòu)成了人腦，form符合語境。2.through：comprisingthebasisofourthoughts，memories，andbehaviors表示神經(jīng)元構(gòu)成了思維、記憶和行為的基礎(chǔ)，through表示方式或媒介，符合語境。3.mechanisms：句意為“這些連接，即突觸，是思維、記憶和行為機制的基礎(chǔ)。”mechanisms指機制，符合語境。4.thereby：句意為“理解這些突觸如何由此運作對于增進我們對人腦的了解以及開發(fā)治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的方法至關(guān)重要?！眛hereby表示“因此，從而”，符合語境。5.identified：句意為“最近的研究已經(jīng)確定了突觸交流的動態(tài)新見解?！眎dentified表示“確定，識別”，符合語境。6.dynamic：句意為“科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)突觸不是靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，而是動態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以隨時間增強或減弱。”dynamic表示“動態(tài)的”，符合語境。7.regarding：句意為“神經(jīng)可塑性的一個關(guān)鍵因素關(guān)于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)多巴胺。”regarding表示“關(guān)于”，符合語境。8.thereby：句意為“研究人員正在由此探索多巴胺與突觸功能的關(guān)系，希望能確定潛在的治療靶點?！眛hereby表示“因此，從而”，符合語境。9.enhancing：句意為“技術(shù)的進步增強了科學家對人腦進行前所未有的詳細研究的能力。”enhancing表示“增強”，符合語境。10.thereby：句意為“這些工具由此對于解開人腦的奧秘和開發(fā)新的治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的方法非常有價值。”thereby表示“因此，從而”，符合語境。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPassage111.D12.A13.C14.B15.A16.B17.C18.E19.D20.A21.A22.B23.B24.A25.A26.B27.C解析11.Despite：句意為“人工智能的快速發(fā)展盡管帶來了巨大的社會爭論?！眃espite表示“盡管”，符合語境。12.enhance：句意為“支持者認為人工智能可以增強效率。”enhance表示“增強”，符合語境。13.eliminate：句意為“人工智能驅(qū)動的自動駕駛汽車有可能消除交通事故?！眅liminate表示“消除”，符合語境。14.impact：句意為“一個主要的擔憂是工作影響?！眎mpact表示“影響”，符合語境。15.However：句意為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念近年來然而越來越受歡迎?！県owever表示“然而”，符合語境。16.undergone：句意為“社交媒體的興起經(jīng)歷了如何溝通、分享信息和相互作用的深刻變化?！眜ndergone表示“經(jīng)歷”，符合語境。17.reluctantly：句意為“社交媒體平臺已經(jīng)不情愿地成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠帧！眗eluctantly表示“不情愿地”，符合語境。18.emerged：句意為“社交媒體對我們心理健康和福祉的影響已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)為一個激烈的辯論主題。”emerged表示“出現(xiàn)”，符合語境。19.challenges：句意為“人工智能的快速發(fā)展帶來了巨大的社會爭論?！眂hallenges表示“挑戰(zhàn)”，符合語境。20.contribute：句意為“人工智能可以貢獻效率?！眂ontribute表示“貢獻”，符合語境。21.efficiency：句意為“人工智能可以提高效率?！眅fficiency表示“效率”，符合語境。22.enhance：句意為“人工智能可以增強效率。”enhance表示“增強”，符合語境。23.minimize：句意為“人工智能驅(qū)動的自動駕駛汽車有可能最小化交通事故。”minimize表示“最小化”，符合語境。24.ethical：句意為“另一個擔憂是人工智能的倫理影響?！眅thical表示“倫理的”，符合語境。25.unemployment：句意為“人工智能系統(tǒng)變得更加復雜，可能會取代各行各業(yè)的人類工人，導致失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟不平等?！眜nemployment表示“失業(yè)”，符合語境。26.biases：句意為“問題，例如人工智能算法中的偏見、隱私侵犯以及人工智能技術(shù)的潛在濫用提出了嚴重的倫理問題?！眀iases表示“偏見”，符合語境。27.transparency：句意為“這些問題需要得到解決。開發(fā)并實施人工智能開發(fā)和使用透明度的道德指南至關(guān)重要?！眛ransparency表示“透明度”，符合語境。Passage228.A29.B30.A31.A32.B33.A34.B35.A36.A37.A38.A39.D40.D解析28.concept：句意為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念近年來越來越受歡迎?！眂oncept表示“概念”，符合語境。29.significantly：句意為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展近年來顯著地越來越受歡迎?！眘ignificantly表示“顯著地”，符合語境。30.environmental：句意為“氣候變化是一個環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)?！眅nvironmental表示“環(huán)境的”，符合語境。31.rising：句意為“全球氣溫上升導致極端天氣事件、海平面上升和生物多樣性喪失?！眗ising表示“上升”，符合語境。32.impacts：句意為“為了應對這個挑戰(zhàn)，減少溫室氣體排放和向可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)型至關(guān)重要。這些影響是減緩氣候變化的關(guān)鍵。”impacts表示“影響”，符合語境。33.reforestation：句意為“可持續(xù)實踐，如能源效率、重新造林和保護區(qū)，對于減緩氣候變化的影響也是必不可少的?！眗eforestation表示“重新造林”，符合語境。34.inclusion：句意為“社會可持續(xù)性側(cè)重于創(chuàng)造公平包容的社會。這涉及解決貧困、不平等和獲得教育和醫(yī)療保健的問題。促進社會正義、文化多樣性和社區(qū)參與對于建立可持續(xù)社區(qū)至關(guān)重要?！眎nclusion表示“包容”，符合語境。35.poverty：句意為“社會可持續(xù)性側(cè)重于創(chuàng)