DiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribeyourfavouritethingsUnit5Languagesaroundtheworld

ReviewChinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes...(P62)PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.(P62)WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhich

China’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.(P62)EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.(P62)RestrictiveRelativeClauses

定語(yǔ)從句的定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾______或______的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫_______，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫_______。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系_____和關(guān)系_____兩類名詞代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞代詞副詞

關(guān)系代詞及其用法關(guān)系代詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋镏髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)that

whichwhowhomwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略LeadinWhatdoyouknowaboutthewrittenChinese?Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Lookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.atime

foraneventalocation

foraneventareason

foranactionalocation

foranactionItwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.atime

foranevent先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接詞使用when.Itwasatime.Atthattimepeopleweredividedgeographically.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.alocation

foranevent先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接詞使用where.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry.InthatcountrytheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.AfterlivinginBeijingfor30years,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point，case，stage,position，condition，situation等，用where引導(dǎo)。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepoint

whereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases

wherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.areason

foranaction先行詞（即被修飾的名詞）在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接詞使用why。Therearemanyreasons.Becauseofthesereasons,peoplelearnaforeignlanguage.Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey’renotdoingwell.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.alocation

foranaction先行詞指物且在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接詞可以用介詞+which來(lái)替換關(guān)系副詞，其中介詞的選擇和先行詞的搭配有關(guān)。Therewereanimalsbonesandshells.SymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeopleonthem.Thesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhich(=where)symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.介詞+which(如onwhich)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般限于比較正式的文體中。when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：when做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)=介詞in/at/on/during/…+whichIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.=IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstsawyou.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：where做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)=介詞in/at…+whichAfterlivinginBeijingfor30years,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.=AfterlivinginBeijingfor30years,hereturnedtothesmalltowninwhichhegrewup.why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的先行詞常為reason，why在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞for+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey’renotdoingwell.=Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonsforwhichthey’renotdoingwell.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指人，用“介詞+whom”；如果指物，用“介詞+which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也可以用whose作定語(yǔ)。ThebossinwhosecompanyMr.Kingworkedheardabouttheaccident.Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphoto.Selectionofprepositions1.FixedphrasesYesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakefor

whichHangzhouisfamous.Heisthestudentfromwhomweshouldlearn.2.SentencemeaningDoyourememberthedaysonwhichwechattedwitheachotherallnight?Canyourecognizethehouseinwhichyouusedtolivewithyourparents?befamousforlearnfromonthedayinthehouse用介詞＋關(guān)系代詞填空。1.Whoistheperson_______

_______youjustshookhands?2.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_______

_______weareproud.3.Thisisthetree_______

_______weusedtoplaygames.4.Thisismyglasses,_______

_______Ican’tseeclearly.5.Doyouremembertheday_______

_______youjoinedourclub?6.Doyouknowthereason____________helostthejob?withwhomwithoutwhichunderwhichofwhichonwhichforwhich表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，1.先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用when,where,why；2.若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)用that/which。Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespentstudyingtogetherintheclassroom?Idon’tknowthereason

whyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.Wewon’tacceptthereasonthat/whichyouhavegiven.Canyourecognizethehousewhereyouusedtolivewithyourparents?Canyourecognizethehousethat/whichTomsoldthreeyearsago?對(duì)比填空：that、which、when、where、why1.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____________wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays___________westayedtogether.2.Thereason_____________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.Thereason___________hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.3.Keepthebookinplace___________youcanfinditeasily.Thisisthehouse_________wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherethat/which關(guān)系副詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中作用when=where=why=time時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)placereason介詞+which介詞+whichforwhichFillinthetabletocompleteeachphrasewitharestrictiverelativeclause.Thenusethephrasestomakecompletesentences.thereasonwhytheplacewherein/atwhichtheplace/timethedaywhenthedaywhenthereasonwhytheplacewherein/atwhichtheplace/timetheearthquakehappenedIwasonholidaythedaywhentheearthquakehappened.Ididn’tgetapay-riseIdon’tknowthereasonwhyIdidn’tgetapay-rise.myfriendlivesSheworksneartheplacewheremyfriendlives.IfoundGrandma’sglassesThisisthecupboardinwhichIfoundGrandma’sglasses.Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldnever