【英語】高二英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧講解及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating(授粉)insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?A.

Longerbloom.

B.

Sweeternectar.

C.

Brightercolor.

D.

Lessfluid.（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?A.

Onasquare.

B.

Besideahighway.

C.

Inthewoods.

D.

Alongthestreet.（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.

PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.B.

Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.C.

Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.D.

Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Flowerscanhear.

B.

Beesarebestpollinators.C.

Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.

D.

Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人與植物的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飛到夜來香花，在三分鐘內(nèi)其花朵花蜜的糖的濃度會(huì)增加，所以花蜜會(huì)更甜。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈達(dá)尼教授認(rèn)為，植物對(duì)傳粉者做出反應(yīng)的能力可能會(huì)在城市環(huán)境或繁忙道路旁減弱。從而推斷可知，在叢林里的植物生長(zhǎng)得更好。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，園丁們和他們的植物交談的努力可能不會(huì)白費(fèi)。從而推斷可知，園丁經(jīng)常與植物交談，生長(zhǎng)得更好。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人與植物的交流可以促其生長(zhǎng)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine(定義)theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob(角豆樹)seed.

Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified(統(tǒng)一的)measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem(十進(jìn)制)ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants(物理常數(shù)).Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，法國(guó)凡爾賽宮舉辦的國(guó)際計(jì)量大會(huì)，將對(duì)目前使用的國(guó)際單位制中的四個(gè)基本單位進(jìn)行重新定義，其中包括對(duì)千克的重新定義。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作計(jì)量單位的手、腳、谷物重量和參考角豆種子重量的磅可知，本段主要講述了不同的東西被用作計(jì)量單位。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要運(yùn)用了對(duì)比的寫作方法，把同一計(jì)量單位在不同國(guó)家之間或者在同一國(guó)家不同區(qū)域間的差異進(jìn)行了說明。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所給出的四個(gè)國(guó)家中，只有法國(guó)采用國(guó)際單位制(SI)。國(guó)際單位制是現(xiàn)時(shí)世界上最普遍采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量衡單位系統(tǒng)，采用十進(jìn)制進(jìn)位系統(tǒng)。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法國(guó)凡爾賽宮召開的會(huì)議上，七個(gè)基本計(jì)量單位中的四個(gè)將被重新定義，其中包括對(duì)千克的重新定義。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問題的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.

Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.

However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.

Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.（1）Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Seekchallengesallthetime.B.Admirehigh-rankingpeople.C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.（2）Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?A.Itlookedadorable.B.Itbehavedsmartly.C.Itseemedpolite.D.Itwasrespected.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?A.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.B.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.C.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.（4）Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無害于他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子也是如此。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.”可知，我們更傾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子喜歡那個(gè)被允許通過的木偶，是因?yàn)檫@種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.和Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，孩子們會(huì)走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類與生俱來的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵(lì)孩子去贏的同時(shí)，提醒他們要體諒他人。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天線)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干擾)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，WiFi可用于可用于安檢。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”這個(gè)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)分析信號(hào)在物體和材料上穿透和反射時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么?？芍xB。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打開和檢查人們的個(gè)人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D。（3）考查推理判斷，根據(jù)第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共場(chǎng)所，很難像機(jī)場(chǎng)那樣設(shè)置昂貴的安檢設(shè)施。檢查行李總是需要人力，我們希望開發(fā)一種互補(bǔ)的方法來減少人力，可推知選A。（4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作將繼續(xù)側(cè)重于提高識(shí)別物體和成像形狀及體積的準(zhǔn)確性，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個(gè)小點(diǎn)后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個(gè)的座頭鯨很容易被識(shí)別。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個(gè)小黑點(diǎn)后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個(gè)大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟(jì)、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙。可知，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對(duì)座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識(shí)。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識(shí)，并對(duì)它們加以保護(hù)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇閱讀理解

Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.

ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(顆粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.

ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.

TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.

Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.（1）WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?A.

Torecovertherockparticles.

B.

Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.C.

Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.

D.

Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.（2）Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?A.

Ahugemeteorshower.

B.

Businessvalueofmeteors.C.

Plentyofnaturalresources.

D.

Thebrainstormofresearchers.（3）Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?A.

Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily.

B.

Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.C.

Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas.

D.

Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.

Offercluesforthesearch.

B.

Givereasonstosupportaguess.C.

Stresstheimportanceoftheevent.

D.

Describetheprocessofthesearch.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為是去年墜落地球的流星碎片。這些物體是在美國(guó)太平洋沿岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始?？茖W(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.”可知，theOceanExplorationTrust的船員目前的目標(biāo)是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.”可知，一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.”可知，科學(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想給出支持猜測(cè)的理由。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遺產(chǎn))onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.D.Hemayaskthemquestions.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科技新動(dòng)態(tài)----數(shù)字人。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)安德魯·卡普蘭回憶往昔的時(shí)候，他的故事讓人感覺他活出了各種各樣的人生：20多歲的時(shí)候是戰(zhàn)地記者，還是一名軍人，一位成功的商人，隨后又是很多間諜小說和好萊塢劇本的作者。主要介紹安德魯·卡普蘭豐富多彩的人生；在根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當(dāng)他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，第一段的內(nèi)容主要是引出下文中文章的話題數(shù)字人。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired