語音一、26個(gè)字母的發(fā)音音素英語中共有48個(gè)音素，其中元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)。英語輔音和原因的作用相當(dāng)于漢語中的聲母和韻母。記錄英語音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)，音標(biāo)放在兩條斜線內(nèi)（//）內(nèi)，以免和字母混淆。1.元音長元音：/i://ɑ?//?://??//u:/短元音：/?//?//?//?//?//e//?/雙元音：/e?//a?//??//a?//??//??//e?//??/注：/i/是/?/的音位變體，/u/是/?/的音位變體，這兩個(gè)變體音/i/和/u/是弱讀音，出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中。2.輔音清輔音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//∫//t?//h/濁輔音/b//d//ɡ//v//e//z//?//d?//m//n//?//l//r//w//j/其他/ts//tr//dz//dr/音標(biāo)發(fā)音詳解（一）長元音/i:/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵下齒，舌前部盡力抬高，舌位高于/?/，呈扁平口形，雙唇微微張開，如同微笑時(shí)。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ee ea e i ie/ei例詞:three tree green sheep meet beef see seek bee eat tea meat leave lead team speak clean please teacher he she me be ski police pizzapiece receive ceiling/ɑ?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)口張大，舌身壓低并后縮，舌尖不抵觸下齒，舌后稍隆起，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ar a au al ear例詞:car farm card arm garden sharp harm fast class last glass plant laugh aunt calm half calfheart/?:/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身壓低并后縮，舌后部抬起，比/?/要抬得更高些，雙唇收得更圓更小，呈中圓口型，并向前突出。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:a al or au oor our ar aw例詞:water also almostsmall wall talk tall ball hall call walk more lord horse fork forty sport store corn author caught autumn door floorfour mourn court warn warm quarrel quarterdraw law paw/??/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)舌放平，舌尖輕抵下齒底部，舌中部略抬起，雙唇呈扁平口型。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ir ur ear er or例詞:girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird first dirty turn burn murder nurse Thursday turtle burger hurt occur learn earn earth heard early term her nerd serve work worm world worth/u:/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身后縮，舌后部盡量抬起，舌位比/?/高，雙唇收?qǐng)A并向前突出，口型比/?/稍小。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:oo o u ou ui ew例詞:food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two whose who whom true truth blue clue gluegroup soup through fruit suit juicedrew grew flew chew 短元音/?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向上顎抬起，比/i:/發(fā)音時(shí)略低些，雙唇仍呈扁平口型，但比/i:/發(fā)音時(shí)要稍大些，發(fā)音要短促而輕快。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:i y e例詞:sit picture list mix fix fit pig big build miss any dictionary twenty myth happy manydefect delicious decide beside behind before/?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，并稍向后兩旁平移，開口度較大，與/?/相似。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:u o ou oo例詞:up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother does love brother young flourish trouble double touch cousin countryblood flood/?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，口張大，舌身盡量壓低并后縮，舌后部抬起，比/?:/略低，唇形呈中圓口型，并向前突出。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:o a例詞:hot lost lot fox box mop shop loss collar coffee want wash /?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身平放，舌尖輕抵下齒底部，舌中部稍抬起，雙唇呈扁平口型。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:er or ou ar o a e 例詞:teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious familiar collar dollar sugar together tomorrow Washington today control polite around account elephant ago banana Canada Japan China policemen happen accident/?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身后縮，舌身離開下齒，舌后部抬起，比/u:/略低些，雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍向前突出。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:oo ou u o例詞:look good foot book wool should could would put bull pull push bulletwoman wolf /e/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向上顎稍抬起，舌位比/i:/略低些，雙唇呈扁平口型，開口度比/i:/稍大些。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ea e a ie例詞:head bread breakfast ready sweater weather pleasure measure heavy instead dead deathdesk bed lesson better elephant electric member any manyfriend /?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/e/略低些，唇形開口度比/e/稍大些。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:a例詞:bag hand and happy mad hat map ant bad black back glad flag man 雙元音/e?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/e/音，雙唇稍平，口型從半開到合，下顎和下唇向上移動(dòng)，舌位也隨之抬高，自然流暢地滑向/?/音，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:a ay ea ai ey例詞:name cake late gate plane April play say may way day great break steak rain paint plain wait train tail they obey grey(gray)/a?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)前元音/a/（不是后元音/ɑ?/），和普通話的“a”音相似，舌尖抵住下齒，舌位很低，舌前部隆起，唇形稍扁，牙床開合度寬，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:i ie y uy例詞:bike fine kite find nine light night right high die tie pie liemy by why try fly sky buy guy /??/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/?/音，舌位位于/?/和/?:/之間，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，雙唇從圓到扁，口型從半開到合，舌前部也隨之稍抬起，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:oy oi例詞:boy toy joy oil soil voice choice coin boil /a?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)前元音/a/（不是后元音/ɑ?/），和普通話的“a”音相似，舌尖抵住下齒，舌位很低，舌前部隆起，唇形稍扁，牙床開合度寬，然后雙唇逐漸收?qǐng)A，舌后部隨之稍抬起，自然流暢地滑向/?/音，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ou ow例詞:house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse mouthflower down now cow how town /??/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/?/音，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，雙唇由扁到略為收?qǐng)A，舌位由半低到高，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:o ow oa例詞:home cold go no phone host ghost over know low below grow blow show flow window bowl boat coat goal road /??/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/?/音，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，舌尖抵下齒，雙唇始終半開，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:eer ea ear ere e 例詞:beer deer cheer idea area theatreear near hear tear here merehero series serious /e?/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/e/音，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部略抬起，雙唇始終半開，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:ear air ere例詞:bear pear wearchair air fair pairthere where /??/發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時(shí)，先發(fā)/?/音，然后自然流暢地滑向/?/音，嘴唇從收?qǐng)A到半開，發(fā)音時(shí)前長后短，前重后輕，由清晰到模糊。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。發(fā)音規(guī)則:oor our ure例詞:poor boor moortour tourist gourdsure pure cure輔音/p/—/b/（爆破音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/p/發(fā)音時(shí)，雙唇緊閉，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破聲音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。p:penplanpourparrotpetshippp:applehappysupper/b/發(fā)音時(shí)，雙唇緊閉，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)的氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。b:blindbigbootblowblockbeatbb:rubberrabbitcabbage/t/—/d/（爆破音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/t/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖貼住上齒齦，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破聲音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。t:rattoughtastetwentycitytt:buttermatterbetter-ed:cookedjumpedwashed/d/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖貼住上齒齦，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。d:seeddictionarysanddinner-ed:smiledopenedplayedclimbed/k/—/ɡ/（爆破音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/k/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌后部隆起緊貼軟腭，憋住氣，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破聲音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。c:cardcreamcorrectk:kingkeybookkitchenck:sockneckcc:acceptaccusech:schoolmechanictechnology/ɡ/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌后部隆起緊貼軟腭，憋住氣，然后突然放開，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流沖出，發(fā)出爆破音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。g:girlgoalgoatgradegg:eggbiggerfoggy/f/—/v/（摩擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/f/發(fā)音時(shí)，下唇輕抵上齒，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流從唇齒間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。f:fiveflagfrogroofwifeff:giraffeoffcoffeeph:physicphotophonegh:coughlaughrough/v/發(fā)音時(shí)，下唇輕抵上齒，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流從唇齒間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。v:veryeveningeverydayvideo/θ/—/e/（摩擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/θ/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖輕抵上齒背或上下齒之間，氣流從舌齒間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。th:thinkthankthrowthickthreat/e/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖輕抵上齒背或上下齒之間，氣流從舌齒間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。th:thatthisthosethesethough/s/—/z/（摩擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/s/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖靠近上齒齦，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流從舌前部和上下齒之間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。s:studentsameseatseac:citypencilceilingcelebratess:kissmissbossgrassclassce:piecejuicesciencespacericese:caselicensecourse/z/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖靠近上齒齦，讓口腔內(nèi)氣流從舌前部和上下齒之間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。z:zoozebrazerozaps:bagssistersphotosse:closenoserosesupposepause/∫/—/?/（摩擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/∫/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身整個(gè)抬起，舌前部接近上齒齦，雙唇稍向前突出，略呈方形，讓氣流從舌面上與上顎間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。s:sugarsuresh:washfishsheepshoulderbrushci:socialspecialch:machinechef/?/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身整個(gè)抬起，舌前部接近上齒齦，雙唇稍向前突出，略呈方形，讓氣流從舌面上與上顎間縫隙中通過，發(fā)出摩擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。s:televisionusuallytreasureg:garagemassage/t?/—/d?/（破擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/t?/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身抬高，舌尖及舌端頂住上齒齦后部，讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。ch:peachcherrycatchchildchairtch:matchwatchcatch/d?/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身抬高，舌端貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出，發(fā)出破擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。