Extendedreading—ReadingcomprehensionUnit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld

Doessciencealwaysmakegoodthingsforeverybody?chemistrybiochemistryinformationtechnologyScienceisadouble-edgedsword.Pre-readingMakeanoralpracticeAdvantages

“Scienceisadouble-edgedsword.”Duetotheadvancesinmedicalscience,somedeadlydiseasescanbecuredbysomelife-savingmedicine,suchasqinghaosu,penicillinandsoon.

Militaryscienceisoftenmisusedinwars,whichcausecountlessdeathsandinjuries.Disadvantages

?Theproductionofhybridricecaneasethehungerproblem.

TheinventionoftheInternetcanmakeourlivesmoreconvenient.

Beingsmartphoneaddictsisharmfultoourreallives.Industrializedsocietycandamagetheenvironment.Whatisit?FacialrecognitionsystemFunction?InvadeprivacyNegativeeffect?Scienceisadouble-edgedsword.Enjoyavideoabouttheauthor—RichardFeynmanNowwe’regoingtounderstandthevalueofscienceinFeynman’seyes.1．Whattypeofwritingisthetext?A．Narrativewriting.

B．Argumentativewriting.C．Expositorywriting.D．Practicalwriting.2．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Themainideaofthepassageis___________________.Activity1

Fast-readingforbasicinformation.While-reading√thevalueofscienceStructureIntroduction:_________________________________________________________Mainbody:_________________________________________________________Conclusion:_________________________________________________________Figureoutthestructreofthislecturetranscript.paras.1-2paras.3-6para.7SkimmingPart1_________Part2_________Part3_________C.RichardFeynman'spersonalexperienceinfluencehisattitudestowardsscience.A.Threevaluesofscience.B.Responsibilityofscientists.(paras.1-2)(paras.3-6)(para.7)WhenIwasyounger,Ithoughtsciencewouldmakegoodthingsforeverybody.Itwasobviouslyuseful;itwasgood.ButthenduringthewarIworkedontheatomicbomb.Thisresultofsciencewasobviouslyveryserious

---itrepresentedthedestructionofpeople

anditputourfutureat

risk.Ihadtoaskmyself,“Istheresomeevil

involvedinscience?在我還很年輕的時(shí)候，我以為科學(xué)會(huì)給每個(gè)人都帶來好處?？茖W(xué)顯然是有用的；有好的一面。但隨后在戰(zhàn)爭期間，我從事了原子彈的研究。這個(gè)科學(xué)的成果明擺著有很大的危險(xiǎn)性——它意味著人的毀滅，并使我們的未來岌岌可危。我不得不捫心自問：“科學(xué)之中是不是也包含罪惡？”Para.1對……有好處顯然戰(zhàn)爭期間從事…原子彈嚴(yán)重的/危險(xiǎn)的代表/意味著毀滅把未來置于危險(xiǎn)之中惡魔包含1.____________從事，致力于2._________________原子彈3.________________使……處于危險(xiǎn)之中4.___________________包含在，與...有關(guān)workonput...atriskbeinvolvedinatomicbombPara.1Putanotherway,whatisthevalueofthescienceIhaddevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?ItwasaquestionIhadtoanswer.Ithoughtlongandhard

aboutthisquestion,andIwilltrytoansweritinthistalk.換句話說，當(dāng)我看到科學(xué)可能造成的惡果之后，我一直投身其中的科學(xué)——我曾經(jīng)的摯愛，價(jià)值何在？這是一個(gè)我必須回答的問題。關(guān)于這個(gè)問題我苦思冥想了很久，我將嘗試在這次演講中給出解答。Para.2換句話說inotherwords致力于……糟糕的/惡劣的演講苦思冥想1．________________換句話說2．_____________________________致力于……3．_____________________

深思熟慮、再三思考Para.2putanotherwaydevoteoneselfto(doing)...thinklongandhardBeforethewarAfterthewarMakinggoodthingsBeingusefulandgoodPuttingourfutureatriskSeriousanddestructiveresultsTheauthor’sinternalconfusion(Paras.1-2)AngelDevilWhatisthevalueofscience?1．Howdidtheauthorintroducethetopic?A.

Byaskingaquestion.

B.

Bymakingacomparison.C.

Bygivinganexample.

D.

Byquotingafamoussaying.2．Whatmadetheauthorchangehisattitudetoscience'svalue?A．Hiscommonsense.

B．Hisresearchonscience.C．Hisknowledgeaboutscience.

D．Hisexperienceduringthewar.Introduction(Paras.1－2)IntroducingthetopicActivity2

Careful-readingfordetails√√3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoscienceduringthewar?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.√1.AccordingtoFeynman,whoshouldbeblamedifthepowerofscienceisusedtodosomethingbad?Itisnotthescience,butthemanmisusingitthatshouldbeblamed.UnderstandingDetails——thefirstvalue(Para.3)positiveMixedNegativeScientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalso

tothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.Para.3科學(xué)體現(xiàn)價(jià)值的第一種方式是人人都耳熟能詳?shù)模嚎茖W(xué)知識能夠讓我們做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。當(dāng)然，如果我們做了善事，這不僅歸功于科學(xué)；還歸功于引導(dǎo)我們行善的道德選擇。某物被某人所熟悉科學(xué)的使某人能夠做…使……值得贊揚(yáng)道德的Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—

eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.Para.3科學(xué)知識是一種讓我們可以行善也可以作惡的力量——但該如何運(yùn)用，它并沒有自帶說明書。這樣的力量其價(jià)值顯而易見——盡管這種力量可能會(huì)被人們的行為所否定。力量要么…要么…說明書運(yùn)用/申請明顯的盡管否定Para.31.______________具有價(jià)值2.______________________某物被某人所熟悉3.____________________歸功于……4．_________________________引導(dǎo)我們行善beofvaluesth.befamiliarto

sb.leadustogoodwork

tothecreditof...Para.3Whatdothese“it”referto?makinggoodthingsscientificknowledgeA.makinggoodthingsB.anenablingpowerC.scientificknowledgeD.thefirstwayAnothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.

Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,

inspiring

onetolookdeeper

still.Para.4科學(xué)的另一個(gè)價(jià)值是它可以為我們提供的智力享受。當(dāng)我們足夠深入地看待任何問題時(shí)，我們就會(huì)一次又一次地感到興奮和神秘。隨新知而來的是更深刻、更精妙的奧妙，激勵(lì)著我們更深入地去探究。智力的享受給某人提供…神秘激勵(lì)某人去……Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown,withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangeness

leadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.

Thankstothescientificefforts,wehavebeenledtoimagine

allsortsofthingsmorefantasticthanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.Para.4我們從不擔(dān)心答案可能會(huì)令人失望，總是帶著愉悅和信心，我們翻開每一塊新的石頭，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的東西，它們指向更加奇妙的問題和奧秘。多虧了科學(xué)付出的努力，我們在其引領(lǐng)下構(gòu)想出形形色色的東西，遠(yuǎn)比過去任何一位詩人和夢想家的想象更加美妙。擔(dān)心使……失望翻開意想不到的奇妙多虧想象各種各樣的美妙的1.Whatcanleadtointellectualenjoyment?2.(Line20-22)Feynmancompares

ourexperienceofturningovereachnewstone

tofindmysteriestotheexperienceof______________________EffortResultlookatanyquestiondeeplyenoughfeeltheexcitementandmysteryadeeper,morewonderfulmysterywithmoreknowledgeanalogyDetails——thesecondvalue(Para.4)1.___________________________智力的享受

(L17)2.______________________給……提供……(L17)3.______________________________激勵(lì)人們深入看問題(L20)4．________________讓某人失望(L21)5．______________________________進(jìn)行一次新的探索(L21)6.________________被引領(lǐng)做某事(L23)

intellectualenjoymentPara.4provide...with...inspireonetolookdeeperletsbdownturnovereachnewstonebeledtodo4.Whatdoesintellectualenjoymentinclude?Findoutwordsorphrasespositiveinmeaning.5.Whatdoes“theintellectualenjoyment”meanaccordingtoRichard?A．Scienceisgreatfunandpeopletakedelightinlearningscience.B．Scienceiscomplexandcanhelppeoplebecomeclever.C．Scienceisunlimitedandpeoplegetpleasurefrommakingconstantdiscoveries.D．Scienceisdevelopingandpeopleenjoytheever-changingscientificknowledge.√Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceis

ofverygreatimportance.Whenascientistdoesn'tknowtheanswertoaproblem,heisignorant.Whenhehasanideaastowhattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.Para.5現(xiàn)在我想談?wù)効茖W(xué)擁有的第三個(gè)價(jià)值。科學(xué)家經(jīng)常會(huì)經(jīng)歷無知、懷疑和不確定性，而這種經(jīng)歷非常重要。當(dāng)一個(gè)科學(xué)家不知道某個(gè)問題的答案時(shí)，他是無知的。當(dāng)他對于結(jié)果是什么有主意時(shí)，他是不確定的。當(dāng)他非常確定結(jié)果會(huì)是什么時(shí)，他仍然有所疑問。轉(zhuǎn)向無知懷疑不確定性很重要無知的關(guān)于不確定的……的答案非常確定不肯定；有所懷疑It’snevertoolatetolearn.ignoranceWhatcanwelearnfromthethirdvalueofscience?活到老，學(xué)到老Moreknowledge,moredoubt.Para.51._____________________________________________無知，懷疑和不確定

(L26)2.____________________________重要(L26)3._____________關(guān)于(L28)4．________________不肯定，不確定(L29)beindoubtastoignoranceanddoubtanduncertaintybeofgreatimportance◎Scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Values◎Sciencecanprovideuswithintellectualenjoyment.◎

Scientistshavethefreedom

todoubt.

PartⅡTheValueofScienceNow,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthorityintheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion---todoubt---tonotbesure.Para.6現(xiàn)在，我們科學(xué)家理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，人類生而有所不知是很可能的。但是，我們懷疑的自由是脫胎于科學(xué)早期對抗權(quán)威的展開的一場深刻而強(qiáng)硬的斗爭。為了取得進(jìn)步，我們不能忘記這場斗爭的重要性；我們必須認(rèn)識到我們的無知，并為懷疑留出一席之地。請?jiān)试S我們質(zhì)疑---懷疑---不確定。理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為自由脫胎于權(quán)威為了認(rèn)識到為……留余地允許某人做…ReadPara.5-6andfindthreestepsaboutscientists’figuringoutproblems.0102031._________(adj.)3.________(adj.)uncertainproblemideadoubtfulignorant2._________(adj.)resultNeverstopthefootstepstowardsthetruth.Para.61.______________________想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的(L30)2.___________________因?yàn)椤闪?產(chǎn)生)(L31)3.___________________給……留空間(L35)takeitforgrantedbebornoutof...leaveroomfor...Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefeared

buttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.作為科學(xué)家，我們知道巨大進(jìn)步源于思想自由，我們有責(zé)任宣布這種自由的價(jià)值；有責(zé)任教導(dǎo)人們不必害怕質(zhì)疑，而是歡迎疑惑并討論質(zhì)疑；并要求這種自由作為我們對所有后代的責(zé)任。Para.7責(zé)任進(jìn)步闡明不是…而是…要求后代可怕的……的成果Para.71.______________________……的成果，成效，結(jié)果(L37)2.___________________不是……而是……(L38)thefruit/fruitsof...not...but...1.Whatarethedutiesofscientists??Todeclarethevalueofthefreedomtodoubt.?Toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed.?Todemandthisfreedomtoallcominggenerations.ParallelismConclusion(Para.7)2．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Everythinghastwosides.B．Allisprogressing.C．Authorityisscience.D．Sciencecanchangeeverything.√3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocomfortworriedpeople.B．Toshowtheauthor’sexcellenttalentstopeople.C．Torespectfamousscientists.D．Totellpeopletheimportanceofscience.√1．Feynmanbelievesthatofallscience’smanyvalues,thegreatestmustbethefreedomtodoubt.Howdoyouunderstandthis？(Criticalthinking)Doubtisthekeytoknowledge.

Weshouldn’ttakeanythingforgranted.Withdoubtandcuriosity,wekeepafreshmindtooursurroundings.Activity1

DiscussionPost-readingFeynmanbelievesthat,thegreatestscience’svaluesisthefreedomtodoubt.Howdoyouunderstandthis?ReflectionSay“No”toeverything?Throughdoubting,whatcanweachieve?Throughdoubting,weareeagertoexploretheunknown,sothatwecangetprogress.Whilemaybethesheer(完全的)distancefrommynativecountryalonecansometimesseemoverwhelming,experiencingsmallwavesofcultureshockremindsmethatIamexploringdifferentpartsoftheworldandthatIshouldappreciatewhatI’mtakingin.Howtoproperly

question(質(zhì)疑)?advisable(可取的)inadvisable(不可取的)Criticalthinking(批判性思維)daretoquestionchallengetheauthority...blindlydoubtshownorespectforothers...DeepthinkingBesidesdoubt,whatotherqualitiesdotheyhaveduringtheperocessofpromotingthedevelopmentofscience?1．________________從事，致力于2．________________使……處于危險(xiǎn)之中3．________________換句話說4．________________致力于……5．________________歸功于……6．________________給……提供……7．________________使某人失望8．______________________進(jìn)行一次新的探索9．________________促使，促成10．________________關(guān)于，至于11．________________不肯定，不確定workonput...atriskputanotherwaydevoteoneselfto...tothecreditof...provide...with...letsb.downturnovereachnewstoneleadontoastobeindoubtI.重點(diǎn)短語12．________________想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的13．________________因?yàn)椤闪?產(chǎn)生)14．________________給……留空間15．________________……的成果，成效，結(jié)果16．________________提出，提議，建議17．_____________