g:giraffegingergentlej:junkjobenjoyjamjoinJulyge:orangecabbagecagestagedge:bridgejudgeedge/ts/—/dz/（破擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/ts/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌端先貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略下降，讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。ts:coatscatsstudentsbootstes:gateskitesdates/dz/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌端貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，然后讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出，發(fā)出破擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。ds:seedsgoodshandsreadsfeedsdes:rides/tr/—/dr/（破擦音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/tr/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌端先貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，然后讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。tr:treattraveltricktradecountry/dr/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌端貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，讓氣流從舌齒間縫隙中沖出，發(fā)出破擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。dr:drinkdrivedreamdroplaundry/m//n//?/（鼻音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/m/發(fā)音時(shí)，雙唇緊閉，舌放平，軟腭下垂，讓氣流從鼻腔中通過，發(fā)音結(jié)束時(shí)，雙唇依然緊閉。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。m:milkmoneymindmoonmovemb:climbcombthumbmm:summerhammer/n/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖緊貼主上齒齦形成障礙，讓氣流從鼻腔中通過，雙唇始終微張。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。n:nutnodnooncleankn:kneeknifeknocknn:mannerrunnergn:sign/?/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌后部高抬起，貼住軟腭，讓氣流從鼻腔中通過，雙唇始終微張，鼻音比/n/更濃。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。n:inkbanktankuncleEnglishng:singkingmorningevening/l//r/（舌側(cè)音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/l/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌身向上隆起，舌尖緊貼上齒齦，讓氣流從舌的兩側(cè)通過。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。l:lordlocklonglendblackcloseworldgoalsoulll:stilltellfallfull/r/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌尖卷起，靠近上齒齦后部，舌面略下凹，雙唇略突出，氣流通過舌尖和齒齦形成輕微摩擦，發(fā)出摩擦音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶有振動(dòng)。r:riceroomruderobotrocketrr:mirrorcarrotparrotsorrywr:writewrapwrongwreck/w/（半元音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/w/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌后部向軟腭抬起，舌位很高，雙唇突出并呈小圓口形，單獨(dú)發(fā)音時(shí)后面可加/?/，念/w?/，它發(fā)音短暫，發(fā)音瞬間滑向后面的元音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。w:winterwellweekwidewindywh:wherewhatwhichwhywhen/j/（半元音）音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/j/發(fā)音時(shí)，舌前部向硬腭抬起，舌位較高，雙唇呈扁平口型，單獨(dú)發(fā)音時(shí)后面可加/?/，念/j?/，它發(fā)音短暫，發(fā)音瞬間滑向后面的元音，又稱半元音。濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。y:yardyesyearyellyouyouryellow/h/音素發(fā)音要領(lǐng)例詞/h/發(fā)音時(shí)，雙唇微微張開，氣流自由通過口腔，僅在通過聲帶時(shí)發(fā)出輕微的摩擦音，口形隨其后的元音而變化。清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。h:hairholdholehumblehidewh:whowhosewhom朗讀基本知識(shí)1.單詞重音英語單詞有單音節(jié)詞、雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞之分。含有一個(gè)響亮音素的聲音片段叫作一個(gè)音節(jié)。英語里的元音都是響亮的音素。由一個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫做單音節(jié)詞，如hi,mum,dad,first,meet。由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞稱為雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞。對(duì)于雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞，有的音節(jié)須讀得重些，叫做重讀音節(jié)；有的音節(jié)要讀得輕些，叫作非重讀音節(jié)。重讀音節(jié)用重音符號(hào)“′”標(biāo)出。雙音節(jié)詞的重音一般落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，如jacket、question、sweater。少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的中印在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上，如excuse、July、about。三音節(jié)詞的重音一般也在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，如favourite、vegetable、interesting。少數(shù)三音節(jié)詞的重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上，如computer、tomato、December。有的雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞有兩個(gè)重音，一個(gè)是主重音，另一個(gè)是次重音。次重音用“”，標(biāo)在次重音的左下方。如thirteen、fifteen、afternoon。注意下列單詞的重音：funnymotherunclecousingrandpabeginaboutreportbecauseidealibraryinterestingfamilybeautifulfavouritecomputeranotherimportanttogetheramazing2.濁化發(fā)音濁化：必須滿足的條件在同一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)或次重讀音節(jié)內(nèi)一個(gè)清輔音前的音是s清輔音有對(duì)應(yīng)的濁輔音清輔音后有元音兩個(gè)清輔音濁化音例詞s+p/sb/sport/sp?:t/讀作/sb?:t/s+t/sd/stay/ste?/讀作/sde?/s+k/sg/skate/ske?t/讀作/sge?t/s+tr/sdr/strong/str??/讀作/sdr??/3.連讀在同一個(gè)意群中，前后相連的兩個(gè)單詞之間，前一個(gè)單詞末尾的輔音和后一個(gè)單詞詞首的元音有時(shí)可連起來讀，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為連讀。連讀現(xiàn)象是在語言交際中，特別是隨著語速的加快而自然產(chǎn)生的，可用符號(hào)“╰╯”表示。常見的連讀情況有以下兩種。輔音+元音當(dāng)前一個(gè)詞的詞尾是輔音，后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭時(shí)，這兩個(gè)詞可以連讀。It’sagoodidea.Comeon,Jack!Isitonthedesk?╰╯╰╯╰╯╰╯Lookatit.Letmegetit.Canyouplaygameswithus?╰╯╰╯╰╯╰╯r/re+元音當(dāng)前一個(gè)詞的詞尾是r或re，后一個(gè)詞的詞首是元音時(shí)，這兩個(gè)詞可以連讀，中間增加一個(gè)/r/音。Asktheteacherforit.Ineedapairofsportsshoesforschool.╰╯╰╯注意下列句子連讀部分：Wakeup!Wakeup! Idon’twanttogetup.╰╯╰╯╰╯It’stimetogetup. Getup!You’regoingtobelate.╰╯╰╯Whattimeisit? Idon’twanttogetup. ╰╯╰╯ ╰╯Comeon!Getup! ButitisSunday,Mum!╰╯╰╯╰╯╰╯4.不完全爆破在單